Thiruvaruar District, Tamil Nadu

Transcription

1 Comparative Study on Faunal and Floral Diversity Comparative in a Study Pond on and Faunal Thirumalairajan and Floral Diversity River in in AdambarPadugai a Pond and Thirumalairayan Village of Thiruvaruar District, Tamil Nadu River in AdambarPadugai d Village of Thiruvaruar District, Tamil Nadu Moovendran N*, Selvam K** and Ramakrishnan N** Moovendan N*, Selvam K** and Ramakrishnan N** * Department of Zoology, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam ** Department of Botany, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam * Department of Zoology, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam ** Department of Botany, Govt. Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam

2 A comparative ecological study was undertaken in a small natural shallow Pond and Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village (small natural shallow Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) in Thiruvarur District, Tamil Nadu

3 3.0 Results and Discussion A comparative ecological study was undertaken in a small natural shallow Pond and Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village for its Floral and Faunal diversity with reference to water quality. The study sites wise dominating algal groups as well as species in both ththe ecosystems (River and dpond) were presented in Table 1a and 1b.

4 3.1 Phytoplankton population Of the 28 phytoplankton species recorded in total of four sites in Thirumalairayan River at Adambar Padugai Village the following three species like Scenedesmus dimorphus, Cyclotella sp. and Oscillatoria sp. Vaucher were dominating in all the four study sites (Table 1a). On the other hand based on division wise density analyzed in both the experimental water bodies (Table 1a and 1b) clearly indicated that in river ecosystem (Table 1a) the species belongs to division Bacillariophyta were dominating with 10 species whereas the pond ecosystem (experimental Pond in, Adambar Padugai Village) (Table 1b) was dominated by the division Cyanophyta with 8 species.

5 Table 1a List of Phytoplankton in different experimental sites of the Thirumalairayan River S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV 1 Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck Closterium acerosum (Schrank) E Cl.dianae Ehr Comarium granatum Breb C. nudum Turn Selenastrum gracile Reinch Scenedesmus acuminatus S. dimorphus Pediastrum duplex Meyem Desmidium sp Phacus orbicularis Huebnear Euglena acus Amphora gigantea Cl Cyclotella sp Cymbella affinis Kutz

6 16 Melosira sp Navicula gracilis Ehr Nitzschia bilobata Grun Pinnularia ambigua Cl Synedra acus ( Kutz.) Ehr S. ulna ( Kutz.) Ehr Diatoma vulgare ( Fricke ) H Aphanocapsa sp. Montana Cramer Chroococcus minutus ( Kuetz ) Nag Gleocapsa sp Scytonema sp Spirulina sp Oscillatoria sp. Vaucher

7 Table 1b List of Phytoplankton in different experimental sites of the Pond in Adambar Padugai Village S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV 1 Closterium acerosum (Schrank) E Comarium granatum Breb Scenedesmus acuminatus Pediastrum duplex Meyem Desmidium sp Amphora gigantea Cl Nitzschia bilobata Grun Synedra acus ( Kutz.) Ehr Chroococcus minutus ( Kuetz ) Nag Gleocapsa sp Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz Nostoc muscorum Ag. Ex. Born. Et Cylindrospermum majus Kutzing ex Oscillatoria acuta Bruhl & Biswas O.chalybea ( Mertens ) Gom O. princes Vaucher ex Gom

8 3.2 Zooplankton population Zooplankton population p of the Thirumalairayan River at Adambar Padugai Village was analyzed in four study sites and the results are presented in Table 2a. In total 11 species were recorded of which only one species like Monostyla sp recorded in all the four study sites during the entire period of study. Followed this 7 species were dominating in three study sites. In these seven species three species like Daphnia Catawba, Macrocyclops albidus and Cyclops was density wise dominating in all the four study sites in the river

9 Table 2a: Zooplankton diversity in the experimental sites of the Thirumalairayan River S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV 1 Daphnia Catawba (2 mm) D. retrocurva Macrocyclops albidus Diaptomus kenai D. nudus D. oregonensis Cyclops Macrocyclops albidus Lecane Monostyla Asplanchna

10 In the experimental pond (Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) in total 8 zooplankton were recorded and the result was presented in Table 2b. Based on density wise dominating species were Daphnia retrocurva, Cypris larva, Lecane Cyclops and Macrocyclops albidus. Maximum number of species (6) was recorded in site II and all other sites only 5 species were recorded throughout the study period

11 Table 2b Zooplankton recorded in different sites of Pond in Adambar Padugai Village S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV 1 Daphnia retrocurva Bosmina longirostris Cypris larva Lecane Monostyla Asplanchna Cyclops Macrocyclops albidus

12 3.3 Fish population p A small natural shallow Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) and the River site (Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village were analyzed for the fish population too and the results was presented in Table 3a and Table 3b respectively. In Thirumalairayan River Catla catla was dominating for the entire period of study whereas in Pond ecosystem Labeo rohita was observed as dominating species.

13 Table 3a Fish diversity in study sites of Thirumalairayan River S. No Species Family Habitate 1 Catla catla Cyprinidae Benthopelagic 2 Labeo bata Cyprinidae Benthopelagic 3 Labeo rohita Cyprinidae Benthopelagic 4 Wallaco attu Siluridae Demersal

14 Table 3b Fish diversity in study site of Pond in Adambar Padugai Village S. No Species Family Habitate 1 Labeo rohita Cyprinidae id Benthopelagic 2 Labeo bata Cyprinidae benthopelagic 3 Wallaco attu Siluridae Demersal

15 34Macrobenthos 3.4 Macro-benthos In the experimental Pond (Adambar Padugai Village) only 4 species of macro-benthos were recorded and the result was recorded in Table 4. Of the 4 species Diptera sp and Gastropoda sp were dominating throughout the period of study. In other study site macro-benthos were not recorded during the study period

16 Table 4 Macro-benthos species in the experimental sites of Pond in Adambar Padugai Village S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV 1 Diptera sp Tubifex sp Gastropoda Chironomous sp

17 3.4 Water insect diversity Wt Water insect tdiversity it was studied didin the experimental pond (Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) and the results are presented in Table 5. There are three water insects recorded d during the entire period of study and also interesting to note that t all the insect species were dominating in all the four study sites

18 Table 5 Water insect diversity in study sites of the Pond in Adambar Padugai Village S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV 1 May fly nymph Chloroperia Rhithrogena

19 3.5 Macrophytic vegetation In the experimental river sites (Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village) there were three macrophytic species were recorded (Table 6a) of these three species Aponogeton sp in shallow water edge region and Typha sp were dominating very shallow region near the edge of the riverbank during the entire period of study. However in other study site (Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) macrophytic vegetation was dominated by six species. The deeper zone was dominated by Aponogeton sp and Potamogeton sp, whereas Nymphaea sp and Hydrilla sp were occupied as isolated patches deep as well as moderately deep water level area. Typha sp dominated during entire period of study at the edge of a pond that is in shallow water region (Table 6b)

20 Table 6a. Macrophytic plant species identified in the Thirumalairayan River S. No Name of the species Site I Site II Site III Site IV 1 Aponogeton sp Hydrilla sp Typha sp

21 Table 6b. Macrophytic plant species diversity of the Pond in Adambar Padugai Village S. Name of the Site Site Site Site No species I II III IV 1 Nymphaea sp Aponogeton sp Potamogeton sp Hydrilla sp Vallisneria sp Typha sp

22 4.0 Diversity Indices Three biological pollution indices were developed to determine the pollution level of the experimental lentic and lotic water bodies utilizing the basic data of plankton. The three diversity indices calculated were Shannon s Diversity index, Simpson s diversity index and Hill s diversity index and the results are presented in Figure 1 to 3.

23 FIG.1 Shannon s Diversity index in four study sites among plankton population P I = Pond site I, P II = Pond site II, R I = River site I, R II = River site II SHANNON N'S DIVERS SITY I NDEX S O N D J F M A M J J A P I P II R I R II

24 FIG.2 Simpson s diversity index in four study sites among plankton population P I = Pond site I, P II = Pond site II, R I = River site I, R II = River site II SIMPSON N'S DIVERS SITY IN NDEX S O N D J F M A M J J A P I P II R I R II

25 A perusal of Figure 1 3 reveals that the various biological indices showed their minimum i values during rainy and winter months (October to January) due to low plankton populations with high nutrient content. The maximum values were observed during summer months, coinciding with maximum growth of plankton populations

26 The Shannon s Diversity it index values ranged from to (Figure 1) in both the water bodies clearly indicating the water bodies were less to moderately polluted in nature

27 Simpson s diversity index was calculated and the results are presented in Figure 2. Simpson s diversity index value also recorded its lower value during rainy to winter season and attains its maximum value during summer months in both the experimental water bodies. In Pond ecosystem (Pond in Adambar Padugai Village) its values ranged between and in both the study sites. However in River ecosystem (Thirumalairayan River in Adambar Padugai Village) its values ranged from and , clearly l indicated d that moderately polluted nature

28 Hill s diversity index indices also showed their maximum values during summer months and their minimum values during rainy months coincide with plankton species density distribution and diversity nature (Figure 3).

29 FIG.3 Hill s diversity index in four study sites among plankton population P I = Pond site I, P II = Pond site II, R I = River site I, R II = River site II HILL'S DIV VERSITY IN NDEX S O N D J F M A M J J A P I P II R I R II