CRISPR3 Regulates Exopolysaccharide Production in Myxococcus xanthus. Regina Ann Wallace. Master of Science In Biological Sciences

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1 CRISPR3 Regulates Exopolysaccharide Production in Myxococcus xanthus Regina Ann Wallace Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Biological Sciences Zhaomin Yang, Chair Daniel G. S. Capelluto Birgit Scharf Brenda S. J. Winkel September 20 th, 2013 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Myxococcus xanthus, exopolysaccharide (EPS), pila, CRISPR, RAMP Copyright 2013, Regina Ann Wallace

2 10/3/13 3:41 PM Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-1: A typical CRISPR locus has four conserved features. Karginov, F. V., and G. J. Hannon The CRISPR system: small RNA-guided defense in bacteria and archaea. Molecular cell 37:7-19. Report generated on: at : 15:31:08 Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in

3 10/3/13 3:44 PM Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-2: The three types of CRISPR-Cas systems and their subtypes. Makarova, K. S., D. H. Haft, R. Barrangou, S. J. Brouns, E. Charpentier, P. Horvath, S. Moineau, F. J. Mojica, Y. I. Wolf, A. F. Yakunin, J. van der Oost, and E. V. Koonin Evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems. Nature reviews. Microbiology 9: Report generated on: at : 15:44:11 Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in

4 10/3/13 3:48 PM Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-3: Proposed mechanism of CRISPR mediated immunity. Makarova, K. S., D. H. Haft, R. Barrangou, S. J. Brouns, E. Charpentier, P. Horvath, S. Moineau, F. J. Mojica, Y. I. Wolf, A. F. Yakunin, J. van der Oost, and E. V. Koonin Evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems. Nature reviews. Microbiology 9: Report generated on: at : 15:48:09 Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in

5 10/3/13 3:51 PM Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-4: Life cycles of M. xanthus. Kaiser, D Coupling cell movement to multicellular development in myxobacteria. Nature reviews. Microbiology 1: Report generated on: at : 15:51:32 Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in

6 10/3/13 3:54 PM Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-5: A and S motility in M. xanthus. Mauriello, E. M., T. Mignot, Z. Yang, and D. R. Zusman Gliding motility revisited: how do the myxobacteria move without flagella? Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR 74: Report generated on: at : 15:54:06 Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in

7 10/3/13 3:56 PM Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-6: Type IV Pili model. Mattick, J. S Type IV pili and twitching motility. Annual review of microbiology 56: Report generated on: at : 15:55:54 Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in

8 10/3/13 3:58 PM Description of item under review for fair use: Figure 1-7: Model for the regulation of EPS production. Black, W. P., Q. Xu, and Z. Yang Type IV pili function upstream of the Dif chemotaxis pathway in Myxococcus xanthus EPS regulation. Molecular Microbiology 61: Report generated on: at : 15:57:59 Based on the information you provided, your use of the copyrighted work weighs: in

9 Chapter 3 Type IV Pilus Form an Integrated Structure Extending from the Cytoplasm to the Outer Membrane is a manuscript that was published in PLoS One. Li, C., Wallace, R. A., Black, W. P., Li, Z., Yang, Z Type IV Pilus Form an Integrated Structure Extending from the Cytoplasm to the Outer Membrane. PLoS One 8:e This journal abides by the open access Creative Commons Licensure that allows authors to retain ownership of the copyright of their articles. Also this journal allows any user to download, print out, extract, reuse, archive, and distribute the article, so long as appropriate credit is given to the authors and the source of the work. There is no need to obtain a copyright release from the journal or the authors of the paper in order to reuse the copyright material, as long as credit is given to the authors source of the work.

NAME: Microbiology BI234 MUST be written and will not be accepted as a typed document. 1.

NAME: Microbiology BI234 MUST be written and will not be accepted as a typed document. 1. Chapter 3 Study Guide Explain the 3 main characteristics that help differentiate prokaryotes from eukaryotes. What are the 7 structures/substances found in all bacterial cells? What are 8 specific structures