CMA Satellite Programs Supporting SWCEM

Transcription

1 CMA Satellite Programs Supporting SWCEM YANG Jun National Satellite Meteorological Center, CMA Operational Space-based Weather and Climate Extremes Monitoring (SWCEM) Workshop 15-17,Feb., 2017, Geneva, Switzerland

2 CMA/NSMC Mission NSMC is one of the operational units of China Meteorological Administration. Since its establishment in 1971, it has been undertaking the mission to develop and operate the Chinese meteorological satellite system in order to enhance the ability of meteorological satellite application in monitoring weather, climate, environment and natural disasters for the protection of lives and property of people. Responsibilities To formulate development plan for China s meteorological satellite system. To operate the meteorological satellite system; to receive, process, archive and disseminate satellite data to end users; To provide satellite data and information service for weather, climate, environment and natural disasters monitoring. To promote nation-wide utilization of meteorological satellite data based on research and development of product algorithm; provide technical guidance on meteorological satellite remote sensing..to conduct space weather monitoring and warning, and provide relative service

3 Overview - Planning of CMA satellite systems by year 2025 Since 2015, CMA s FENGYUN meteorological satellite programs have been included in National Space Infrastructure Plan ( ). In NSIP, a number of atmosphere-related satellites are planned in coming decade. FENGYUN Programs led by CMA (Two series: GEO & LEO) Weather Satellite series: FY-2, & FY-4 GEO Climate & Environment Satellite series: FY-3 LEO Other Programs that CMA engaged in High Resolution Earth Observation Satellite Programs: CNSA+CMA Carbon Observation Satellite program: TanSat, MOST+CMA

4 LEO Programs FY-3A/B(R&D) FY-3C(op.), AM FY-3D(op. ), PM, ready to launch! GEO Programs FY-2D/E/F/G(op.) FY-4A(R&D), new generation! Others GF-4 (R&D), High Spatial Res. Imaging In GEO TANSAT(R&D), CO2 & aerosol o k FY-3, LEO FY-4, GEO

5 LEO FY-3E(operational) Early Morning FY-3F/G (operational ) FY-3 RM, Rainfall Measurement GEO FY-4B/C/D (operational) FY-4 MW (R&D), GEO microwave Others GF-5 (R&D) Atmospheric Composition GF-follow on (op,) Atmospheric Environment

6 ok No. Orbit Status Launch FY-3A AM R&D, working May 27, 2008 FY-3B PM R&D, working Nov.5, 2010 FY-3C AM Op., working Sep. 23, 2013 FY-3D PM Op. ready 2017 FY-3E Early Morning Op, planed 2018 FY-3F PM op., planed 2020 FY-3G AM Op., planed 2022~,TBD FY-3 RM Inclined R&D, Planed 2023~,TBD FY-3D is re-scheduled for launch in September, 2017

7 FY-3C/D/E/F instruments Mission objectives: Improved global optical imaging capabilities (MERSI II); Hyperspectral IR and microwave sounding of atmosphere temperature and humidity profile; Atmosphere composition sounding; Sea surface wind with microwave scatterometer; Earth radiation budget. FY-3 INSTRUMENTS MERSI Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (II) MWTS Microwave Temperature Sounder MWHS Microwave Humidity Sounder MWRI Microwave Radiation Imager FY-3C (AM) FY-3D (PM) FY-3E (EM) NA FY-3F (PM) SWMR -Sea Wind Measurement Radar NA NA NA HIRAS Hyper-spectral IR Atomospheric Sounder GAS Greenhouse Absorption Spectrometer GNOSS GPS radio occultation ERM Earth Radiation Measurement NA NA SIM Solar irritation Monitor NA NA NA NA NA NA SEMS Space Environment Monitor Suite FY-3 Payload Configuration

8 1) Successive instruments with great enhancements : MERSI-II:25-channel imager, Improved from MERSI HIRAS: Hyperspectral sounder, filter->optical grating 2) Brand new instruments: GAS: Greenhouse gases Absorption Spectrometer WAI: Wide-angle Aurora Imager IPM: Ionospheric Photometer

9 MERSI MERSI-II continuity and Evolution MERSI-2 Improvement: Cover all bands in FY- 3A/B/C MERSI Five more IR bands Circurrus cloud band 1.38um Water vapor bands In NIR and 7.2um Two IR split windows with 250m spatial resolution Higher accuracy from onboard calibration Lunar Calibration capability Band SNPP VIIRS FY-3D MERSI-II FY-3A/B/C MERSI 1 DNB m 1000 m

10 HIRAS: Hyperspectral sounder (1,370 chls) -- comparable with CrIS & IASI Items Scanning cycle FOV Scanning Line Specification 10 s(33 FORs) 1.1 (16Km) 29*4 FORs Max Scanning Range 50.4 Band Spectral range (cm-1) Resolution (cm-1) NE chs Longwave 650 * 1136 (15.38 m-8.8 m) K km 26.17km 26.17km Midwave (8.26 m-5.71 m) K km Midwave (4.64 m-3.92 m) K km 26.17km

11 Objectives: to measure CO 2 and CH 4 column density by using a SWIR Interferometer Spectral res.: 0.2 cm -1 Spatial res.: 13km Number of Bands: 4

12 FY-3RM: Rainfall Measurement Satellite on-board Precipitation Radar A member of FY-3 constellation together with FY-3 AM & PM Mission objectives : To make up a global observation constellation system with FY-3 AM & PM satellites; To provide 3D precipitation structure over both ocean and land; To improve the sensitivity and accuracy of precipitation measurement. To enhance the weather and climate extremes monitoring capability; Core instrument: Ku/Ka Radar Microwave Sounders: MWTS MWHS MWRI Ka-band PR Ku-band PR

13 Spacecraft: 1. Launch Weight: approx 5300kg 2. Stabilization: Three-axis 3. Attitude accuracy: 3 4. Bus: 1553B+Spacewire 5. Raw data transmission : X band 6. Output power: >= 3200W 7. Design life: over 7 years Instruments: AGRI: Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager GIIRS: Geo. Interferometric Infrared Sounder LMI: Lightning Mapping Imager SEP: Space Environment Package FY-4 was successfully launched in Dec. 12, 2016!

14 CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 CH5 CH6 CH7 CH8 CH9 CH10 CH11 CH12 CH13 CH14 Compared with current FY-2 imager S-VISSR: Higher Spatial Resolution: VIS 1.25km -> 0.5km; IR 5km->2/4km More Spectral Bands: 4 -> 14 (16 in FY-4B/C/D) More frequent observation: 30 min. -> 15 min. (Full Disc)/ 10min. More flexible reginal rapid scan: 6min. -> 2.5 min. More accurate calibration : VIS 5%->1~3%; IR 1k->0.1~0.2K

15 Transmittance Transmittance FY-4 GIIRS: Geo. Interferometric Infrared Sounder 538 long-wave IR channel+ 375 short&mid-wave IR channel High frequent atmosphere Humidity, Temperature and Ozone profile products 1 Ch-1 Ch-2 Ch-3 Ch-4 Ch-5 Ch-6 Ch-7/8 FY-4A (R&D) FY-4B (Operational) Wavelength Total (micron) O3 O2 Molecular Scatter Spectral Parameters (Normal mode) Range Resolution Channels LWIR: Cm S/MIR: Cm VIS : μm 1 Range Resolution Channels LWIR: S/MIR: VIS : μm 1 1 Ch-9 Ch-10 Ch-11 Ch-12 Ch-13 Ch Wavelength (micron) CO2 H2O(Band Model) Water Continuum Total Spatial Resolution Operational Mode LWIR/S/MIR : 16Km SSP VIS : 2Km SSP China area Km2 Mesoscale area Km2 LWIR/S/MIR : 8Km SSP China area Km2 Mesoscale area Km2 Temporal Resolution China area Mesoscale area <1 hr <½ hr China area <1 hr Mesoscale area <½ hr Sensitivity (mw/m2sr cm-1) LWIR: S/MIR: VIS: S/N>200(ρ=100% ) LWIR: 0.3 S/MIR: 0.06 Calibration accuracy Calibration accuracy 1.5k (3σ) radiation 1.0k (3σ) 10 ppm (3σ) spectrum 5 ppm (3σ) Quantization Bits 13 bits 13 bits

16 FY-4 Baseline Products AGRI baseline products (25) Clear Sky Masks Cloud Type Cloud Optical Depth Cloud Liquid Water Cloud Particle Size Distribution Cloud Phase Cloud Top Temperature Cloud Top Height/Pressure Fog Detection Aerosol Detection Aerosol Optical Depth Tropopause Folding AGRI baseline products (cont.) Surface Solar Irradiance Blackbody Brightness Temp. Outgoing Longwave Radiation Downward Longwave Radiation Upward Longwave Radiation Reflected Shortwave Radiation Land Surface Temperature Sea Surface Temperature Land Surface Temperature Land Surface Albedo Land Surface Emissivity Snow Cover Fire/Hot Spot GIIRS baseline products (10) Temperature Profile Moisture Profile Ozone Profile Total Ozone Total Precipitable Water Lifted Index CAPE index K index SI index TT index LMI baseline products (3) Flash Group Event

17 The First Image of FY-4A AGRI :00 UTC

18 GIIRS Spectral Curves :15UTC Longwave IR Mid-wave IR Spatial resolution: 16km, Spectral resolution 0625 cm-1

19 Operational Supports to NCC in Climate monitoring 1. Re-processing long-term historic satellite data over 20 years to generate CDRs 2. Providing operational satellite data and products(l1/l2/l3) services in near-real-time for NCC monitoring weather and climate extremes and using in climate models. 3. Establishing and developing operational remote sensing applications to provide monitoring products (weather and climate events ) for NCC.

20 Long-term Climate Data Records from satellite Long-term historic satellite data over 20 years was reprocessed (Relocation, Re-calibration, Renewed product algorithm). A number of CDRs using satellite data has been developed, for examples: Outgoing Long wave Radiation Precipitation Estimation Cloud Mask Land Surface Temperature NDVI Sea Surface Temperature Snow Cover Cloud Motion Vectors

21 NSMC Extreme weather and Climate events monitoring operation based on remote sensing, products and data dissemination and services NCC Climate Factor Monitoring SST(daily, monthly, seasonal and annual monitoring),tropical convective activity snow cover, sea ice and vegetation OLR Snow LST SST Sea Ice Vegetation Precipitation &Rainstorm Drought Typhoon South China Sea Monsoon Dust storm Flood and waterbody changes Fire Snow High temperature and urban island monitoring Data & Products Support Climate Model Application Ocean data assimilation Land Data Assimilation Climate Impact Assessment &Climate Services Drought monitoring and disaster impact assessment( large reservoirs and lake waterbody area changes, vegetation changes, fire distribution changes, high temperature monitoring and etc.) Climate Prediction Charter Precipitation prediction(snow coverage in Tibetan Plateau & SCS monsoon monitoring ) Typhoon prediction(scs monsoon ) Dust storm prediction(dust monitoring) Fire risk prediction(fire monitoring)

22 Operational Application Based on Satellite Derived Products in Weather and Climate Events Monitoring Operational Remote Sensing Applications In NSMC Rainstorm monitoring Flood and waterbody change monitoring Typhoon monitoring South China Sea Monsoon monitoring Dust storm monitoring Fog monitoring Drought monitoring Vegetation monitoring Fire monitoring Snow monitoring Sea ice monitoring High temperature weather and Urban Island monitoring

23 Example: Precipitation monitoring Meteorological disaster distribution May.2016 Monthly Precipitation using remote sensing data May.2016 There were 7 rainstorms in the south of China in May,2016, Fujian, Hunan and Guangdong were affected heavily; Jun.2016 Jul.2016 Jun.2016 Jul rainstorms happened in the South of China in Jun. The rainfall from Jun.18 till 21 was the most intensive in this month and it caused a few of floods in Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan and Guizhou. 6 rainstorms in July. the rainfall from Jun.30 till Jul.6 was the most intensive and the extensive rainfall in 2016, and it led to the water levels of Yangtze River main stream in Jiangsu and in Anhui were beyond the warning level, the water level of Taihu Lake was also beyond the warning level. the strongest rainfall from Jul.18 till 20, in the north of China during the flood season occurred in North China and Huanghuai region, Hebei was the

24 Typhoon monitoring Sea surface wind Typhoon monitoring products based on Multi-source satellite have been proved very crucial in improving accuracy of typhoon prediction It was first time for CMA that 24-hour typhoon track forecast error was less than 70 km in 2015! Forecast 预报误差 error SD analysis using FY-3 MWHS. Typhoon intensity 台风云区强度分析

25 Fire monitoring NSMC has developed an operational fire spot detect algorithm for sub-pixel fire area and intensity evaluation, burned area evaluation using multi-source satellite data and fire spreading prediction. The daily operation fire monitoring products provide the basis of fire risk prediction for NCC. fire monitoring with satellite data fire spot distribution in China (Jul.2016) Animation Smoke area Fire spots + land coverage classification FY-3B/VIRR global month fire spot distribution(jul.2016) 全球约火点分布图

26 Drought monitoring NSMC carries out nationwide drought monitoring using remote sensing data every five days. Multi-source satellite data are used to dynamically monitor the severe drought, as well as waterbody, vegetation to evaluate the impact. The monitoring products will be provided to NCC in time.

27 积雪累计覆盖日数距平百分比 Snow monitoring 40 N Snow lasting days in the winter of 年度冬季青藏高原积雪覆盖平均日数 Anomaly of snow lasting days in winter ( ) N N 无雪区 25 N 70 E 80 E 90 E 100 E 110 E 背景 Anomaly of SWE(snow water equivalent) in the winter of 年份 SWE(snow water equivalent in winter ( )

28 水体面积 (km 2 ) 水体面积 (km 2 ) Long-term Waterbody change monitoring For Poyang Lake, the largest water area in 2016 was smaller than the one of The lake area also changes greatly with the seasons, and the difference between the dry season and the wet period was obvious. ( 年月 ) Comparison of largest water body areas of every month from 1998 to 2016 in Poyang lake based on satellite data 月 2 月 3 月 4 月 5 月 6 月 7 月 8 月 9 月 10 月 11 月 12 月 ( 时间 ) 2016 年月最大水体面积 年均值 Comparison of the largest water body area of every month between 2016 year and the average areas of 1998 to 2015 for Poyang lake Maximum Water Body Edge Line of Poyang Lake in 2016 and the Frequency of Water Body from 1998 to2015

29 long-term remote sensing water body dataset helped for flood assessment Because of super-el Niño events in 2016, The flood season in South of China began 9 ~ 20 days earlier than the normal years. Heavy rain occurred frequently, annual precipitation in Yangtze River was 100 ~ 400 mm more than average, ranked the second, only less than Precipitation changes in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 1998 to 2016

30 Establishing a robust space-based observation system of new generation of both LEO and GEO satellites, and maintain stable &reliable operation for supporting CMA s observing system and WMO WIGOS; Developing new operational observation capabilities such as atmospheric chemistry, LEO early morning orbit, GEO Microwave satellites for enhancing weather and climate application. Improving satellite data & products quality by well calibration and validation, make the accuracy of CAL&VAL to better meet the application requirements especially in climate monitoring; Develop advanced satellite product algorithms,promote quantitative use and evaluation; Enhance satellite data sharing and service capability to make easier and more convenient data access ; Facilitate satellite application for maximizing social and economical benefits.

31 Thank you for your attention!