Toward the Final Frontier of Manned Space Flight
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1 Toward the Final Frontier of Manned Space Flight Image: Milky Way NASA Ryann Fame Luke Bruneaux Emily Russell
2 Toward the Final Frontier of Manned Space Flight Part I: How we got here: Background and challenges (Ryann) Part II: Why boldly go? Why not? (Luke) Part III: Where are we going? (Emily)
3 Toward the Final Frontier of Manned Space Flight Part I: How we got here: Background and challenges (Ryann) Part II: Why boldly go? Why not? (Luke) Part III: Where are we going? (Emily)
4 Challenges in Human Space Travel Challenge 1: Leaving Earth (Space!) Challenge 2: Can humans live safely in space? Challenge 3: Destination Travel
5 Image: NASA Curiosity and Explorative Spirit
6 Image: NASA Curiosity and Explorative Spirit
7 How did we get here? 1903 Images: Library of Congress,US Gov. Military, NASA
8 How did we get here? Images: Library of Congress,US Gov. Military, NASA
9 How did we get here? Images: Library of Congress,US Gov. Military, NASA
10 How did we get here? Images: Library of Congress,US Gov. Military, NASA
11 How did we get here? Images: Library of Congress,US Gov. Military, NASA
12 How did we get here? Images: Library of Congress,US Gov. Military, NASA
13 Ballistic rockets for missiles X X Images: Library of Congress,US Gov. Military, NASA
14 Leaving Earth (space!) Image: US Gov. Military 1946
15 Image: Wikimedia: Matthew Bowden Fuel
16
17 Chemical combustion needs lots of oxygen 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O(g) + Energy
18 Chemical combustion needs lots of oxygen 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O(g) + Energy X X X X 2 H 2 + O 2 2 H 2 O(g) + Energy
19 Image: US Military Propellant: Fuel + Oxygen
20 Propellant: Fuel + Oxygen Shuttle Fuel H 2 (liquid) O 2 (liquid) Image: US Military, NASA
21 Stay in space: orbit Remain in space without having to constantly expend more energy or drifting away Image: US AirForce 1957
22 Low Earth Orbit Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Move around the earth 200-2,000km (124-1,240 miles) above the Earth Altitude: miles Speed: 17,227 mph Image: NASA
23 Low Earth Orbit Low speed launch Go up and then gravity pulls you back down to Earth Image: Wikimedia Brian Brondel
24 Escape Velocity Escape velocity The speed at which you break free from Earth s gravity and don t need propulsion to keep from falling back Example: Escape velocity on Earth 25,000 miles per hour. Image: Wikimedia Brian Brondel
25 Low Earth Orbit Orbit Gravity pulling you down at the same speed at which you are going forward Example: LEO required orbital speed 15,400 miles per hour. Image: Wikimedia Brian Brondel
26 Challenges in Human Space Travel Challenge 1: Leaving Earth (Space!) Challenge 2: Can humans live safely in space? Challenge 3: Destination Travel
27 Animals can live in space Images: US Gov. Military, NASA
28 Humans can live in space Images: US Gov. Military, NASA
29 Humans in space: What do we need?
30 Humans in space: What do we need?
31 Humans in space: What do we need?
32 Humans in space: What do we need?
33 Cost to get to Low Earth Orbit US$ per kg to LEO Payload kg to LEO Most vehicles: $5,000 per kg- $10,000 per kg Image: Marspedia.org
34 Cost to get to Low Earth Orbit Most vehicles: $5,000 per kg- $10,000 per kg 3.8 kg/ gallon of water So that means ~ $19,000- $30,000 per gallon in fuel alone
35 Challenges in Human Space Travel Challenge 1: Leaving Earth (Space!) Challenge 2: Can humans live safely in space? Challenge 3: Destination Travel
36 Destination travel We choose to go to the moon in this decade, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills. ~John F. Kennedy 1962 Image: NASA
37 Destination travel Hit a moving target Must understand multiple orbits
38 Destination travel Fuel to get there and back! Image:NASA
39 Destination travel Unit that can both land and have enough fuel to escape gravity of target Escape Velocity Moon: 6,260 mph Mars: 11,200 mph Earth: 25,000 mph Jupiter: 133,000 mph Image:NASA
40 Destination travel Unit that can both land and have enough fuel to escape gravity of target Escape Velocity Moon: 6,260 mph Mars: 11,200 mph Earth: 25,000 mph Jupiter: 133,000 mph Image:NASA
41 Destination travel Unit that can both land and have enough fuel to escape gravity of target Escape Velocity Moon: 6,260 mph Mars: 11,200 mph Earth: 25,000 mph Jupiter: 133,000 mph Image:NASA
42 Long duration travel Things in space are far apart Moon 384,403km 1x 8.5 hr Mars 74,799,000km 195x 6 mo Jupiter 893,000,000km 2,323x 13 mo Solar System 4,338,342,000km 11,286x 8 yr Proxima Centauri 42,000,000,000,000 km 109,260,000 x Always weight balance dilemma (Emily-propulsion) 78,000yr
43 Long duration travel Water recovery system Urine Humidity (sweat, breath, condensation) Reduces water shipments by 65% Image:NASA
44 Summary and remaining questions Challenge 1: Leaving Earth (Space!) Exiting the atmosphere (Still expensive and dangerous) Staying in orbit Challenge 2: Can humans live safely in space? Oxygen/ Supplies $ Landing (heat shields) (radiation shields) ± Challenge 3: Destination Travel Fuel to get somewhere, leave, and come back ± Recycling ± Effects of space travel on people for long times ±
45 Image: NASA Curiosity and Explorative Spirit
46 Curiosity and Explorative Spirit Goddard Oberth Image: NASA
47 Curiosity and Explorative Spirit Goddard Oberth Ways to Spaceflight ~1929 A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes [Space] ~1916 Image: NASA
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In this chapter, we will look at what happens when rocketry is used to send payloads into orbit or to destinations in space. Velocity is one major factor in this process. The other major factor is the
Distance = Rate x Time Middle grades
Distance = Rate x Time Middle grades Lesson Summary Students practice using the equation distance = rate x time using trajectory data from the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission. Prior Knowledge & Skills