19.5 Traveling Into Space pp When did space exploration begin? Earlier than 1,200 AD the Chinese were experimenting with small rockets

Transcription

1 19.5 Traveling Into Space pp When did space exploration begin? Earlier than 1,200 AD the Chinese were experimenting with small rockets

2 Russian Physicist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (shole-kahv-skee) He is considered the Father of Modern Rocketry He worked in the early 1900 s Proposed plans for multi-stage rockets

3 American Physicist Robert Goddard In early 1900 s First to develop a liquid-fueled rocket Developed the multistage rocket currently used by modern space programs

4 German and American engineer and physicist: Wernher Von Braun Early and middle 1900 s Worked for Nazi s and developed deadly V2 missile in WWII, then defected Later became US citizen, began work for NASA Pioneered rockets for modern space travel

5 Action = Reaction It s all about gases when they are superheated, they expand and combust, creating the force and push (thrust) to send a rocket upward

6 Words to know: Orbital velocity: Speed needed to beat Earth s gravity and remain in orbit. All satellites including the International Space Station and the Space Shuttle (no longer used) are at Orbital Velocity in flight Escape velocity: Speed needed to leave Earth and keep going Space probes Voyagers I & II left, continue to collect and send data, but will never return

7 Multi-stage Rockets the only way to go All Apollo Missions were with multi-stage rockets You only need enough fuel to reach orbital velocity and just a little to get back to Earth Main advantage reduced weight through voyage S e e p a g es

8 The Race for Space, 1950 s *Began before JFK s presidency *USSR was our greatest rival better scientists and technology and more/ bigger nuclear weapons *Kennedy pumped $ into math and science education to help the next generation be able to compete with the USSR

9 Satellites first! *Sputnik - Launched in October 57 by USSR *About 23 diameter *About 184 pounds *Orbited Earth in 98 minutes *Ran out of battery power in 22 days *Stopped orbiting Jan. 58

10 USA counters with Explorer I *Launched in 58 *Only 31 pounds *Mission = 111 days *Stopped orbiting in 1970 *Followed by many more satellites from USA and USSR

11 Apollo : Get men to the moon and safely return them to Earth

12 Orbital and Landing Missions apollo/apollo-program/orbital-missions/ Very cool Apollo site check it out!

13 Exploration Today Space Shuttles Satellites orbit Earth, go no further Reusable vessel and solid fuel tanks Huge liquid fuel tank for 1 use only not recovered from ocean Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, Endeavour Used from 1981 to Program ended summer Space Stations Mir USSR first to have long term place for stay and work Skylab US first space station International Space Station Started in 1980 s US and 15 other countries Still being used and added to today!

14 Space Shuttle program now retired 1976 Enterprise experimental Columbia 4 flights Challenger 3 flights Discovery 5 flights Atlantis 3 flights Endeavor 3 flights

15

16 International Space Station pieces slowly added to current size: Docked with US Space Shuttle below left

17 International Space Station

18 Satellites much smaller!

19 his is an approximate look at the satellites now orbiting Earth

20 Space Probes go, send back lots of information, but never return *Mariners, Vikings, Veneras all probes to explore inner planets *Galileo and it s small atmospheric probe to Jupiter *Launched in 89 *Took 6 years to get to Jupiter *Mission duration 95 to 03 *Purposely crashed into Jupiter to prevent accidental crash with moon

21 Cassini & Voyagers & Pioneers *Pioneer probes were launched before Voyagers and still send very weak signals *Voyagers I & II give us first look at outer planets. Both are still sending weak signals from a distance. *Cassini is at Saturn and dropped Huygens mini probe onto Titan in 05, continues to send back data about moons