2. What is the force weight of a 45 kg desk? 3. Give a scenario example for each of Newton s Laws.
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1 Catalyst 1.What is the unit for force? Newton (N) 2. What is the force weight of a 45 kg desk? 3. Give a scenario example for each of Newton s Laws. HANDS UP!! 441 N 4. What is net force? Give an example. Total of ALL forces acting on an object
2 Gravity Gravity is a force of attraction between objects caused by their masses All matter has mass.
3 Gravity Gravity is a result of mass. So, all matter is affected by gravity. ALL objects have a gravitational attraction to each other YES, ALL OBJECTS! We don t notice this attraction because it is so small that it appears insignificant.
4 WHY?? Why must you exert a force to pick up an object? What must you overcome? You must overcome GRAVITY to lift any object.
5 Fig, I mean Isaac Newton! Isaac Newton The Falling Apple story Newton sat under a tree and saw an apple fall and thought there had to be forces at work he called the force gravity.
6 7 Steps that led Newton to being considered the MAN Step1 Understand Galileo s concept of Inertia. Any change in speed or direction requires a force. Step 2 Sit under apple tree. Step 3 See apple falling on head; see moon through trees. Step 4 Realize that the moon must be falling towards the earth, just like the apple! Step 5 Wonder why moon circles Earth. Step 6 Conclude that a centripetal force must be pulling the moon into circular motion. Step 7 Figure out that the moon falls for the same reason that the apple falls both are pulled by EARTH S GRAVITY.
7 Universal Law of Gravitation Part 1: Gravitational force Increases as MASS Increases. Part 2: Gravitational force Decreases as DISTANCE Increases. It is valid EVERYWHERE in the UNIVERSE! Larger mass = Larger Gravitational force; Smaller mass = Smaller Gravitational force
8 Diagram it!
9 How Universal Gravitation relates to Newton s First Law The moon will remain in motion in a straight line if it were not acted upon by an outside force (the Earth s gravity pulling on it).
10 Weight vs. Mass Weight is a measurement of how hard gravity is pulling on that object. Your weight depends on how much gravity is acting on you at the moment and varies by your location Mass: amount of matter in an object; does NOT change based on location
11 Table it! Weight Changes based on location Measured in Newtons Tool: Spring scale or digital scales 1N Mass Always stays the same Measured in Grams Tool: balance or digital scale 100g
12 How do they compare? 180 lbs on Earth 0 lbs in space 81 kg on Earth 81 kg in space
13 Which one?? Which weighs the most on Earth? Which weighs the most in space?
14 This is NOT a new formula Gravitational Force = Weight So if then where g = 9.8m/s 2 and m = mass in grams
15 Spring Scale Practice (10 min.) Background: have you ever jumped up and down on a scale, what happens to your weight? Objective: See how changing acceleration can add or take weight away Materials: (1) spring scale/group (2) Weight, anything you can find
16 Review 1 How does the mass of an object relate to the gravitational The larger force the that mass, the the object larger exerts the on force other and objects? vice versa. The gravitational force on Jupiter is approximately 2.3 times the gravitational force on Earth. Mass If = an 70 object kg (stays has a the mass same) of 70 kg ; and a weight Weight of 686 = N 2.3 on Earth, X 686 what N = would the N object s mass and weight on Jupiter be?
17 Review 2 How do you explain to someone who has no knowledge Gravity holds of gravity the planets that gravity in orbit exists in space? around the sun. Why does your weight change if you Weight is a measure of gravitational landed on Mars, but your mass does not? force, while mass is constant
18 Gravity and Acceleration Objects fall to the ground at the same rate because the acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects. Check out these videos: and
19 How fast is it moving when it hits the Acceleration Due to Gravity for every second that an object falls, the object s downward velocity increases by 9.8 m/s. Velocity of falling objects formula: v = g t ground?
20 Let s Practice!
21 Terminal Velocity Check!!! Check out these videos to review Terminal Velocity: q2_io 4AFmI OK your turn SUMMARIZE it!
22 Centripetal Acceleration Centripetal acceleration is acceleration in a circular motion; it is CONSTANTLY accelerating WHY?? It is CONSTANTLY changing direction! Consider the example of swinging a cup of water in a circle. What happens? Video:
23 Orbiting and Centripetal Force The unbalanced force that causes objects to move in a circular path is called a centripetal force. Gravity provides the centripetal force that keeps objects in orbit.
24 Free Fall Free Fall Occurs When There Is No Air Resistance An object is in free fall only if gravity is pulling it down and no other forces are acting on it. A vacuum is a place in which there is no matter. Objects falling in a vacuum are in free fall because there is no air resistance. Free Fall on a ride:
25 Projectile Motion Projectile motion is the curved path an object follows when it is thrown or propelled near the surface of the Earth. Projectile motion has two components horizontal motion and vertical motion. These components are independent, so they have no effect on each other.
26 Projectile Motion
27 Horizontal Motion Horizontal Motion is a motion that is parallel to the ground. When you throw a ball, your hand exerts a force on the ball that makes the ball move forward. This force gives the ball its horizontal motion.
28 Vertical Motion Vertical Motion is motion that is perpendicular to the ground. A ball in your hand is prevented from falling by your hand. After you throw the ball, gravity pulls it downward and gives the ball vertical motion.
29 Newton s Hypothesis He hypothesized that the moon was simply a projectile circling the Earth under the attraction of gravity. YOUR TURN AGAIN SUMMARIZE IT!!
30 HOMEWORK!!! Answer in COMPLETE sentences! EXIT TICKET!! What is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth? Why do all objects on Earth fall at the same acceleration? What are the 2 parts of the Universal Law of Gravitation? Compare Mass and Weight. UNITS too! Formulas for calculating gravitational force and velocity of a falling object.
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