SENTINEL 1 Mission status and contribution to PSTG

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1 PSTG SAR WG meeting, 12 September 2016, ESTEC SENTINEL 1 Mission status and contribution to PSTG First Sentinel1B Images 28 April 2016 Sentinel-1B Launch from Kourou, 25 April 2016

2 Sentinel 1 Mission Operations Phases Sentinel 1 full mission exploitation capacity based on the routine operations of the 2 satellite constellation gradually achieved S1 Mission Operations Qualification S1 Mission Routine Operations S1A Routine Operations S1A Operational qualification S1A Space Segment Commissioning S1B Space Segment Commissioning S1A Launch 3 April 2014 S1A IOCR Sep st S1A ROR 9 June 2015 S1B Launch 25 April 2016 S1B IOCR Sep 2016 S1 Mission ROR 1 st half 2017

3 Sentinel 1: mission status Sentinel-1A nominal routine operations continue An average of 3.5 TB of products is generated daily Data routinely provided to relevant operational Copernicus services, with very good feedback received Support to various activations from the Copernicus Emergency Service and from the International Charter Space and Major Disasters Many promising results based on S1A data obtained in various application fields from institutional, scientific, commercial players Upcoming start of routine downloads via European Data Relay System (EDRS) Sentinel-1B commissioning being completed First SAR data acquired and successfully processed less than 3 days after launch Commissioning activities have been on-going according to plans Start of Sentinel-1B operations shortly after the In-Orbit Commissioning Phase Review (IOCR), planned on 14 September 2016

4 Sentinel 1A hit by space particle Sentinel-1A solar panel was hit by a space particle on 23 August, resulting in a 5% reduction of the power generated by the solar array. This power reduction does not have any impact on the mission operations.

5 Sentinels User and Product Statistics Overview Sentinel data access online at sentinels.copernicus.eu More than 44,000 users registered on the scientific/open access data hub More than 5 million products downloaded, representing about 6 Petabytes More than 670,000 Sentinel-1 core products available for download

6 Sentinel-1 Mission Reaching Full Operations Capacity SENTINEL-1A Launched 3 Apr 2014 Fully operational SENTINEL-1B Launched 25 Apr % observation capacity CORE GROUND SEGMENT: 3 X-band stations + Evolution of the user requirements from the Copernicus services National requirements from Copernicus Participating States Other requirements (incl. science) EDRS-A: Launch: 29 Jan 2016 In Commissioning User commissioning with S1A starting May 2016 Service use summer additional downlink flexibility EDRS-C: Launch: 2017 CORE GROUND SEGMENT: 4th X-band station additional downlink capacity need to be considered in the allocation of Sentinel 1 resources and flexibility

7 Sentinel 1: operations capacity evolution S1 mission capacity will increase with S1B in operations and the integration of the EDRS service Estimated daily volume of S1 core products in early 2017 is 10 TB / day TB Total S1 mission daily production volume evolution [TB] S1A Only Operations S1B Satellite Commissioning S1 Constellation Operations & EDRS service ~ 10TB/day of S1 products daily available S1A Operational qualification S1A Routine Ops. S1B Satellite CP S1 Constellation Ops. Qual. S1 Mission Routine Operations

8 PSTG SAR-CWG 2016 Review of Sentinel-1A imaging activities relevant to PSTG Johannes Roeder, Pierre Potin 12/09/2016 Issue/Revision:. Reference: Status: ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

9 Thematic spotlight: Ice sheets (Antarctica 2015) Antarctic campaign: ~2200 IW SLC scenes since Cumulative SAR operation time of 15.5 hours Johannes Roeder, Pierre Potin 11/09/2016 Slide 9 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use In addition, continuous monitoring of Peninsula and critical glaciers every 12 day repeat cycle Antarctica overall: 2656 GRDH and 2610 SLC products between and ~ Cumulative SAR operation time of hours

10 Thematic spotlight: Ice sheets (Antarctica 2016) Antarctic campaign: Focus on margins Increased revisit (target 6 continuous revisits) ~1300 IW SLC scenes since Zone 1,3,4 completed Campaign ongoing until tracks used compliant to 2015 Johannes Roeder, Pierre Potin 11/09/2016 Slide 10 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use In addition, continuous monitoring of Peninsula and critical glaciers every 12 day repeat cycle Target of 6 continuous revisits could not be reached on all tracks due to a SAR unavailability in June ( or revisits in consequence)

11 Thematic spotlight: Ice sheets (Greenland 2015) Greenland campaign: ~750 IW SLC scenes from to Cumulative SAR operation time of 5 hours In addition, continuous monitoring of coastal areas every 12 day repeat cycle with 6 tracks Johannes Roeder, Pierre Potin 11/09/2016 Slide 11 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Greenland overall: > 1300 GRDH and 1300 SLC products since oct ~ Cumulative SAR operation time of > 9 hours

12 Thematic spotlight: Ice sheets (Greenland 2016) Greenland campaign: ~2000 IW SLC scenes from to Glaciated part of Canadian Arctic associated to campaign 6 continuous repeats (Greenland) ; 4 continuous repeats (Canadian Arctic) In addition, continuous monitoring of coastal areas every 12 day repeat cycle with 6 tracks Johannes Roeder, Pierre Potin 11/09/2016 Slide 12 Continuous repeats could be realised ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

13 Thematic spotlight: Sea ice / Permafrost Permafrost: Sea ice mask was extended to cover coastal erosion zone over Asia and North America as per commitment taken at PSTG #3 Activity continued in 2016 Johannes Roeder, Pierre Potin 11/09/2016 Slide 13 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

14 Thematic spotlight: Permafrost (Northern Hemisphere) Permafrost Monitoring: Johannes Roeder, Pierre Potin 11/09/2016 Slide 14 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use The S1A zonal mapping frame regional windows have been adjusted in order to provide at least one complete IW dualpolarisation coverage over the respective regions in the timeframe mid June to mid August 2016 Prime Cold Spots within the denoted PSTG transects in Siberia and Alaska have been revisited with 3-6 continuous revisits during the same period Prime Cold Spots on Svalbard and the Antarctic Peninsula under continuous observation (IW-SH)

15 PSTG SAR-CWG 2016 High Level approach for future Ice Sheets coverage with Sentinel-1 Constellation Pierre Potin, Johannes Roeder 12/09/2016 Issue/Revision:. Reference: Status: ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

16 Sentinel-1 Constellation high level approach for ice sheets monitoring Greenland Continuous Monitoring of Margins 6 days continuous monitoring with the 6 identified tracks, using both S1A and S1B Annual Ice sheet wide acquisition campaign Yearly acquisition campaign with 6 days repeat passes for 4 to 6 consecutive passes, using S1A & S1B ESA UNCLASSIFIED For Official Use

17 Sentinel-1 Constellation high level approach for ice sheets monitoring Antarctica Continuous Monitoring of Margins (grounding lines) 12 days (or 6 days TBD) continuous monitoring of critical areas (Peninsula, PIG area, plus Lambert, David, etc.) with identified tracks, using both S1A and S1B Annual Monitoring of Margins (grounding lines) Yearly acquisition campaign of visible grounding lines with 12 days (or 6 days TBD) repeat passes for 4 to 6 consecutive passes, using S1A & S1B performed by steps (one area to the next) during local winter Ice sheet wide acquisition campaign Perform every 3 years the coverage of the visible interior (using S1A & S1B) for a 3 to 4 repeat passes, during a window TBD Important contribution from other missions expected for Antarctica! ESA UNCLASSIFIED For Official Use

18 Sentinel-1A coverage October 27-29, 2015 Ice drift October 28 to October 29, 2015 Sentinel-1 provides unprecedented radar coverage of the Polar Regions Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2015)/DTU Daily ice drift is derived from consecutive overlapping scenes To validate and tune ice drift forecast models Copernicus Service information (2015)/CMEMS

19 Sentinel-1 imagery from July 2015 to April 2016 Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [ ]

20 Operational Sentinel 1 data provision to CMEMS Example of daily ice chart Daily Ice Charts are produced in support of navigation in the Arctic. Copernicus Service information (2015)/CMEMS

21 Operational Sentinel 1 data provision to CMEMS Example of daily maps of icebergs Daily maps of icebergs in Greenland Waters are routinely produced Note that some targets may be ships Copernicus Service information (2015)/CMEMS

22 Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) Copernicus forecasts example 3-day forecast of Ice Thickness Ice drift From Arctic MFC (Marine Forecasting Center) in Norway Copernicus Service Information [2016]

23 Sentinel-1A + Sentinel-1B 3-day mosaic Sep day mosaic of S1A + S1B imagery routinely generated by the Copernicus Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) 3-day mosaic Sep 2016 Copernicus Service Information [2016]

24 Sentinel-1A + Sentinel-1B 3-day mosaic Sep day mosaic of S1A + S1B imagery routinely generated by the Copernicus Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) 3-day mosaic Sep 2016 Copernicus Service Information [2016]

25 S1A background image with S1B frames (green) on 8 Sep 2016 Courtesy CMEMS During comissioning S1A and S1B covered similar areas After IOCR, S1A/S1B complementary & optimised observations will be implemented, in particular to increase the coverage of the Western Arctic

26 1-day icedrift from 7/9/2016 -> 8/9/2016 Sentinel- 1A+B to Sentinel-1A (green) Courtesy CMEMS

27 Adding 1-day icedrift from 7/9/2016 -> 8/9/2016 Sentinel-1A+B to Sentinel-1B (red) Courtesy CMEMS CMEMS: Same high quality for ice drift from S1B as from S1A Small deviations are due to differences in acquisition times of S1A and S1B

28 1-day S1A+S1B coverage 8/9/2016 with 1-day icedrift from S1A+S1B 7/9/2016 -> 8/9/2016 Courtesy CMEMS 8/9/2016: S1A (blue frames) S1B (green frames) Antarctic dayto-day coverage has increased tremendously with S1B

29 Weddell Sea 8/9/2016 with S1A and S1B combined 1-day icedrift Courtesy CMEMS 8/9/2016: S1A (blue frames) S1B (green frames) Antarctic day to day coverage has increased tremendously with S1B

30 Monitoring ice sheets with Sentinel-1 Towards a routine observatory of ice sheet margins Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data [ ] Nagler et al. 2015

31 IV Timeseries: Monitoring Ice Sheet Margins Velocity (m/d) Distance (km) Date Data available within a few days ~50 Individual Glaciers

32 Sentinel-1 IV Map: Greenland 2014/ Nagler et al., 2015 Product: 250m pixel spacing Method: Offset Tracking Period S1 Greenland Campaigns 2015 & 2016 some scenes 2014 Data Source S1 IWS SLC HH >3100 Scenes > bursts ~330 pairs of tracks (12 d)

33 Sentinel-1 IV Map: Antarctica Product: 200m pixel spacing polar gap Method: Offset Tracking Period S1 Antarctic Campaign 2015/16 (some tracks started in Oct 2014) Data Source S1 IWS SLC HH >3800 Scenes >71800 burst pairs ~375 pairs of tracks (12d)

34 12 days Ice Velocity Time series - Crane Glacier Antarctic Peninsula 1 Year of Ice velocity observed by Sentinel 1 Period: Number of IV maps: 30 (12d) Velocity (m/d) Distance (km) Velocity (m/d) Date EGU General Assembly 2016 Vienna April 2016 Jan Wuite 34

35 IV Timeseries: David Glacier & Drygalski Ice Tongue, Antarctica Period: Number of IV maps: 17 (12d) Velocity (m/d) After cracks in the shelf have been reported first 1999 two large icebergs broke loose on Velocity (m/d) Distance (km) Date ESA web story on: 35

36 IV Time series: Monitoring Ice Sheet Margins S1 Tracks acquired every Cycle of 12 days (total year) in IW mode Greenland Entire margin Antarctica Peninsula, Pine Island Glacier Additional tracks will be selected Final aim: continuous monitoring of complete margins

37 Svalbard Ice Cap Monitoring by Sentinel 1 Time Series of Ice velocity Of major outlet glaciers

38 Svalbard Time Ice series Cap of Ice velocity KRONEBREEN GLACIER Monitoring by Sentinel 1 Time Series of Ice velocity Of major outlet glaciers

39 CPOM (Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling) Near Real Time Ice Velocity monitoring service Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica

40 Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica

41 Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica

42 Sentinel 1 Recommendations from S 1 is a game changer for mapping ice velocity in Antarctica Good temporal coverage of the Greenland margins, the Antarctic Peninsula and W. Antarctica Time series of 12 day pairs allows annual and seasonal change to be monitored Good spatial coverage on AP and WAIS Acquire time series of data on all major outlets 6 day repeat of S 1b will be extremely useful for InSAR acquire this routinely on fast flowing ice streams

43 Sentinel 1 Recommendations from 6 day repeat of S 1b is essential for InSAR retrieve precise grounding line locations on faster flowing ice streams

44 Polar Space Task Group S1A Alps Backscatter Mosaic Courtesy of David Small, University of Zurich, Switzerland Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2015) S1A IW VH & VV pol. processed Oct Aug. 2016: 12d & 16d windows Jan. Aug VH 16d shown here PSTG SAR CWG 5 Meeting, ESA ESTEC, Sept. 2016

45 Polar Space Task Group Ellesmere Island Backscatter Composites Ellesmere Island Backscatter Composites S1A EW HV 2 day delta 4 day window N.B. HH also available Courtesy of David Small, University of Zurich, Switzerland May Sept Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2015) PSTG SAR CWG 5 Meeting, ESA ESTEC, Sept. 2016

46 Monitoring melting snow using Sentinel-1 SAR Nagler et al., Remote Sensing, 2016

47 Monitoring melting snow using Sentinel-1 SAR Nagler et al., 2016

48 Sentinel-1 IV Map: Lambert Glacier

49 Sentinel-1B First Images The SAR instrument was activated on 28 April early, the first data takes were acquired 2 hours later at 05:37 UTC and downloaded at the Matera station few minutes later These data were immediately processed by the Payload Data Ground Segment, without any issue. Acquired on 28 April 2016, Interferometric Wide Swath mode, VV + VH Copernicus Sentinel data [2016], processed by ESA

50 Acquired on 28 April 2016, Interferometric Wide Swath mode, VV + VH Copernicus Sentinel data [2016], processed by ESA

51 INCLUSION OF SENTINEL-1B - HIGH LEVEL STRATEGY - Inclusion of Sentinel 1B first image strip in Sentinel 1A 3 days routine mosaic for sea ice monitoring 28 April 2016 ESA UNCLASSIFIED For Official Use Copernicus Sentinel data [2016]

52 Thank you for your attention! Copernicus Programme: copernicus.eu Sentinel Online: sentinels.copernicus.eu CSC Data Access: spacedata.copernicus.eu ESA Sentinel app: available in itunes First Sentinel-1B Image 28 April 2016