CHAPTER EIGHT: PHOTONIC CRYSTALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES... 78

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1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1 STUDY BACKGROUND... 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... 1 INTENDED AUDIENCE... 2 SCOPE AND FORMAT... 2 INFORMATION SOURCES AND METHODOLOGY... 3 ANALYST CREDENTIALS... 4 RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS... 4 BCC ONLINE SERVICES... 5 DISCLAIMER... 6 CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 7 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)... 7 SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS APPLICATIONS BY MATERIAL TYPE, ($ MILLIONS)... 8 CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW... 9 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF METAMATERIALS... 9 DEFINITION... 9 HISTORY TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF METAMATERIALS TABLE 1 MAJOR TYPES OF METAMATERIALS TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) ELECTROMAGNETIC METAMATERIALS Artificial Dielectrics Negative Refraction Media Active Terahertz Metamaterials Chiral Materials Photonic Crystals Superconducting Metamaterials Magnetic Nanocomposites ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS OVERALL MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION MARKET SIZE FIGURE 1 TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS, ($ MILLIONS) TYPES OF METAMATERIALS TABLE 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS BY MATERIAL TYPE, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 2 TRENDS IN THE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY METAMATERIAL TYPE, (% OF TOTAL MARKET)... 19

2 END USES TABLE 3 GLOBAL MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS BY END-USE SECTOR, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 3 TRENDS IN THE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY END USE, (% OF TOTAL MARKET) CHAPTER FOUR: ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AUTOMOTIVE RADAR AIRBORNE ANTENNAS MARKETS SUMMARY TABLE 4 MARKET FOR ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 4 TRENDS IN THE ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS MARKET, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 5 TRENDS IN THE ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, (% OF TOTAL MARKET) AUTOMOTIVE RADAR TABLE 5 MATERIALS CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATED WITH AUTOMOTIVE RADAR APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) AIRBORNE ANTENNAS TABLE 6 AIRBORNE ANTENNAS AND RELATED MARKET FOR METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS TABLE 7 GLOBAL MARKET FOR 4G DATA COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND POTENTIAL SUCCESSOR TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 8 SMART ANTENNAS AND THE RELATED MARKET FOR ARTIFICIAL DIELECTRICS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER FIVE: NEGATIVE REFRACTION MEDIA: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES FIGURE 6 NEGATIVE REFRACTION EXAMPLES Copper-Fiberglass Media Gold Nanorods Layered Ferromagnets... 35

3 Nanoscale Silver Silver Thin Films Nanoscale Silver Mesh Structure Nanoscale Grid of Coupled Silver Tubes Silver Nanowires Embedded in Alumina Silicon Nitride/Silver/Gold Prism Sandwich Yttrium Vanadate Crystals Teflon-Ceramic-Copper Capacitor Material Naturally Occurring Negatively Refractive Materials APPLICATIONS OPTICAL MICROSCOPY PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY DATA STORAGE OTHER POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS MARKETS SUMMARY TABLE 9 MARKET FOR NEGATIVELY REFRACTIVE METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 7 TRENDS IN THE NEGATIVELY REFRACTIVE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, (% OF TOTAL MARKET) FIGURE 7 (CONTINUED) OPTICAL MICROSCOPES TABLE 10 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN OPTICAL MICROSCOPY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) NEAR-FIELD PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY TABLE 11 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) DATA STORAGE TABLE 12 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN DATA STORAGE APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TABLE 13 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN MRI APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Continued) CHAPTER SIX: ACTIVE TERAHERTZ METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES FIGURE 8 SPLIT-RING RESONATOR APPLICATIONS NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING MEDICAL IMAGING Intraoperative Imaging... 51

4 Skin Cancer Detection Clinical Dentistry AIRPORT SECURITY Airport Security (Continued) MARKETS SUMMARY TABLE 14 MARKET FOR THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 9 TRENDS IN THE THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, (% OF TOTAL MARKET) AIRPORT SECURITY TABLE 15 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ AND OTHER AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ AND OTHER RADIOGRAPHIC NDT EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) MEDICAL IMAGING TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 18 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ-ACTIVE METAMATERIALS IN MEDICAL IMAGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) Intraoperative Imaging TABLE 19 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INTRAOPERATIVE IMAGING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 10 INTRAOPERATIVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES MARKET SHARES, 2010 (%) TABLE 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR INTRAOPERATIVE THZ IMAGING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) Skin Cancer Detection TABLE 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ SKIN CANCER IMAGING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) Clinical Dentistry TABLE 22 GLOBAL MARKET FOR THZ DENTAL CARIES IMAGING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER SEVEN: CHIRAL MATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS FIGURE 11 CHIRALITY PROPERTIES Electromagnetic Chiral Metamaterials Optical Activity... 64

5 Circular Dichroism Negative Refraction Artificial Magnetism Enantioselectivity EXAMPLES Optically Active Chiral Metamaterials FIGURE 12 OPTICALLY ACTIVE CHIRAL METAMATERIAL Asymmetric Catalysts APPLICATIONS POLARIZATION CODING OF QUANTUM INFORMATION CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION Chemical and Pharmaceutical Production (Continued) Chemical and Pharmaceutical (Continued) MARKETS SUMMARY TABLE 23 MARKET FOR CHIRAL METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 13 TRENDS IN THE CHIRAL METAMATERIALS MARKET, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 14 TRENDS IN THE CHIRAL MATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, (% OF TOTAL MARKET) QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING TABLE 24 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN QUANTUM ENCRYPTION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY TABLE 25 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CATALYSIS TABLE 26 METAMATERIALS MARKET IN CATALYSIS APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) Pharmaceuticals TABLE 27 CONSUMPTION OF ASSYMETRIC CATALYSTS IN PHARMACEUTICALS PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 15 TRENDS IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET FOR ASYMMETRIC CATALYSTS, ($ MILLIONS) Other Chemicals TABLE 28 CONSUMPTION OF ASSYMETRIC CATALYSTS IN OTHER CHEMICALS PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER EIGHT: PHOTONIC CRYSTALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES... 78

6 FIGURE 16 PHOTONIC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Two-dimensional Versus Three-dimensional Crystals FIGURE 17 2D VERSUS 3D PHOTONIC CRYSTALS Defects FIGURE 18 PHOTONIC CRYSTAL POINT DEFECT Static Versus Tunable Crystals COMPOSITION FABRICATION Micromachining Microlithographic Techniques Layer-by-layer Fabrication FIGURE 19 WOOD PILE STRUCTURE Autocloning FIGURE 20 AUTOCLONED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE Holographic Lithography Multibeam Interference Lithography Glancing Angle Deposition Stack Methods Low-temperature Deposition Self-assembly Opal Method Other Self-assembly Techniques Drawing and Extruding APPLICATIONS FIBER LASERS FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES SENSORS OPTICAL COMPUTING DATA STORAGE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ADD/DROP FILTERS Optical Communications Add/Drop Filters (Continued) SOLAR CELLS OTHER APPLICATIONS MARKETS SUMMARY TABLE 29 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 21 GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL METAMATERIALS, ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 22 TRENDS IN THE PHOTONIC CRYSTALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, (%) FIBER LASERS

7 TABLE 30 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBER USED IN FIBER LASER APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 31 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FIBER LASERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES TABLE 32 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS LEDS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 33 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS IN THE FABRICATION OF HB-LEDS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) SOLAR CELLS TABLE 34 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED PHOTOVOLTAICS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) DATA STORAGE TABLE 35 MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED DATA STORAGE PRODUCTS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) SENSORS TABLE 36 GLOBAL MARKET FOR QUANTUM DOTS IN BIODETECTION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FLUORESCENCE ENHANCERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) OPTICAL COMPUTING TABLE 38 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE PROCESSORS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 39 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE ALL- OPTICAL PROCESSORS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS TABLE 40 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-BASED DISPLAYS AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF PHOTONIC CRYSTAL MATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS ADD/DROP FILTERS TABLE 41 GLOBAL MARKET FOR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL ADD/DROP FILTERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER NINE: SUPERCONDUCTING METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES EXAMPLES END USES HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS High-Performance Computers (Continued) ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION WIRES

8 MARKETS SUMMARY TABLE 42 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING POLYMER METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 23 TRENDS IN THE SUPERCONDUCTING POLYMER METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, (% OF TOTAL MARKET) FIGURE 23 (CONTINUED) HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTERS TABLE 43 GLOBAL MARKET FOR SPECIALIZED HPC PROCESSORS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 44 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING INTEGRATED CIRCUITS USED IN QUANTUM AND OTHER HIGH- PERFORMANCE AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION WIRES TABLE 45 MARKET FOR SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRIC TRANSMISSION WIRES AND RELATED CONSUMPTION OF METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER TEN: EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES FABRICATION Consolidation of Nanoparticles into Monolithics Severe Plastic Deformation EXAMPLES Nanostructured Steel High-Strength Titanium END USES MEDICAL DEVICES Surgical Needles High-strength Medical and Dental Implants STEEL COATINGS AND STRUCTURAL STEEL MARKETS SUMMARY TABLE 46 MARKET FOR EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 24 TRENDS IN THE EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, (% OF TOTAL MARKET) MEDICAL DEVICES TABLE 47 MEDICAL DEVICE MARKET FOR EXTREME-PARAMETER METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS)

9 Surgical Needles TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL SUTURE NEEDLES, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) High-strength Medical and Dental Implants TABLE 49 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF CONVENTIONAL AND NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM IN MEDICAL IMPLANTS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) STEEL COATINGS AND STRUCTURAL STEEL TABLE 50 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) Steel Coatings TABLE 51 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED STEEL COATINGS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) Structural Steel TABLE 52 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED STRUCTURAL STEEL, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER ELEVEN: MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES FABRICATION END USES MAGNETIC REFRIGERATORS SPINTRONICS MARKETS TABLE 53 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER TWELVE: ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS: MATERIALS, END USES, AND MARKETS, MATERIALS PROPERTIES FABRICATION END USES ULTRASOUND IMAGING ACOUSTIC CLOAKS SEISMIC PROTECTION MARKETS SUMMARY TABLE 54 MARKET FOR ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 25 TRENDS IN THE ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET BY APPLICATION TYPE, (%)

10 FIGURE 25 (CONTINUED) ULTRASOUND IMAGING TABLE 55 METAMATERIALS MARKET FOR ULTRASOUND IMAGING APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) NOISE BARRIERS TABLE 56 ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET IN OUTDOOR NOISE BARRIERS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) SEISMIC PROTECTION TABLE 57 ACOUSTIC METAMATERIALS MARKET IN SEISMIC PROTECTION APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2021 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER THIRTEEN: COMPANY PROFILES ALIGHT TECHNOLOGIES APS ALPS ELECTRIC CO., LTD COLOSSAL STORAGE CORP FIANIUM, LTD ICX TECHNOLOGIES INFRAMAT CORP JEM ENGINEERING, LLC LUMINUS DEVICES, INC LUXTERA, INC NEOMAX COMPANY, LTD OMNIGUIDE, INC NANOSTEEL COMPANY, INC NEWPORT CORPORATION NKT PHOTONICS A/S OMNIGUIDE, INC OPALUX INC PHOTEON TECHNOLOGIES GMBH PHOTONIC LATTICE, INC RAYSPAN, INC ROOM TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS, INC SANDVIK MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY AB TERAVIEW, LTD VACUUMSCHMELZE GMBH APPENDIX: PATENT ANALYSIS FIGURE 26 RECENT U.S. METAMATERIALS-RELATED PATENTS ISSUED TO 11/15/1011 (%) TABLE 58 MAJOR U.S. METAMATERIALS PATENTS, TO NOVEMBER 15, REFERENCES REFERENCES REFERENCES (CONTINUED)

11 REFERENCES (CONTINUED)