Nanotechnology: Today and tomorrow

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1 Nanotechnology: Today and tomorrow Horst-Günter Rubahn NanoSYD Mads Clausen Instituttet Syddansk Universitet Alsion Sønderborg

2 Agenda Alsion A bit about nano Nanoproducts Top down vs. bottom up The future

3 How small is nano? nature technology blood 10-5 m MEMS Micro 10-6 m IC Meso 10-7 m DNA 10-8 m Carbon nanotube Nano atoms 10-9 m quantum corral

4 Can we see nano? In principle NO! λ/2 limit Use non-visual methods... Laser Eiffel tower... 4-element photodiode (Bending and shear detection) piezoscanner (xyz) Las er Cantilever Sample

5 Can we see nano? We need models and a thorough understanding of the basic physics to handle (image, manipulate) the nano scale.

6 Can we handle nano? nano is everything below 100 nm 1.2 x 10-9 m 1.2 x 10-1 m 1.2 x 10 7 m compared to a football it is like the football compared to the world There is a whole new world in a football filled with nanoobjects.

7 How relevant is nano? Lots and lots of beautiful images Also lots of labeling and niche products: Car paints, antifog glasses, health care, drug delivery, cosmetics nano is a sum of many (1000) diverse products D.Eigler, IBM

8 A bit nano-statistics 1200 Product number USA East Asia Europe Other YEAR

9 A bit nano-statistics health home IT food coatings automotive

10 Categorize nano-products Particles medico & cosmetics,sprays quantum dots food (especially functional food) Fibers textiles (polymers) composite materials (carbon nanotubes) sensors Layers coatings (super-hydrophobic or hydrophilic, thin films, emballage) magnetic storage light emitting layers Structures ICs lasers and light diodes biomimetic nanostructures

11 Example1: Learn from Nature Superhydropobic and superhydrophylic surfaces superhydrophob Frauenmantel superhydrophil

12 The lotus effect: self cleaning surfaces antiwetting surfaces Micro- and nanostructures (e.g., rough metal film with nanoneedles)

13 Example 2: learn from atom spectroscopy Quantum dots: non-bleaching, clear colored liquids nanoparticles behave like artificial atoms with simple term schemes VDI & BMF: journey into nanocosmos

14 Did we really have to use nano? VDI & BMF: journey into nanocosmos

15 How to prepare nano-products The natural way......and the technical way.

16 How to prepare nano-products 0D-Particles Grinding Gas condensation Chemistry (reduction, gel, colloids etc.) Surface growth 2D-Layers, Films... Physical Growth Chemical Growth Implantation 1D-Lines, Fibers, Tubes... Surface growth Solution growth 3D-Structures Lithography + layer growth Beam milling + layer growth

17 Top down vs. bottom up nanotechnology sculpt from bulk organic molecular nanotechnology assemble from nano building blocks

18 Top down technology: Cleanroom at Alsion Lithography Etching techniques Material deposition Characterisation Processing Characterization

19 Silicon wafer treatment 500 µm moisture sensor

20 Moore's law transistors per processor year

21 Limits lateral structures: 20 nm difficult to etch smaller electrically leaky silicon causes short circuits massive heating problems Intel vertical structures: 1 nm no clearly defined boundary, diffusion of atoms, tunneling problems plus others...

22 Bottom up technology at Alsion Organic nanofibers and ultrathin organic films Surface growth of nanoaggregates - nanofibers from organic molecules

23 Bottom up technology at Alsion Organic nanofibers and ultrathin organic films Surface growth of nanoaggregates - nanofibers from organic molecules Transfer of nanofibers Integration of nanofibers as active optical elements into devices

24 Device applications 1: nanolaser The Maiman laser from 1960: Flash tube and the experimental proof: Ruby 1 cm It's nano pendant: 100 nm

25 Device applications 2: nano frequency doublers The idea: λ λ/2 and the two-dimensional image The data: Intensity [arb.units] MOP4NH 2 p6p MOP4Cl Wavelength [nm]

26 Future potential of the technology OLEDs, OFETs, OLEFETs... VCSELs as existing nano-light sources μm 10 μm VDI & BMF: journey into nanocosmos

27 Nano in the future Integrated nano-circuits/bottom-up technology NanoIT-technology MEMS and NEMS Batteries and solarcells: Energy technology Nano-Optics Medico and biotechnology Foodtechnology

28 Nano in the future Integrated nano-circuits/bottom-up technology NanoIT-technology MEMS and NEMS

29 Nano-IT Single electron transistor / molecular electronics Quantum computing Use the state of individual particles to represent a bit. The state is a wavefunction, leading to additional phase information, interference etc. Drewsen, Aarhus

30 Nano in the future Combine ultrasmall with ultrafast the nano football and his parts move fast (1 m/s = 1 nm/ns) modern lasers are ultrafast: femtoseconds (10-15 s)

31 Nano in the future nano is interdisciplinary different scientific disciplines take advantage from progress in other disciplines borders become transparent Bottom up technology (self assembly) on top down fabricated platforms Employ quantummechanical phenomena in IT Optical circuits (nanophotonics) Selective medicin Dynamics and complexity on the nanoscale nano on a 'large scale': bulk applications medicine, food and energy

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