NOTODONTID MOTH PONCETIA LACRIMISA DD/CTA SP.N. 33
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3 NOTODONTID MOTH PONCETIA LACRIMISA DD/CTA SP.N. 33 Figure I. Tarsolepis elephantorum, para type. Figure 2. Megashachia brunnea equidarum stat. & comb. n. Figure 3. Poncetia bhulanica, holotype. Figure 4. Poncelia bhutanica, Nepal. Figures 5, 6. Poncetia albistriga.
4 34 HANS BANZIGER Figures 7,8. Poncetia huaykaeoensis, paratypes. Figure 9. Poncetia bovoculosugens, ho1otype. Figure 10. Poncetia siamica, paratype. Figures 11, 12. Poncetia doisuthepica, ho1otype, paratype.
5 NOTODONTID MOTH PONCET/A LACR/MISADDICTA SP.N Figures Poncetia lacrimisaddicta sp. n., paratype (enlarged) (13), holotype (14), paratype (15).
6 36 HANS BANZIGER 16 Figures c5 genitalia of Poncetia lacrimisaddicta sp. n., with the arm of th e uncus seen laterally (17), variation of the basal lobe (1 8), a sketch of the basal lobe folded in (reduced)(l9), aedeagus (20), variation of the aedeagus seen from th e other side, with corn uti (21), and 8th sternite and tergite (reduced) (22).
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12 42 HANS BANZIGER Figure 25. P. lacrimisaddicta at the nearly closed eye of a zebu. Due to the irritation caused by the moth's claw, the host tries to dislodge the intruder: note the fold bulging over the host's inner eyelid angle, just before squeezing the moth. Further clarification in Fig. 27. Figure 26. P. lacrimisaddicta being squeezed by the fold which bulges over the eye. The moth tries to extricate itself. Even if successful, it will not fly off but persist in drinki'ng tears when the fold returns to its normal position. Further clarification in Fig. 28.
13 NOTODONTID MOTH PONCETIA LACRIM/SA DDICT;i SP.N Figure 27. Drawing clarifying the action shown in Fig. 25. Figure 28. Drawing clarifying the acti on shown in Fig. 26. E = eye; el = eyelid; f = fold; 111 = moth. are probably the only places in N. Thailand where Himalayan floristic and faunistic elements have remained established to any significant extent and, indeed, for some species they represent their southernmost distribution limits. Moreover, a substantial number of endemics seem to have evolved through adaptation to the particular environment prevalent there. Doi Chiang Dao, the home of the new P. lacrimisaddicta, shelters some of the most striking endemic flora and fauna of all Thailand; possibly it is Thailand's most important refugium for relict species of past glaciations. The crest of the mountain, horse-shoe shaped and 10 km long, includes 17 peaks and ridges above 2000 m; in terms of altitude, 11 of them rank from the third (2220 m) to the thirteenth (2160 m) highest points in Thailand (if the next highest, an unnamed peak of 2150 m 65 km SW of Kamphaengphet, is correct). Coupled with this is the fact that Doi Chiang Dao is a limestone massif. These are known to have an unusual flora, both because of the chemical composition of their rocks and soils, and because of their fractured and deeply eroded configuration- sharp, often steep, cliffs with crevices, dolines, caves, narrow gullies, etc. Exposure to rain, sun, and wind makes the climate there particularly harsh, and the cold may be the most decisive factor, considering the tropical setting of Doi Chiang Dao. Some species have survived there, and only there, as so-called relicts on cold 'islands' when after the last ice age the climate became warmer again. In other species, only part of the population remained trapped there during their northbound retreat, while the bulk reached their present day, more northerly distribution in China and S. E. Himalaya. Among plants a typic a ~ example for the latter is the vine Stephania subpeltata H. S. Lo (Menispermaceae) described from S. W. China; the only other place where the plant is known to occur is a very restricted area at 2050 m on Doi Chiang Dao where the present author found it in April1980 (BANZIGER, unpubl.; FORMAN, 1988). An insect example is the ravishing Bhutan Glory butterfly (Bhutanitis lidderdali (Atkinson)) likewise known in Thailand only from the upper reaches of this mountain
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