Climates of Earth. Lesson Outline LESSON 1. A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region.

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1 Lesson Outline LESSON 1 A. What is climate? 1. is the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region. 2. Climate depends on how average weather conditions throughout the year. B. What affects climate? 1. How far the region is from the equator, or its, helps control climate. a. Regions near the receive more solar energy per unit of surface area annually and thus have warmer temperatures. b. regions receive less solar energy per unit of surface area annually and have cold temperatures. 2. The height above Earth s surface, or, affects climate. Temperature as altitude increases. 3. influence climate because they block prevailing winds. a. A(n) is an area of low rainfall on the downwind slope of a mountain. b. On the side of mountains that is exposed to the precipitation, amounts of vegetation grow. c. In a rain shadow, the climate is. C. Large Bodies of Water can be sparse. 1. The high of water causes climates along coastlines to remain more constant than inland climates. a. Specific heat is the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the of 1 kg of a material 1 C. b. The specific heat of water is about times the specific heat of sand. 10 Climate

2 Lesson Outline continued 2. also can modify climate; a warm current brings D. Classifying Climates temperatures to land. 1. There are five climate types, based on regional temperature, precipitation, and. a. A(n) climate is cold year-round and has little precipitation. b. A dry climate has little, hot summers, and cooler winters. c. A(n) climate has warm summers, cold winters, and moderate amounts of precipitation. d. A(n) climate has high precipitation and is warm year-round. e. A(n) climate has high precipitation, warm summers, and mild winters and is humid. 2. A(n) is a localized climate that is different from the climate of the surrounding region. a. A common microclimate is the heat island. The absorbs heat, raising the temperature of the area. b. microclimates are often cooler and less windy than the surrounding countryside. 3. Organisms other than humans are to certain climates and would not survive in other climates. 4. Temperature and precipitation affect the grown in an area. 5. Climate affects how humans design. Climate 11

3 Content Practice B LESSON 1 Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Some terms might be used more than once or not at all. altitude climate latitude localized ocean current precipitation rain shadow solar energy specific heat weather 1. Climate is the long-term average conditions that occur in a particular region. 2. The amount of per unit of Earth s surface is related to latitude. 3. A tall mountain has a cold, snowy climate because of its. 4. An area of low rainfall on the downward slope of a mountain is called a(n). 5. The amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 C is the material s. 6. The climates along coastlines remain more constant than those in the middle of a continent because water has a high. 7. The Gulf Stream is a warm that modifies climate. 8. A microclimate is a(n) climate that is different from the climate of the larger area surrounding it. 9. Climate is classified based on, temperature, and native vegetation. 14 Climate

4 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Key Concept Why is one climate different from another? Sun 40 0 Earth 40 Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question or respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. What do the numbers in the diagram represent? 2. What is the latitude of the equator? 3. Summarize what this diagram shows about the effect of latitude on the amount of solar energy per unit of Earth s surface area. 4. How does latitude affect climate? 5. What other areas have a climate similar to the climate near the poles? Climate 17

5 Key Concept Builder LESSON 1 Key Concept How are climates classified? Directions: Respond to each statement on the lines provided. 1. List the three factors Wladimir Köppen used to classify the world s climates in Give an example that explains the connection between native vegetation and climate. Directions: Complete this climate chart by writing the temperature and amount of precipitation for each climate type. The first one has been completed for you. Earth s Climates Climate Type Temperatures Amount of Precipitation Tropical climate warm year-round high Mild climate Dry climate Continental climate Polar climate Climate 19