DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WATER LEVEL DETECTOR WITH PUMP CONTROL

Transcription

1 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WATER LEVEL DETECTOR WITH PUMP CONTROL RAFIQ AISHAT OMOLOLA 2005/22089EE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE. NOVEMBER, 2010.

2 DESIGN AND CONSTRU TION OF A WATER LEVEL DETECJOR WITH PUMP CONTI OL RAFIQ AISHAT OMOLOLA 2005/22089E A PROJECT SUBM ITTED TO TIlE DEPARTMENT or ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEElUNG, FEDERAL UN lverslty OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA. NI(iLi{ STi'\T I ~. NOVEMBER. 20IU.

3 DEDICATION This project is dedicated to God Almighty, for bringing me this far, my mother, Mrs F.T Rafiq, my sisters; Aunty Bose, Habibat, Maimunat and my little brother Mayowa (Sir Dave) for their,care, support, prayers and unending love. May Almighty God continue to bless and keep you all. ii

4 DECLARATION I, Rafiq Aisha Omolola, declare that this work was done by me and has never been presented elsewhere for the award of a degree. I also hereby relinquish the copyright to the Federal University of Technology, Minna '".. s..~~.0?~... :?~ 1C... (Name of Student) ~ ~ ilj.. o ;~ (Signature and Date) (Name of Supervisor) ~ d~ / ~. I~ -/ 1 - '-6 co' (Signature and Date).. ~.~. ~.. Q(.fr.~.1..Lv r ~ \;:"\ &t~~.. A ()I (Name ofh.o.d) \A/1.~~...c~)~~~ \.:x... l.~ (Name ofextemal Examiner)... ( IL((~ (Signature and Date) (Signature and Date) iii

5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My profound gratitude goes to God Almighty, the creator of the heavens and the earth, for the protection, guidance, blessings and unconditional love he has bestowed upon me until this day. I pray he continues to bless and guide me in the many years to come. My gratitude also goes to my supervisors, Mr. Zubaina Suleiman and Mallam Ishiaku Saleh who with their valuable pieces of professional advice and kind interactions during the course of this project piloted me through to make it a success. I would also like to acknowledge and appreciate the efforts of my level advisers Engr. M.Z Adamu and Mr. Tola throughout the course of my study. Also, I would like to thank all the lecturers of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department for the knowledge imparted upon me throughout the course of my study. Lastly, I would like to express my appreciation to Adeshina Adebusuyi, Titilayo Yusuf, Tomilola Amudipe and Motunrola Ogeroju for their unending care and support, may God bless you all. iv

6 ABSTRACT This project, design and construction of a digital water level detector with pump control, is an instrument that indicates the level of water in a tank indicating the following levels; 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. It makes use of a seven-segment display to display the ranges. It has an alarm that gives a beeping sound when water is at the ()O/O level and a continuous sound for ten seconds at the 100% level of the tank. The project is microcontroller based, that is, aside from the power supply unit, all other units are controlled by the microcontroller. All the ideas used were born out of the need to have knowledge of the quantity of water in a tank and also to reduce the stress that a human operator has to go through in order to observe the level of water in a tank at any point in time. Also, it is necessary to avoid water wastage caused when there is an overflow of water from a tank or water storage level. The project was carried out using commonly available and inexpensive components and satisfactory results were obtained. v

7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Declaration ii Dedication iii Acknowledgement iv Abstract v Table of Contents VI List of Tables IX List of Figures x CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General Background 1.2 Aims and Objectives 1.3 Methodology 1.4 Limitations 1.5 Source of material CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Brief History of Water Level Measurement 5 vi

8 2.2 Theoretical Background Transistors Resistors Buzzer Seven - Segment Display Decade Counters Unique Properties Principle Of Operation 11 CHAPTER THREE 3.0 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 3.1 Power Supply Unit Power Transfonner Unit Calculations Rectification Unit Calculations Filtering Unit Calculations Power Regulating Unit 18 vii

9 3.5.1 Calculation 3.6 Microcontroller Unit Water Detection Unit Construction Tools And Materials Construction Details Construction Precautions 22 CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 PROJECT TESTS AND RESULTS 4. 1 Tests Results Discussion Of Results Problems Encountered Project Casing 25 CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusion Recommendation 26 REFERENCES 27 viii

10 LIST OF TABLES 4.1 Seven-Segment Display Results ix

11 LIST OF FIGURES Fig 2.1 NPN Transistor and PNP Transistor Fig 2.2 Diagram and Symbol Of Resistor Fig 2.3 Diagram and Symbol Of Buzzer Fig 3.1 Block Diagram Of Power Supply Unit Fig 3.2 Circuit Diagram Of Power Supply Unit Fig 3.3 Diagram Of Power Supply Unit x