Europe-Japan Space Science Collaboration. Saku Tsuneta Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

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1 Europe-Japan Space Science Collaboration Saku Tsuneta Institute of Space and Astronautical Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency March 7, 2018

2 JAXA recent science missions HAYABUSA Asteroid Explorer UK HINODE(SOLAR-B)2006- Solar Observation KAGUYA(SELENE) Lunar Exploration AKATSUKI Venus Meteorology IKAROS 2010 Solar Sail Hisaki 2013 Planetary atmosphere DLR/CNES HAYABUSA Asteroid Explorer ESA Hitomi(ASTRO-H) 2016 X-Ray Astronomy Arase (ERG) 2016 Van Allen belt probe

3 ASTRO-H to X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM)

4 Hayabusa 2 Sample return from a primordial asteroid Ryugu (formerly 1999JU3). Small lander MASCOT provided by DLR/CNES for surface spectroscopy with microscope. Small Carry-on Impactor to expose fresh subsurface materials 4

5 Mission Roadmap for JAXA Space Science and Exploration Projects Category Strategic Large Class Bepi Colombo XARM MMX LiteBIRD OR SPICA AO Release Trojan SPS Competitive Medium Class AO Release SLIM Destiny+ scheduled Launch scheduled Launch scheduled Launch scheduled Launch scheduled Launch MoO JUICE CAESAR (Comet Astrobiology Exploration Sample Return) ATHENA

6 JAXA Astrophysics Strategy XARM ESA X-ray Astronomy Recovery Mission (XARM) ESA Inflation Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) Big Bang Dark Ages 1st Stars Present Europe Seed of the Structure of Universe Light satellite for the studies of B- mode polarization and Inflation from cosmic background Radiation Detection(LiteBIRD)

7 ESA-JAXA SPICA for ESA M5 Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics SPICA is optimized for mid- and far-ir astronomy. SPICA unveils the dusty era in the Universe (evolution of galaxies), and finds a route to habitable planets (formation of planetary systems). SPICA is launched at ambient temperature, and cooled down in space. The cryo-cooler system is a key heritage of JAXA ASTRO-H. To be proposed to the ESA M5 slot as an ESA-led mission. Baseline specifications Telescope: 2.5 m aperture cooled <8 K Core wavelength: mm Orbit Launcher Launch Year : S-E L2 Halo Orbit : JAXA H3 Vehicle : Late 2020s

8 10-15 SOFIA SPICA Sensitivity Dramatic improvement AKARI FIS-FTS Limiting Line Flux (5σ-1hr) / Wm AKARI IRC R=25000 JWST/MIRI R=3000 Spitzer SPICA R=300 HERSCHEL SPICA/SAFARI 2010's 100 Improvement 2020's ALMA Wavelength / µm

9 LiteBIRD JAXA s strategic large mission candidate In Phase-A1 (~2 years) for concept development CMB polarization all-sky surveys for testing cosmic inflation One of top-priority science goals in JAXA roadmap δr < for full success (w/o delensing) Launch in w/ JAXA s H3 rocket for 3-year observations at L2 Heritages from JAXA s cryogenic satellites JAXA Phase-A1 team experience: X-ray satellites, CMB exp., large-scale projects (in high energy physics, ALMA) Strong support from community in Japan Listed as a top-priority large-scale project in Master Plan 2017 of Science Council of Japan International project Planck legacies/lessons learned (Europe) High Frequency Telescope (Europe) Expertise of US team in CMB projects Readout electronics in Canada Crossed Dragone LFT mirrors LiteBIRD (2 ell 200) TES array ST/JT coolers

10 ISAS Astrophysics and fundamental physics 2020s Lead cryogenic astrophysics missions z>>10 Hot and Energetic Universe Cosmic Microwave Background and Inflation Redshift (z) z=3 z=0.5 ATHENA(ESA-led) Charm (JAXA-led) LiteBIRD (JAXA-led) under assessment Galaxy Evolution Formation of Solar Systems SPICA(ESA-led) m m m (X-ray) (IR) (Milli-wave) Wavelength (m) 10

11 ESA/CNES-JAXA 11

12 ESA-JAXA BepiColombo The two spacecraft mission to the mysterious planet Mercury comprehensive observation of Mercury s magnetic field, magnetosphere, interior, and surface layer. First full-scale international joint mission between Japan and the European Space Agency (ESA) Launch (Arian 5) 2025 Arrival at Mercury ESA: Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) (Full-sphere measurements of Mercury s surface topography, mineral and chemical composition, and gravitational field) JAXA: Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) (Dedicated observations of solar wind, magnetic field, magnetosphere, atmosphere and space weather effects)

13 ISAS Planetary science 2020s Lead sample & return SPICA(ESA-led) BepiColombo MMO(ESA-led) Solar-power sail to Jupiter Trojan asteroids (JAXA-led) under assessment Martian Moons explorer(mmx) (JAXA-led) SLIM Moon landing (JAXA-led) JUICE (ESA -led) Asteroid Sample Return Hayabusa, Hayabusa2 (JAXA-led) 13

14 Martian Moons exploration = MMX MMX will make close-up remote sensing and in situ observations of both moons, and return samples from Phobos. Martian moons: Phobos,Deimos CNES, NASA DLR?, ESA? Launch Arrival at Mars Sampling Departure Return to Earth

15 DLR CNES DLR CNES JAXA 15

16 Exploring Gravitational Bodies and SLIM / MMX Mars Initial Exploration Full Scale Exploration Moon Kaguya JAXA Pinpoint Landing Technology Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) (2020) Martian Moon Sample Return (MMX: 2024) Pinpoint Landing Technology Surface Exploration Technology on Gravitational Bodies JAXA Exploring Mars Southern Polar Feasibility study on Mars utilization JAXA (Ice and Water) Science Exploration (Early 2020 s) Exploration for life JAXA Feasibility study on Mars utilization Long-term Science Exploration Full Scale Utilization Long-term JAXA Science Exploration Technology demonstration aiming Mars exploration Various activities on the Moon

17 Fiscal Year Space Science Cooperation with NASA Eurpoe cooperation with NASA cooperation with ESA Operating / Concluded GEOTAIL 92 MUSES-C(HAYABUSA) 03 ASTRO-EII(SUZAKU) 05 ASTRO-F(AKARI) 05 SOLAR-B(HINODE) 06 PLANET-C(AKATSUKI) 10 Under Development Sounding Being considered Rocket HAYABUSA2 14 MMS 14 ASTRO-H 15 BepiColombo 18 SPICA 29 JUICE 22 Cooling Chain Core Technology Program ATHENA 29 Daytime Dynamo 11, 13 DLR-JAXA CLASP 15, CLASP2 18 XARM 22

18 Summary ISAS has been having intimate collaborations with ESA and European nations in growing number of JAXA-led and ESA-led missions. Our partnership has been strengthened and deepened in recent years. Long-term planning is important for large missions. Regular agency-level dialog is essential ingredient for continued collaborations.

19 ESA-JAXA Space Science Collaboration