Light and Telescopes

Transcription

1 Light and Telescopes Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015

2 Quotes & Cartoon of the Day We find them smaller and fainter, in constantly increasing numbers, and we know that we are reaching into space, farther and farther, until, with the faintest nebulae that can be detected with the greatest telescopes, we arrive at the frontier of the known universe. Edwin Powell Hubble

3 COLLEGE OF THE CANYONS Announcements COLLEGE OF THE CANYONS Canyon Country Campus Join us for a Star Party HW Kepler, Gravity Light posted Due 10/15 CoC Star Party Friday STAR FORMATION: Light Beyond The Visible Presented by Dr. Luisa Rebull Research Scientist, SSC and IRSA, IPAC, Caltech Featuring: Hands-on interactive demonstrations and activities COC student clubs and academic departments highlighting innovative approaches to understanding the science that governs the universe Gaze at the stars through a variety of telescopes Friday, OCT :30 p.m. Carl A Rasmussen Amphitheater College of the Canyons Canyon Country Campus Sierra Highway, Santa Clarita, CA Tallest Tower Building Competition Sign-up online! CCC/Pages/StarParty.aspx Food and beverages will be available for purchase For more information visit CANYON COUNTRY

4 Last Class LT EM Spectrum Telescopes & Observatories Light and the Atmosphere Multi-wavelength Astronomy

5 This Class Midterm debrief Multi-wavelength Astronomy Intro to the Solar System

6 Multiwavelength Astronomy Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015

7 Astronomers observe across the Electromagnetic spectrum Gamma rays X-rays the ultraviolet (UV) visible light the infrared (IR) submillimeter & radio

8 WHAT WE LEARN ABOUT AT DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS

9 Infrared: More than Your Eyes Can See

10 Xray & Gamma Ray Astronomy Compton Gamma Ray Observatory Image Credit: NASA Hot objects & violent events matter heated to millions of degrees cosmic explosions, high speed collisions, material moving at extremely high speeds. Black Holes Supernovae White dwarfs & pulsars Hottest part of Sun s atmosphere observatories must be in space

11 Infrared Astronomy Old, cold & dusty objects space based observatories or high-flying aircraft. A few narrow bands from Earth heat radiation from cool objects penetrate thick interstellar dust star-forming regions central areas of our galaxy Cool stars Spitzer Space Telescope NASA/JPL-Caltech/R. Hurt (SSC) cold interstellar clouds star-forming galaxies planets

12 Radio ( & Microwave) Astronomy Very Large Array (VLA) Image courtesy of NRAO/AUI Very cold objects, traces atomic and molecular hydrogen Radiation left over from the Big Bang supernovae quasars interstellar gas and molecules

13 The Solar System Astronomy 1 Elementary Astronomy LA Mission College Spring F2015

14 Key Properties of the Solar System Disk shape (mostly) Orbits lie nearly in a plane Dominant common direction of rotation & revolution

15 Key Properties of the Solar System 2 types of planets Terrestrial/Rocky Dense, inner SS Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

16 Key Properties of the Solar System 2 types of planets Jovian/Gas Giant Low density, outer SS planetary rings, many satellites Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

17 Key Properties of the Solar System Lots of small bodies debris moons, dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, meteoroids, kuiper belt objects Asteroid 243 Ida & Dactyl August 28, 1993 Image Credit: NASA

18 Key Properties of the Solar System Lots of empty space Common age ~4.6 billion years

19 Lots of Empty Space Asteroid belt in movies

20 Lots of Empty Space next nearest asteroid to scale is 15 miles away 1 km asteroid~1 in Asteroid belt real life

21 Neil DeGrasse Tyson on Killer Asteroids

22 SOLAR SYSTEM SCALE & STRUCTURE

23 Contents & Scale of the Solar System Unit of distance for SS is Astronomical Unit or AU 1 AU is distance Earth-Sun Overview of Contents 1 AU = about 150 million kilometers, or 93 million miles The Sun Inner SS & Terrestrial planets & Asteroid Belt (0-~5 AU) Outer SS & Jovian Planets (~5-30 AU) Kuiper Belt (30-50 AU) Heliopause (~230 AU) Voyager spacecraft!!!!!! Oort Cloud (hypothetical) (50, ,000 AU)

24 Anatomy of the Solar System 0-5 AU The Sun Inner SS Mercury Venus Earth/Moon Mars Asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

25 Anatomy of the Solar System The Sun Inner SS Outer SS (5-30 AU) Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

26 Anatomy of the Solar System The Sun Inner SS Outer SS Kuiper Belt/Kuiper-belt objects (KBOs) AU Pluto & other dwarf planets

27 Anatomy of the Solar System Heliopause Termination shock can be considered edge of SS Voyager spacecraft now interstellar! Launched in 1977

28 Video Voyager Goes Interstellar boundary-passed-video.html#ooid=l5ogf5cdp4dtazp2mywjdkkycm- UV7I4

29 Anatomy of the Solar System Oort Cloud (hypothetical)

30 LET S PRACTICE

31 Rank the following in order of increasing radius: I. The Sun II. Jupiter s orbit around the Sun III. Earth s orbit around the Sun IV. The Heliopause A. I, II, III, IV B. IV, II, III, I C. I, III, II, IV D. I, IV, III, II

32 Most of the space in the solar system is filled by A. the Sun B. the terrestrial planets C. the Jovian planets D. empty space

33 WARM-UP QUESTION

34 The Sun has a diameter of approximately 1.4 million kilometers. Roughly how many Earths would fit across the diameter of the Sun? A. 10 B. 100 C D. 10,000 E. 1 million

35 LT SUN SIZE

36 The Sun has a diameter of approximately 1.4 million kilometers. Roughly how many Earths would fit across the diameter of the Sun? A. 10 B. 100 C D. 10,000 E. 1 million

37 Let s Practice

38 The image at right shows a picture of the Sun. The dark spots located on this image are sunspots. How does the size of Earth compare to the size of the sunspot that is identified on the right side of the image of Sun? A. Earth and the sunspot are about the same size. B. The sunspot is much, much larger than Earth. C. The sunspot is much, much smaller than Earth.

39 Which statement do you think best represents the size comparison between the diameter of the Sun and the distance between the Moon and Earth? The Sun s diameter is A. smaller than the distance between the Moon and Earth. B. approximately equal to the distance between the Moon and Earth. C. larger than the distance between the Moon and Earth.

40 If you were to construct a scale model of the solar system that used a 2 cm cherry to represent the Moon, how large of a ball would you need to represent the Sun? A. 4cm B. 30cm C. 110 cm D. 440 cm E. 880 cm

41 WRAP-UP

42 Topic for Next Class Sun, Earth & Moon

43 Reading Assignment Astro: 5&7 Astropedia: 5 & 11

44 Homework Kepler, Gravity & Light due 10/15