Space instrumentation II

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Gillian Parrish
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1 Space instrumentation II Examples of instrument implementations Gunnar Maehlum CEO Integrated Detector Electronics AS G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 1

2 Outline Uses and users of space instruments. Instruments for science looking outward away from the earth: Astro-particle physics. Astronomy. Solar science. Non-earth planetary science. Instruments looking at the earth for: science studying earth space interactions. science studying the earths atmosphere, land and sea. mapping the earth geology, topography and geography. meteorological applications. defense and intelligence applications G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 2

3 Uses and users of space instruments. A majority of instruments are used to gather data for attitude control: the humble star tracker. Almost all satellites use star trackers. Scientific instruments are mainly used to observe the earth and its close environment with space for governmental or commercial purposes. Only a tiny fraction are used for basic scientific studies in Astronomy Astrophysics Solar physics Planetary science G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 3

4 Satellite owner and purpose Satellite purpose Communications 25 % 23 % 2 % 50 % Civil Commercial Government Military 11 % 5 % 7 % 28 % 49 % Earth Observation Technology development Space Science/observation Navigation G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 4

radiation resistance recquirments to the ASICs IDEAS provide IDE3465 ASICs NGRM presented at

5 NGRM Next Generation Radiation Monitor Provide a measurement of the particle radiaton environment around a satellite Flight models manufactured by Thales Alenia Space Thermal and radiation resistance recquirments to the ASICs IDEAS provide IDE3465 ASICs NGRM presented at the RADECS 2013 conference IDE3465 presented at NSS/MIC/RTSD G. Maehlum 5 (IDEAS)

6 Instruments for science looking outward away from the earth Astronomy. Astro-particle physics. Solar science. Non-earth planetaryscience G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 6

7 G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 7

8 G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 8

9 G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 9

10 G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 10

11 Astronomy G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 11

12 G. Maehlum (IDEAS) Image NASA 12

13 Image: G. Maehlum G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 13

14 James Webb focal plane detectors G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 14

15 Astro-particle physics G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 15

integrated circuits to detect cosmic rays Images: NASA The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer AMS

16 Observing the cosmic rays from space AMS uses silicon micrtostrips detectors connected to IDEAS integrated circuits to detect cosmic rays Calet uses photomultiplier tubes connected to IDEAS integrated circuits to detect cosmic rays Images: NASA The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer AMS observatory on the ISS The Calorimetric Electron Telescope, CALET, observatory on the ISS G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 16

17 DAMPE launched dec G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 17

18 X- and gamma ray telescopes and planetary spectrometers G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 18

19 Space based x and gamma ray Observatories Compton cameras Increasing photon energy Gamma coded mask detectors SWIFT INTEGRAL Astro-H X-ray telescopes XMM Newton Astro-H G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 19

Chandra as an example of an x-ray telescope Launched 1991, still active Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope, due primarily to the high angular

20 Chandra as an example of an x-ray telescope Launched 1991, still active Chandra is sensitive to X-ray sources 100 times fainter than any previous X-ray telescope, due primarily to the high angular resolution of the Chandra mirrors. Since the Earth's atmosphere absorbs the vast majority of X- rays, they are not detectable from Earthbased telescopes, requiring a spacebased telescope to make these observations G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 20

21 Some components of Chandra High Resolution Camera, HRC CCD imaging spectrometer, ACIS G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 21

22 NASA s SWIFT MISSION Ideas XA1.2 in orbit since November 2004 and still delivering data G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 22

23 Swift Burst Alert Telescope a coded mask detector for medium energy gamma rays G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 23

24 IDEAS ASICs were Our humble contribution used in the gamma (v2) spectrometer that mapped the moons surface G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 24

25 The University of Bergen chose the IDEAS ASIC and module for their gamma ray detector in the ASIM to be launched this year The instrument will study gamma rays from high altitude lightings The Atmosphere Space Interactions monitor, ASIM on the ISS G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 25

26 Particle radiation from the sun Aurora as seen from our office in nydalen, Oslo, September 2015, Image: G. Maehlum G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 26

27 Planetary particle detectors G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 27

28 IDEAS ASIC are used in 3 instruments on the Bepi Colombo BepiColombo ESA/JAXA mission to Mercury G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 28

29 IDEAS ASICs are used in the RADEM instrument on JUICE This ASIC was custom designed for JUICE. Is designed for 8 years operation in interplanetary coasting and at least 3 years in the tough radiation environment at Jupiter. Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer, ESA s mission to Jupiter Image credits: ESA, EFACEC G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 29

30 Conclusions Almost all modes of interactions between photons and matter is employed in astronomical instruments to cover a 20 order of magnitude energy range. Close to equally many modes are employed to detect particle radiation is space We are far from the end, new detectors are constantly being developed, for for space but also as spin-offs from terrestrial activities G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 30

31 Thank you We have 3 Job opportunities contact gunnar@ideas.no Industrial Ph.D. position in nano electronics. R&D into circuits using 28nm FDSOI process Post doc or engineer position in nano electronics. R&D into circuits using 28nm FDSOI process engineer position in space engineering. Development of instruments and electronics G. Maehlum (IDEAS) 31

Geant4 in JAXA. Masanobu Ozaki (JAXA/ISAS)

Geant4 in JAXA. Masanobu Ozaki (JAXA/ISAS) Geant4 in JAXA Masanobu Ozaki (JAXA/ISAS) Japanese Space Science Missions In Japan, most of fundamental researches relating to the on-orbit radiation environment are carried out for non-commercial (i.e.,