Tadayuki Takahashi JAXA

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1 Space Science Program in JAXA and DECIGO Tadayuki Takahahsi, ISAS/JAXA Tadayuki Takahashi JAXA by Kaguya

2 JAXA JAXA promotes all space development, from basic research to development and utilization. H-IIA Rocket ISAS Japanese Module Kibou

3 H2A H2A202

4 Science Missions in Japan - from the Big Bang to Ourselves - We live in the universe, which has the beginning. Then we should study the history of the universe, to learn about the reason why we are here.

5 To understand the universe - From the Big Bang to Ourselves - X-ray : Best probe to study Extreme Universe. Can be done only in space. ASCA ( ) High resolution imaging by Space VLBI (relativistic jets) VSOP (1997-) Signal from the edge of BH From MCG (Tanaka et al.) Japan/US 105 PhD thesis >1400 journal papers Suzaku 360 μ arcsec@5ghz VSOP-2 (2012) Japan/US Launch 2005 Feb. 38 μ arcsec@43ghz

6 To understand the universe - From the Big Bang to Ourselves - Particle Anti-Particle Birth & Evolution of Galaxies (Infrared : Low Temperature : Less Extinction : High Redshift) AKARI Search for Primordial Antiparticles in Cosmic Rays (Particle Detectors) BESS(J/US) BH Yamamoto et al Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes Annihilation of super-symmetric particles 2006 Survey Mission in IR SPICA at L2 point (>2010) ISO+Hubble

7 To understand the universe - From the Big Bang to Ourselves - From future mission planned at ISAS The best way is to be there. Venus Climate Orbiter (2008) Bepi Colombo MMO (2013) SCOPE/CrossScale (proposed) Solar Wind

8 To understand the universe - From the Big Bang to Ourselves - Subaru ATLAS at LHC (E/J/US) Cangaroo (J/Au) ALMA (J/US/E) SDSS(US/J/G) Telescope Array

9 To understand the universe - From the Big Bang to Ourselves - B-factory CP Violation Neutrino Astronomy/Neutrino Mass Super-KAMIOKANDDE TAMA300 Gravitational Wave KAMLAND

10 Feb The L-4S rocket launched Japan's first satellite, OHSUMI. Space Science in Japan Small but Beautiful

11 Scientists and Engineers in JAXA Bottom up system for Space Science The way to select science missions Working Group Scientists in Universities Community International Partners Discussion Mission Proposal ISAS Government Steering Committee for Space Science Evaluation (MDR/SRR/SDR) Recommendation Feasibirity (incl. Human Resources) ISAS HQ SAC/ MEXT JAXA HQ Budgetary Issue

12 Strategy Hakucho (1979) 90kg Tenma (1983) 220 kg Step-by-step but challengingly progressive strategy Example: X-ray astronomy satellites Small but beautiful Aiming at new results with unique, original mission instruments Ginga (1987) 430 kg International Collaboration with UK/USA ASCA (1993) 420 kg Japan-US international Mission Suzaku with USA M kg M-V ISA

13 International Collaboration (ex. Japan/US) Blue:US Lead ASTRO-H Red:Japan Lead (X-ray) Fermi (2013) (Gamma-ray) Hinode (Solar) Swift (Gamma-ray Burst) Nozomi (Mars Mission) ASCA ( X-ray) Kaguya (Lunar) Suzaku (X-ray) Hayabusa ( Planetary) HAruka ( Radio/VSOP) GEOTAIL (Magnetosphere) 13

14 Suzaku, X-ray Astronomy Satellite Suzaku, X-ray Astronomy Observatory, launched in July, 2005 Highly-sensitive wide-band spectroscopy Open to world-wide scientists through the Guest Observer program and the public archive data. 8% of the observation time goes to European Community through the peer review organized by ESA Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 1st special issue (30 papers) 2008 Publ. Astron. Soc. Japan 2nd special issue (34 papers)

15 Akari, IR Astronomy Satellite Birth & Evolution of Galaxies (Infrared : Low Temperature, Less Extinction, High Redshift) Feb.22/2006 AKARI (Astro-F), the second space mission for infrared astronomy in Japan. It aims for an all-sky survey with much better sensitivity, spatial resolution and wider wavelength coverage than IRAS. AKARI (Astro-F) Survey Mission/ 2006

16 Hinode (SOLAR-B) mission objective: Systems approach to understand generation, transport and ultimate dissipation of solar magnetic fields with 3 well-coordinated advanced telescopes. Solar Optical Telescope SOT 0.2 arcsec vector-magnetic and photometric images EUV Imaging Spectrometer EIS LOS velocity and turbulence maps at log T = 4.7, 5.4, K, Sensitivity ~1% of Alfven velocity X-ray Telescope XRT Sensitive to 1-10MK 1arcsec resolution with high cadence Launched on Sep 23, 2006 by JAXA Japan-US-UK-ESA project Mission Lifetime: > 3 years Orbit: Polar, Sun Synchronous

17 J/US/UK/Eu Launched in Observing the Sun at three different wavelengths. EUV Imaging Spectrometer EIS Solar Optical Telescope SOT Dynamical upward flows of the gas on the solar limb (SOT) X-Ray Telescope(XRT) Fine structures of sunspot (SOT) X-ray morphology of a big flare (left before the flare right During the flare Solar granules: Hinode (left) has great advantage to stable high spatial observations, compared with best seeing site on the ground (right) X-ray jets at the polar region X-ray coronal image of the full Sun (XRT)

18 Scientific Satellites Roadmap (planned) Astronomy mission Solar-tterstrial & Planetary mission

19 Medium Size Mission ASTRO-G X-ray Astronomy 2013 Space VLBI misson to get the highest resolution images of the astronomical objects. Launch year 2012 with HIIA rocket Phase-B from July 2007.

20 Medium Size Mission ASTRO-H X-ray Astronomy 2013 Formerly called as NeXT Launch year 2013 with HIIA rocket Phase-B from July Weight 2.5 t Length 14 m 1. High Resolution Spectroscopy by micro-calorimeter and X-ray CCD 2. Hard X-ray Imaging 3. Gamma-ray Observation

21 Measure Turbulence Merger Shocks and Turbulence particle acceleration non-thermal emission E total = Thermal Suzaku 21 + Bulk + Non-Thermal NeXT (Motl et al. 2004)

22 Large Size Mission (Cosmic Vision) SPICA The next-generation Infrared astronomy mission SPICA Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology & Astrophysics 3.5m cooled telescope mission for mid- and far-infrared astronomy 22

23 JAXA Long Term Vision JAXA s proposal on its initiative and provides the ideal situation of aerospace area in the next 20 years. 2005/April Vision (1) : Contribute to building a secure and prosperous society through the utilization of aerospace technologies Vision (2) : Contribute to advancing our knowledge of the universe and broaden the horizon of human activity Vision (3) : Develop the capability to carry out autonomous space activities through the best technologies in the world Vision (4) : Facilitate growth of the space industry with selfsustenance and world class capability Vision (5) : Facilitate the growth of aviation industry and aim for technological breakthroughs for future air transportation

24 Long term vision for Space Science Observation of the Universe and Exploration of the Solar System Two fundamental questions are defined 1. The origin and composition of the universe; the nature of space time 2. The possibility of life in the universe Within about 10 years Realization of broad multi-wavelength observatories in space and investigations of Moon, Venus and Mercury Within about 20 years Implement missions for observation of the earliest stars and black holes Efforts to build a mission to detect gravitational waves Direct observations of earth-type planets beyond the solar system and exploration of Jupiter-type planets and asteroids Within about 10 years Realizing the Deep Space Harbor concept

25 Furthermore, we could even start a new type of study by setting up a gravity-wave telescope using a laser interferometer, which is qualitatively different study from the conventional astronomy using the electromagnetic waves. About that time, while an exploration satellite would depart for a superior planet, human beings might have expanded the sphere of their activity and be traveling around every corner in the solar system using a new type of power. Moreover, to seek after the origin of the solar system, which we do not know yet to date, and to look for extra-terrestrial lives, we could be conducting explorations using various different methods by directly visiting planets located farthest in the solar system. 25

26 Promoting Research of Space Science Official report by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Key research areas in astrophysics & astronomy Infra Red X-ray Radio Infra Red X-ray + Radio present Important Message in the report It should be also noted that, in the course of the progress of future scientific research, new key areas should be timely selected.? 26

27 Think Big, Start Small

28 SWIMμ Tiny Gravitational Antenna on SDS-1 Launch Feb SDS-1 (piggy back satellite) 1st satellite in a series of JAXA s technological demonstration satellites SWIMμ

29 4.2 Gravitational-Wave Sensor and Digital Feedback System Proof Mass (light-blue bar) Coil (yellow cylinder) Structural view of GW sensor module (excluding frame of the sensor module) Photo sensor (pink and green box) Proof Mass: 50g, Aluminum, 4 magnet attached for actuators Photo Sensors: Infrared LED and PDs Relative displacement measurement Coils: Attached to the frame Environmental sensor On-Chip Gyros and Accelerometers

30 Small Science Satellite Project in Japan 400 kg in low earth orbit Launch 2011 plan to launch 3 satellites in 5 years Other Candidates for TOPS ERG DEOS Small science missions, as quick as possible: How we can develop space crafts in a short time, without losing reliability, with reasonably low cost... DPF And More 30

31 Hope, some day, by a strong Community in Japan DECIGO[1]: Japanese space gravitational-wave antenna proposed for launch in ~ km Pre-conceptual design of DECIGO 31