STATICS AND DYNAMICS

Transcription

1 ENGINEERING MECHANICS STATICS AND DYNAMICS FOURTEENTH EDITION R. C. HIBBELER PEARSON Hoboken Boston Columbus San Francisco New York Indianapolis London Toronto Sydney Singapore Tokyo Montreal Dubai Madrid Hong Kong Mexico City Munich Paris Amsterdam Cape Town

2 CONTENTS - 1 General Principles 3 Chapter Objectives Mechanics Fundamental Concepts Units of Measurement The International System of Units Numerical Calculations General Procedure for Analysis 12 3 Equilibrium of a Particle 87 Chapter Objectives Condition for the Equilibrium of a Particle The Free-Body Diagram Coplanar Force Systems Three-Dimensional Force Systems Force Vectors 11 Chapter Objectives Scalars and Vectors Vector Operations Vector Addition of Forces Addition of a System of Coplanar Forces Cartesian Vectors Addition of Cartesian Vectors Position Vectors Force Vector Directed Along a Line Dot Product 69 4 Force System Resultants 121 Chapter Objectives Moment of a Force-Scalar Formulation Cross Product Moment of a Force-Vector Formulation Principle of Moments Moment of a Force about a Specified Axis Moment of a Couple Simplification of a Force and Couple System Further Simplification of a Force and Couple System Reduction of a Simple Distributed Loading 190 XVII

3 XVIII CONTENTS 5 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body 201 Chapter Objectives Conditions for Rigid-Body Equilibrium Free-Body Diagrams Equations of Equilibrium Two- and Three-Force Members Free-Body Diagrams Equations of Equilibrium Constraints and Statical Determinacy lnternal Forces 343 Chapter Objectives Interna! Loadings Developed in Structural Members Shear and Moment Equations and Diagrams Relations between Distributed Load, Shear, and Moment Cables Structural Analysis 273 Chapter Objectives Simple Trusses The Method of Joints Zero-Force Members The Method of Sections Space Trusses Frames and Machines Friction 401 Chapter Objectives Characteristics of Dry Friction Problems lnvolving Dry Friction Wedges Frictional Forces on Screws Frictional Forces on Fiat Belts Frictional Forces on Collar Bearings, Pivot Bearings, and Disks Frictional Forces on Journal Bearings Rolling Resistance 452

4 CoNTENTS x 1 x 9 Center of Gravity and Centroid 465 Chapter Objectives Center of Gravity, Center of Mass, and the Centroid of a Body Composite Bodies Theorems of Pappus and Guldinus Resultant of a General Distributed Loading Fluid Pressure Virtual Work 581 Chapter Objectives Definition of Work Principle of Virtual Work Principle of Virtual Work for a System of Connected Rigid Bodies Conservative Forces Potential Energy Potential-Energy Criterion for Equilibrium Stability of Equilibrium Configuration Moments of lnertia 529 Chapter Objectives Definition of Moments of lnertia for Areas Parallel-Axis Theorem for an Area Radius of Gyration of an Area Moments of lnertia for Composite Areas Product of lnertia for an Area Moments of lnertia for an Area about lnclined Axes Mohr's Circle for Moments of lnertia Mass Moment of lnertia 563 Appendix A. Mathematical Review and Expressions 616 Fundamental Problems Partial Solutions and Answers 620 Preliminary Problems Statics Solutions 638 Review Problem Solutions 648 Answers to Selected Problems 658 Index 671

5 XX CONTENTS 12 Kinematics of a Particle 3 Chapter Objectives lntroduction Rectilinear Kinematics: Continuous Motion Rectilinear Kinematics: Erratic Motion General Curvilinear Motion Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components Motion of a Projectile Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components Curvilinear Motion: Cylindrical Components Absolute De pendent Motion Analysis of Two Particles Relative-Motion of Two Particles Using Translating Axes Kinetics of a Particle: Force and Acceleration *13.7 Chapter Objectives 113 Newton's Second Law of Motion 113 The Equation of Motion 116 Equation of Motion for a System of Particles 118 Equations of Motion: Rectangular Coordinates 120 Equations of Motion: Normal and Tangential Coordinates 138 Equations of Motion: Cylindrical Coordinates 152 Central-Force Motion and Space Mechanics Kinetics of a Particle: Work and Energy 179 Chaµter Objectives The Work of a Force Principle of Work and Energy Principle of Work and Energy for a System of Particles Power and Efficiency Conservative Forces and Potential Energy Conservation of Energy Kinetics of a Particle: Impulse and Momentum 237 Chapter Objectives Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum Principle of Linear Impulse and Momentum for a System of Particles *15.9 Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles 254 Impact 266 Angular Momentum 280 Relation Between Moment of a Force and Angular Momentum 281 Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum 284 Steady Flow of a Fluid Stre'am 295 Propulsion with Variable Mass 300

6 CONTENTS XX 1 16 Planar Kinematics of a Rigid Body 319 Chapter Objectives Planar Rigid-Body Motion Translation Rotation about a Fixed Axis Absolute Motion Analysis Relative-Motion Analysis: Velocity lnstantaneous Center of Zero Velocity Relative-Motion Analysis: Acceleration Relative-Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes Planar Kinetics of a Rigid Body: Work and Energy 473 Chapter Objectives Kinetic Energy The Work of a Force The Work of a Couple Moment Principle of Work and Energy Conservation of Energy Planar Kinetics of a Rigid Body: Force and Acceleration 409 Chapter Objectives Mass Moment of lnertia Planar Kinetic Equations of Motion Equations of Motion: Translation Equations of Motion: Rotation about a Fixed Axis Equations of Motion: General Plane Motion Planar Kinetics of a Rigid Body: Impulse and Momentum 517 Chapter Objectives Linear and Angular Momentum Principle of Impulse and Momentum Conservation of Momentum 540 *19.4 Eccentric Impact 544

7 XXII CONTENTS 20 Three-Dimensional Kinematics of a Rigid Body 561 Chapter Objectives Rotation About a Fixed Point 561 *20.2 The Time Derivative of a Vector Measured from Either a Fixed or Translating-Rotating System General Motion 569 *20.4 Relative-Motion Analysis Using Translating and Rotating Axes Vibrations 643 Chapter Objectives 643 *22.1 Undamped Free Vibration 643 *22.2 Energy Methods 657 *22.3 Undamped Forced Vibration 663 *22.4 Viscous Damped Free Vibration 66i *22.5 Viscous Damped Forced Vibration 670 *22.6 Electrical Circuit Analogs Three-Dimensional Kinetics of a Rigid Body 591 * *21.4 * Chapter Objectives 591 Moments and Products of lnertia 591 Angular Momentum 601 Kinetic Energy 604 Equations of Motion 612 Gyroscopic Motion 626 Torque-Free Motion 632 Appendix A. Mathematical Expressions 682 B. Vector Analysis 684 C. The Chain Rule 689 Fundamental Problems Partial Solutions and Answers 692 Preliminary Problems Dynamics Solutions 713 Review Problem Solutions 723 Answers to Selected Problems 733 Index 745