A Theorem of Mass Being Derived From Electrical Standing Waves

Transcription

1 A Theorem of Mass Beng Derved From Eletral Standng Waves - by - Jerry E Bayles Ths paper formalzes a onept presented n my book, "Eletrogravtaton As A Unfed Feld Theory", (as well as n numerous related papers), the onept of mass beng the result of standng waves More exatly, the result of eletral standng waves Frst, the eletr mass equaton developed n prevous papers wll be presented n terms related dretly to the rest mass energy of the eletron Ths s done so as to establsh the fat that ordnary parameters suh as the permeablty of free spae, the harge squared of an eletron, and the lass eletron radus dretly establsh the mass of the eletron Then we wll develop an atual standng wave on a transmsson lne of arbtrary load resstane and lne mpedane Usng urrents derved from harge and tme related to frequeny, the mass-gan nvolvng the urrent squared tmes the wavelength squared feature of the developed mass-energy equaton wll be presented Ths suggests that an eletral mass reaton may be nonlnear to the forth power by reason of the urrent squared tmes the wavelength squared Then the naturally negatve mass feature nvolvng the phasor form of purely reatve urrent s presented whh suggests that purely reatve energy has a bult-n negatve mass assoated wth ts feld From that, we launh nto a transmsson lne analyss nvolvng standng waves and examne the results of a standng voltage and urrent wave gven some arbtrary nput voltage, lne mpedane, and load From the urrent dervaton, we utlze the mass-energy equaton to plot a resultng mass wave buldup on the transmsson lne Note that n Mathad, the parameters of the equatons are atve and an be hanged for analyss purposes If you do not have your own Mathad 60+ or later, you an download the Mathad Explorer for free from Mathad webste (Lnk at: Next, the urrent and mass-plot s anmated relatve to dereasng λ/4 wavelength steps to show how the mass bulds to a lmt at one end of the transmsson lne Then the eletr-mass equaton s analyzed for ts relatonshp to fore, momentum, ndutane, (A) vetor, B vetor, Poyntng power, rest mass, and the quantum Hall ohm Fnally, we reah bak to the begnnng statement for the equaton of a standng wave on page (3) and ompare t wth the quantum equaton for a standng wave on page (16) The nearly dental struture of the maro-system equatons verses the quantum system equatons suggests that the method of eletrally reated mass may ndeed be possble The relatve parameters of analyss are presented next

2 The Eletr Equvalent of Mass u o henry m 1 Magnet permeablty m e kg Eletron rest mass q o oul Eletron harge m se 1 Speed of lght n a vauum h joule se Plank onstant l q m Classal eletron radus Let: n q 1 Current multpler for analyss h Let: t x t m x = se eq 1 e n q q o and: q = t q amp eq x Now let: m e u q o ( d ) Solvng for d: eq 3 has solutons) l q m e u o q l q m e u o q Note that the m e term s proportonal to the square of the urrent term sne s a onstant Where: and: l q m e = u o q l q m e = u o q 1 1 m eq 4 m eq 5 Chek: d h m e d = m eq 6 (= Compton wavelength of the eletron)

3 Quantum mass hek of the above: m q d x u o m x = kg eq 7 (= rest mass of the eletron) Note that the mass s proportonal to the urrent squared for a fxed wavelength, d Then related to urrent, the mass would nrease exponentally Let us alulate the effetve mass related to the urrent squared n an antenna wth the followng parameters: Let: ant amp and f ant Hz Then: d ant or, d = f ant m ant Then the effetve mass s gven by: m ant d ant ant u o eq 8 or, m ant = kg (A sgnfant mass nrease over the mass of the eletron) Note that the above marosop effetve mass alulaton now s proportonal to the square of the urrent as well as the square of the wavelength If we onsder the ase for purely ndutve or apatve urrent, then the followng apples: Let: θ π and j sw ant e θ (Indutve ase) then: sw = j amp Then the effetve mass related to purely reatve urrent wave s gven below as: m sw d ant sw u o or, eq 9 m sw = j kg

4 3 Note for a purely reatve urrent wave, the effetve mass s negatve and real Ths mples that a powerful enough wave should be able to reverse the attraton of gravty sne the effetve feld mass s negatve As an example, let us alulate the fore of repulson at the surfae of the Earth for the above mass Frst we establsh related parameters as: G newton m kg Gravtatonal onstant R E m Mean radus of the Earth M E kg Mass of the Earth Then the fore on the surfae of the earth related to the negatve effetve mass alulated above s gven by the equaton below as: G M E m sw F E R E or, eq 10 F E = j newton whh s a real and negatve fore of repulson by reason of the standard equaton result s normally postve and one of attraton If we allow for a 0 or 180 degree (0 or π) n theta above, the fore wll be one of attraton sne the effetve mass wll be postve Insertng a theta (θ) of (π/) or (-π/) wll yeld an effetve negatve mass Then f the top of a UFO style raft had a real omponent feld whle the bottom had a reatve feld, the top would attrat and the bottom would repel other normal mass The followng s an analyss of mass related to a standng wave of urrent n a transmsson lne The voltage and urrents along the lne wth respet to tme are gven by the followng equatons below, whh s the sum of the forward and reverse propagatng waves [1] V z ve V plusve e V plusve I z ve e R j j ω u z V negve e ω u z V negve R e j j ω u z ω u z z = any pont on lne eq 11 eq 1

5 where the V plusve and V negve terms are generally omplex numbers as: 4 V j plusve V mplus e θ V j negve V mneg e θ and [1] Related to the above equatons, varous other parameters are defned as: f Frequeny (Hz) ω f Angular frequeny (rad/se) u Propagaton veloty of transmsson lne (m/se) ζ Atual length of lne (m) R 50 Charaterst Impedane of transmsson lne (ohms) Z L j 0 Load mpedane (ohms) V S 1 j 0 Input soure voltage β ω u Phase onstant where, β = rad/m Note: Odd multples of a quarter wavelength are generally used n the analyss Lne length as fraton of wavelength s gven as: λ u f or, λ = (m) eq 13 The lne length n unts of wavelength s: ζ λ = 15 eq 14 The refleton oeffent at the load and the nput s alulated next: Z L R Γ L Γ = Z L R L ( Load ) eq 15 Next we defne z as any pont along the lne Then: Γ ( z ) Γ L e j β ( z ζ ) whh s the generalzed voltage refleton oeffent eq 16

6 5 Then the refleton oeffent at the nput to the lne s: Γ ( 0 ) = j (Input) eq 17 The voltage standng wave rato (VSWR) s: 1 Γ L VSWR f Γ L 1,, 1 Γ L eq 18 VSWR = The nomnal lne nput mpedane s alulated to be: 1 Γ ( 0 ) Z n R 1 Γ ( 0 ) eq 19 Z n = j (ohms) Next, we determne the tme doman voltage at the lne nput and at the load: Frst the soure end refleton oeffent s alulated as: Z n R Γ S Γ = Z n R S j eq 0 Γ L e R V ( z ) V 1 Γ j β ζ S Γ L e Z n R S e 1 j β ( ζ z ) j β z eq 1 Then the nput V(z) s: V ( ) = (= V n ) eq The nput phase s: arg V ( 0 ) f V ( 0 ) 0, deg, 0 = eq 3

7 6 The load voltage s: Note that the voltage at multples of a V ( ζ ) = quarter-wavelength on the lne s eq 4 equal to the nput voltage tmes the VSWR The load phase s: arg V ( ζ ) f V ( ζ ) 0, deg, 0 = eq 5 Sne we have an expresson for the voltage anywhere on the lne, then the urrent at the load and nput may be expressed as: V ( 0 ) (amp) I n I = Z n j eq 6 n (amp) V ( ζ ) I L I = Z L j eq 7 L The tme average power s gven below as: 1 P av ( ζ ) Re V ( ζ ) I L eq 8 P av ( ζ ) = ( watt ) The plot of phasor doman voltage and urrent s presented below npts 300 z start 0 z end ζ z 0 npts 1 z z end z start start npts 1 Mag V V z (Voltage magntude along the lne from start to end) arg V z Θ V f V z 0,, 0 (Voltage phase along lne) eq 9 deg

8 7 Voltage magntude along the transmsson lne Mag V z Voltage phase along the transmsson lne 100 Θ V z Next the urrent along the transmsson lne may be gven by: Mag I V z 1 Γ z R 1 Γ z eq 30 Equvalent to: I z V z Z z eq 31 Where agan: I n = j I L = j

9 Plot of the urrent along lne 8 00 Mag I z arg Mag I The urrent phase s derved as: Θ I f Mag 0 I,, deg 0 eq 3 The urrent phase plot s provded below as: 00 Θ I Based on the lne amps alulated above at a gven lne length, the effetve feld mass n the transmsson lne an be alulated as: z Mag I z m u o or, eq m z

10 9 If the frequeny s nreased, the mass alulaton wll vary n sne wave fashon, wth eah wave gong through zero and bak to a maxmum Eah maxmum however wll be nreasng logrthmally by the square of the dstane along the lne, or z (Ths s aompaned by an nreasng frequeny) If the frequeny were swept from low to hgh, the nreasng effetve mass nodes and peaks would be pushed along the lne Ths suggests a feld-mass reaton propulson system may be possble Next an anmated plot s generated to show how the mass nreases and at the same tme travels to the rght on the transmsson lne Ths aton would onsttute a mass propulson system, wth the reaton fore beng to the left Frst, we establsh new parameters related to the frequeny nreasng n 1 FRAME f n n ( ) Frequeny (Hz) ω n π f n Angular frequeny (rad/se) β n ω n u Phase onstant The refleton oeffent at the load and the nput s: Z L R Γ L Γ = Z L R L ( Load ) eq 34 Next we agan defne z as some arbtrary pont along the lne Then: Γ ( z ) Γ L e j β ( z ) n ζ eq 35 Then: Γ L e R V ( z ) V j β 1 Γ n ζ Z S Γ L e n R S e 1 j β ( ) n ζ z j β z n eq 36 And: I ( z ) V ( z ) 1 Γ ( z ) R 1 Γ ( z ) Current as a funton of z along the lne eq 37

11 10 Next, the lne urrent s anmated n quarter wavelength multples, (1/4, 3/4, 1 1/4, ---et), n terms of urrent along the length, z The nput s at the left 00 I z z Next, the feld mass s anmated n quarter wavelength multples (1/4, 3/4, 1 1/4, ---et) I z m z u o eq m z The anmatons are saved as Currentav and MassWaveav respetvely To vew these from Mathad, lk on the anmate feature of Mathad and then selet playbak Clk on the fle you wsh to vew The anmatons may also be vewed wth the RealPlayer program ( whh s avalable on the web for free The MassWave fle shows the mass nreasng to a lmt slghtly below 400 kg Also, the bulk of the mass s shfted to the rght sde of the transmsson lne Ths effetvely makes the transmsson lne a feld mass drver to the rght whh would ause a reol of the lne to the left, lke frng a rfle The equaton that s used for alulatng the mass above has some nterestng propertes related to the vetor magnet potental, fore, and energy The followng equatons are all derved from and related to the eletr feld mass energy equaton

12 11 Eletron Compton Rest Mass Energy Constant: u o q E eletron ( d ) E eletron = joule eq 39 and, m e = joule (Eletron rest mass energy) The above an be restated as: u o q o E d eletron t x E eletron = joule eq 40 Eletron Compton Fore Constant: u o q o F d eletron t x F eletron = newton eq 41 Eletron Compton Momentum Constant: eq 4 u o q o P d eletron P = t eletron kg m se 1 x Eletron Compton A Vetor Constant: eq 43 u o q o A d eletron A = t eletron m 1 weber x (In the same dreton as the eletron moton) Eletron Compton B Vetor Constant: eq 44 B eletron u o q o 1 t x B eletron = m weber (Crles around eletron moton n rght-hand fashon) Thus we an see that the mass-energy equaton used above ontans the terms for bas fore and feld parameter onstants whh are related to and ontaned wthn the eletron rest mass energy

13 1 Of further nterest, the followng parameters are also assoated wth the equaton for the Compton rest mass energy of the eletron The Quantum Indutane of the eletron: u ọ L e d L e = henry eq 45 π Note that d s related to a torus as d = (π r) = 4 π r whh = torus area Rest Mass of the eletron: u o q o m e m e = kg eq 46 Poyntng Power of the eletron: u o q o 1 S e 3 t x S e = m watt eq 47 Quantum Hall Ohm of the eletron: u ọ R d Q R = π t Q ohm x (= Standard SI value) eq 48 The fat that the vetor magnet potental (A) s n the same dreton as the dreton of the eletron s relevant to the noton of the eletron havng an assoated nformaton wave apable of aton that hanges the phase of a dstant partle by alterng that dstant partles momentum Further, the (A) vetor does not dmnsh n potental over dstane onernng the nlne moton of the eletron The (A) vetor also may exst n a spae free of the (B) feld that reated t and t has an nlne moton wth the eletron that annot be shelded aganst as onventonal sheldng s normally understood The mehans assoated wth the nlne moton of the eletron and ts assoated (A) vetor lends tself to beng adapted to the Shrodnger wave equaton Davd Bohm showed that the (A) vetor that s assoated wth the moton of the eletron s onneted wth a quantum energy potental Q that has a magntude dependent on the rate of hange of the phase assoated wth the eletrons wavefunton []

14 13 Based on the above nformaton onernng the nature of the (A) vetor passng through all materal and ts ablty to nterat on a quantum level, we have a very strong ase for statng that t may be the gravtatonal aton and also may properly be termed eletrogravty, or eletrogravtaton The geometry of the area of a torus of equal rumferene n the major and mnor wavelength s suggested by the above equatons nvolvng d, (whh s equal to d 1 x d = d), whh are the major and mnor wavelengths assoated wth the Compton wave length of the eletron multpled together to form the area of the surfae of the eletron torus (Where d 1 = d = λ e of the eletron = h / m e ) See my book, "Eletrogravtaton As A Unfed Feld Theory", pages 8 & 9, equatons 14 & 15, where the energy densty of the eletron s shown to be related dretly to the shape of a torus (Ths book s avalable on the web for free n Adobe Arobat format at Also s shown how that tremendous energy s gated through the approprate rular quantum area and tme to yeld the feld energy at the surfae of the eletron It turns out that the eletron feld energy at the Compton radus of the eletron s 1/137 that of the rest mass energy Ths s an mportant result that proves the ase for the shape of the eletron beng a torus The onept of the eletron beng a torus shape s enhaned by the pture of a pont spnnng around a loop suh that the form generated s lke a sprng wrapped around to almost meet ts begnnng pont Ths yle repeats so that spae s overed n a gven tme whh eventually forms a nearly losed spheral shape sne the torus s also preessng due to the spnnng pont almost meetng at the last startng pont Sne the (A) vetor s generated nlne to the moton of the harge, the spnnng harge-pont eventually vetors (A) n all possble dretons n spae whh guarantees that the eletron wll generate an eletrogravtatonal aton n all possble dretons Ths may also explan why the assumpton of 'spn' seems to have all possble assumed results n atual measurement ondtons The (A) vetor rulates around the axs of moton of the eletron and also the rulaton follows the rght hand rule where f the thumb of the rght hand ponts n the dreton of the harge moton, the dreton of the (A) vetor rulaton s n the same dreton as the fngers when losed Agan, the dreton of the (A) vetor also s n the same dreton as the harge moton for the ase of all (A) vetor system analyss Then the mass also moves n the same dreton as the (A) vetor whh mples that the (A) vetor dreton s ntmately onneted to the nature of mass as well as harge moton sne they all have the same vetor dreton It may be postulated that f a harged mass n rular moton n a plane parallel to the Earth s dretly above a lke system rotatng opposte and nlne wth the upper system, then a fore of attraton may exst between them Ths s sayng that (A) vetors n nearly parallel rulaton aganst eah other may nterweave, (lke a srew turnng nto threads), thus ausng both systems to want to move together Also, one of the systems wll want to attrat the Earth whle the other would want to repel the Earth, dependng on the dreton of rulaton of the respetve system's (A) vetor

15 14 The (A) vetor's nteraton wth eah other suggests that energy s expended to ause work to be done How would ths energy be replaed n order that the onservaton of energy be mantaned? I ask the reader to onsder the ase for a sngular eletron that s loated somewhere n a unverse by tself In ths onept, the eletron wll be allowed to extend ts feld energy throughout all of the empty unverse How muh feld energy would ths take? Or, put another way, how muh energy must be suppled by the eletron to fll a nearly nfnte volume unverse wth ts energy feld? Ths s a very mportant queston and t must be onsdered as beng fundamental to the mehans of all matter The answer s obvous The energy omes not from the eletron tself but from the same energy spae that reated the bg bang Then the eletron draws on the energy from energy spae whenever t needs to alter ts state or the state of ts feld Ths ours when ts assoated wavefunton s altered, wherever ts assoated wavefunton s and ths aton ours nstantly Ths s Davd Bohm's entangled states of matter Then, the (A) vetor aton may be somewhat entrop n ts feld aton Ths wll ause a work to be done on another (A) vetor feld whh wll result n a real fore of attraton or repulson It s possble that the ordnary photon may not be onneted to energy spae sne t has a balaned harge aspet whh results n zero harge overall Then an eletrogravtatonal aton may over tme and dstane ause the photon to lose energy sne a bare photon annot establsh an external feld Ths would explan the Hubbell red shft and thus also make the ase for a non-expandng unverse The bottom lne s that you must expend energy to do work and gravtatonal attraton that moves mass does work on that mass, perod The energy to do that s suppled from energy spae, whh has a nearly nfnte amount of energy It an be further postulated that ths s but one of a myrad of unverses, where eah one was reated n a tme apart from our own by the same huge blast of energy that would be equvalent to a weghted mpulse funton The weghted mpulse funton has a nearly nfnte energy at tme zero and has pratally zero energy at tme above zero Our unverse would be lkened to part of a huge omputer lke program where eah unverse shared ts exstene wth all of the other unverses n tme-sle fashon Ths would also allow for a omplete hold to be put on any unverse for adjustment purposes or for the elmnaton, f needed, of any unverse gone wrong Then sne our memores are supported by the aton of the quantum partles n our bran, t would appear to us that our unverse was ontnuous and there would be no experment we ould devse that would be able to prove otherwse The sum total aton would resemble a gant spral of reated unverses, eah one assgned a spef radal plae along the spral arm of total reaton and a spef angle away from the begnnng of t all Thus f you knew the orret angular dsplaement and frequeny, (the dsplaement ode key), you ould ndeed walk through walls and between other unverses to get to the other sde of the wall, where you would smply pop bak nto exstene Your matter would take the plae of the matter that had exsted where you arrved at and that matter you dsplaed would be sent to where you had been You would not even make a sound leavng or arrvng These very atons have been reported by stores set down n prnt n the Bble as well as eye wtnesses n modern tmes

16 15 The above desrpton of the (A) vetor nteraton s somewhat smlar to the ordnary magnet fore aton exept the (A) vetor s orthogonal (90 degrees) to the B feld magnet lnes of flux and the (A) vetor annot be shelded aganst sne t an exst apart from the B feld that t would normally be onneted wth n the same spae Based on the above analyss, f a harge-feld mass, ( e hgh urrent standng wave node), were to be rulated around the permeter of a sauer shaped raft, a orrespondng (A) vetor would be generated parallel to and rulate wth t Ths s the bas aton requred to nterat wth a lke feld generated by the Earth and the total nteraton would be one of eletrogravtatonal attraton or repulson The harge-mass would best be generated by reatng standng waves as outlned prevously n the prevous standng wave analyss The mehans of hurranes, tornadoes, ylones, dust devls, all mm the above aton The rotaton of planets around the Sun and the rotaton of the planets turnng about ther axs attest to the fat that gravty most lkely has a rulaton aton bult nto ts bas make up Thus, nature has gven us mportant lues as to the mehans of gravty n the moton of thngs affeted by gravty The (A) vetor arres and mparts a hange of momentum sne t s born of momentum related aton Then the (A) vetor s not only onneted wth the B feld but also wth the mass energy of the harge that reates the B feld That was readly demonstrated by the equatons of pages 11 and 1 prevous The method of gravtaton or antgravtaton has been suggested above but what f we wshed to mpart a sudden quantum translaton of poston that would mm the eletron, but on a marosop sale? We would alter the rate of rulaton, hangng the 'phase' of our harged maro partle Sne t looks to spae to be an eletron, (a BIG eletron), the maro eletron sauer would suddenly jump n a dreton nlne wth the pont on ts permeter, (permeter through enter of raft), that was phase dstorted Then, as wth Davd Bohms quantum Q potental, t s smply phase that ontrols energy Q, whh then mparts the energy requred from energy spae to effet the quantum jump of our raft The rate of transton and dstane overed would our n repettve nrements, the faster the nrements, the faster and farther the average translaton Ths desgn allows for the raft operator to ontrol the raft moton dretly The raft ould also be ontrolled va a remote nformaton wave Ths would explan why some UFO raft appear to bobble around or at errat, sne the ontrol from a dstane may be dffult to mantan f the dstane s very great Ths also mples that a quantum nformaton wave, (a ontrolled and vetored (A) wave), mght be used to ntate an eletrogravtatonal aton n what would normally be onsdered nanmate materal It may even be used to ause moleular vbraton to heat thngs up or ool them down In some ases, t mght even be used to ause so-alled spontaneous human ombuston It would do ts work from the nsde to the outsde, sne t annot be shelded aganst Ths type of ontrolled nformaton wave may have been used to buld the pyramds It ould also qute readly undo whatever has been bult Remember, t s not the power of the wave that auses aton, but ts ablty to ause sudden energy

17 transton and partle translaton/vbraton through the affeted partles self energy whh Davd Bohm defned as the Q potental In the begnnng of ths paper the formula for the eletromagnet standng wave was presented on the bottom of page 3 There exst smlar formulas for the quantum ase nvolvng the moton of the eletron for example The followng quote apples dretly to the onept of partle standng waves and also lnear moton Ths wll be seen as very smlar to the ase for a transmsson lne as presented above The followng s a quote from the referene [3] at the end of ths paper {Begn quote} 16 "A spatal wavefunton s omplex f the partle t desrbes has a net moton; a spatal wavefunton s real f the partle has no net moton For example, the spatal wavefunton (the only omponent we onsder from here on) for a partle wth lnear momentum kh/π s: ψ e k x os( k x ) sn( k x ) eq 49 The wavefunton s omplex, and the partle has a net momentum (to the rght, nreasng x) The real and magnary omponents of ψ are drawn n fgure C 13a, {NOTE: Ths fgure drawng not nluded n the quote}, and we see that the magnary omponent preedes the real omponent n phase (that s, the magnary omponent s shfted n the dreton of the partle's moton) The wavefunton of a partle travelng wth the same momentum n the opposte dreton s: ψ e k x os( k x ) sn( k x ) eq 50 Now the magnary omponent s shfted to the left of the real omponent (Fg C13b), {NOTE: Ths fgure drawng not nluded n the quote}, and so one agan ts relatve loaton marks the dreton of travel The wavefunton ψ = os kx s real and orresponds to a standng wave wth no net moton n ether dreton It an be expressed as a superposton of the wavefuntons for moton to the left and rght, beause, 1 ψ os( k x ) e k x e k x eq 51 and the magnary, dreton-ndatng omponent of the wavefunton has been aneled" {End of quote} The smlartes of the above equatons nvolvng quantum partles to the equatons nvolvng standng waves of a transmsson lne on the bottom of page 3 above are qute apparent Then, t s suggested that sne the quantum and maro-eletron equatons are so smlar, t may be possble to ause movement of a maro-quantum raft smply by alterng ts phase or wavefunton It s also suggested that quantum spae s very smlar to transmsson lne geometry as far as how the partles move through spae Then, f you an see t, t s real and has a standng wave that s real Ths s how the so-alled UFO's may most lkely appear and dsappear so suddenly

18 17 The followng s also quoted from soure [3] to further llumnate the nature of the wavefunton and ts aton on the partle moton: "All wavefuntons of defnte and nonzero energy are omplex f we allow for ther tme dependene, sne a tme dependent wavefunton s the produt of a spatal wavefunton ψ and a fator e -Et / π h The rate at whh a tme dependent wavefunton hanges from real to magnary s therefore determned by ts energy: The hgher the energy the faster the wavefunton osllates between purely real and purely magnary In ths sense (and perhaps all the other rh, famlar attrbutes of energy are onsequenes of ths sense), 'energy' s the rate of modulaton of a wavefunton from real to magnary" {End of quote} Also quoted: "a purely real (or purely magnary) tme-ndependant wavefunton represents a system wth no net moton" {End of quote} [4] Thus a UFO ould be standng stll (and be nvsble) f t were totally n the magnary wavefunton mode Ths may also explan why UFO's seem at tmes to be transluent and also why they would want to avod radar Radar would tend to nterfere wth the wavefunton, maybe even ause the UFO to rash Just a Roswell type thought In summary, the foregong has establshed that the mass related to the eletron, (and possbly all other partles), s the result of quantum eletral standng waves Based on ths analyss, t s predted that a large sale system may also be onstruted whh wll mm the eletron n a quantum sense, that s, tunnel through ordnary spae to pop out somewhere else nstantaneously The energy requred to do ths 'jump' s not ontaned n the partle or struture, but smply gated n from energy spae by ontrollng the partle or systems wavefunton n a sutable fashon as desrbed above We may say that n order that the standng wave that makes up the partle be onserved, the energy s gated n to move the partle to a new pont n spae whh n effet wll onserve the standng wave and thus the ntegrty of the partle tself Ths also suggests a method of tappng nto energy spae usng a system of oherently managed partles where a sngle wavefunton would ontrol them all and the energy mparted to the partles n unson from energy spae would be onverted by a sutable energy exhange deve for use on an ordnary eletr power grd Fnally, we do not need for authortes to admt nor deny the exstene of UFO's They do exst and have been around muh longer than the so alled authortes -- Author -- Jerry E Bayles

19 18 REFERENCES [1] Introduton To Eletromagnet Felds; Paul, Clayton R and Nasar, Syed A, MGraw-Hll Internatonal Edtons, 1987, p 394, eq 37a & 37b [] The Undvded Unverse; Bohm, Davd and Hley, Basl j, Routledge Press, 1993, pp 8-5 [3] Quanta; Atkns, P W, Oxford Unversty Press, 1991, pp 61-6 [4] Quanta; Atkns, P W, Oxford Unversty Press, 1991, p 39 Note: For those who wsh an exellent and understandable ompanon referene to the book "Quanta" above, I reommend P W Atkns book, Moleular Quantum Mehans by P W Atkns and R S Fredman I obtaned the thrd edton, (Oxford Unversty Press), 1997, from Barnes & Noble on the web Ω