GRADE 6. Language Arts TUSCARAWAS VALLEY LOCAL SCHOOLS. A Parent s Guide to Ohio s New Learning Standards

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1 TUSCARAWAS VALLEY LOCAL SCHOOLS A Parent s Guide t Ohi s New Learning Standards Dear Parent / Guardian: ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sixth Grade This pamphlet has been prepared by the Tuscarawas Valley Lcal Schls t help yu becme better acquainted with the new Ohi Learning Standards fr Scial Studies and Science as well as the newly adpted Cmmn Cre standards in English Language Arts and Math. We hpe yu will review this material t have an understanding f what yur child needs t knw and be able t d by the time he r she finishes sixth grade. There is nthing mre imprtant t yur child s future than making sure he r she gets a quality educatin. We lk frward t wrking tgether as partners t achieve this gal and make this a happy and successful year fr all students. Please feel free t cntact yur child s teacher r principal shuld yu have any questins r cncerns abut the sixth grade curriculum. Sincerely, GRADE 6 The Staff and Administratin f the Tuscarawas Valley Lcal Schls Language Arts Reading: Literature Key Ideas and Details Cite textual evidence t supprt analysis f what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn frm the text. Determine a theme r central idea f a text and hw it is cnveyed thrugh particular details; prvide a summary f the text distinct frm persnal pinins r judgments. Describe hw a particular stry s r drama s plt unflds in a series f episdes as well as hw the characters respnd r change as the plt mves tward a reslutin. Craft and Structure Determine the meaning f wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and cnntative meanings; analyze the impact f a specific wrd chice n meaning and tne. Analyze hw a particular sentence, chapter, scene, r stanza fits int the verall structure f a text and cntributes t the develpment f the theme, setting, r plt. Explain hw an authr develps the pint f view f the narratr r speaker in a text. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas Cmpare and cntrast the experience f reading a stry, drama, r pem t listening t r viewing an audi, vide, r live versin f the text, including cntrasting what they see and hear when reading the text t what they perceive when they listen r watch. Cmpare and cntrast text in different frms r genres (e.g. stries and pems; histrical nvels and fantasy stries) in terms f their appraches t similar themes and tpics. Range f Reading and Cmplexity f Text By the end f the year, read and cmprehend literature, including stries, dramas, and pems, in the grades 6-8 text cmplexity band prficiently, with scafflding as needed at the high end f the range. Reading: Infrmatinal Text Key Ideas and Details Cite textual evidence t supprt analysis f what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn frm the text. Determine a central idea f a text and hw it is cnveyed thrugh particular details; prvide a summary f the text distinct frm persnal pinins r judgments.

2 Analyze in detail hw a key individual, event, r idea is intrduced, illustrated, and elabrated in a text (e.g., thrugh examples r anecdtes). Craft and Structure Determine the meaning f wrds and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, cnntative, and technical meanings. Analyze hw a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, r sectin fits int the verall structure f a text and cntributes t the develpment f the ideas. Determine an authr s pint f view r purpse in a text and explain hw it is cnveyed in the text. Integratin f Knwledge and Ideas Integrate infrmatin presented in different media r frmats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in wrds t develp a cherent understanding f a tpic r issue. Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supprted by reasns and evidence frm claims that are nt. Cmpare and cntrast ne authr s presentatin f events with that f anther (e.g., a memir written by and a bigraphy n the same persn). Range f Reading and Level f Text Cmplexity By the end f the year, read and cmprehend literary nnfictin in the grades 6-8 text cmplexity band prficiently, with scafflding as needed at the high end f the range. Writing Text Types and Purpses Write arguments t supprt claims with clear reasns and relevant evidence. Intrduce claim(s) and rganize the reasns and evidence clearly. Supprt claims(s) with clear reasns and relevant evidence, using credible surces and demnstrating an understanding f the tpic r text. Use wrds, phrases, and clauses t clarify the relatinships amng claim(s) and reasns. Establish and maintain a frmal style. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin that fllws frm the argument presented. Write infrmative/explanatry texts t examine a tpic and cnvey ideas, cncepts, and infrmatin thrugh the selectin, rganizatin, and analysis f relevant cntent. Intrduce a tpic; rganize ideas, cncepts, and infrmatin, using strategies such as definitin, classificatin, classificatin, cmparisn/cntrast, and cause/effect; include frmatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., charts, tables), and multimedia when useful t aiding cmprehensin. Develp the tpic with relevant facts, definitins, cncrete details, qutatins, r ther infrmatin and examples. Use apprpriate transitins t clarify the relatinships amng ideas and cncepts. Use precise language and dmainspecific vcabulary t infrm abut r explain the tpic. Establish and maintain a frmal style. Prvide a cncluding statement r sectin that fllws frm the infrmatin r explanatin presented. Write narratives t develp real r imagined experiences r events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well- structured event sequences. Engage and rient the reader by establishing a cntext and intrducing a narratr and/r characters; rganize an event sequence that unflds naturally and lgically. Use narrative techniques, such as dialgue, pacing, and descriptin, t develp experiences, events, and/r characters. Use a variety f transitin wrds, phrases, and clauses t cnvey sequence and signal shifts frm ne time frame r setting t anther. Use precise wrds and phrases, relevant descriptive details, and sensry language t cnvey experiences and events. Prvide a cnclusin that fllws frm the narrated experiences r events. Prductin and Distributin f Writing Prduce clear and cherent writing in which the develpment, rganizatin, and style are apprpriate t task, purpse, and audience. (Gradespecific expectatins fr writing types are defined in standards 1-3). With sme guidance and supprt frm peers and adults, develp and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, r trying a new apprach. (Editing fr cnventins shuld demnstrate cmmand f Language standards 1-3 up t and including grade 6.) Use technlgy, including the Internet, t prduce and publish writing as well as t interact and cllabrate with thers; demnstrate sufficient cmmand f keybarding skills t type a minimum f three pages in a single sitting.

3 Research t Build and Present Knwledge Cnduct shrt research prjects t answer a questin, drawing n several surces and refcusing the inquiry when apprpriate. Gather relevant infrmatin frm multiple print and digital surces; assess the credibility f each surce; and qute r paraphrase the data and cnclusins f thers while aviding plagiarism and prviding basic bibligraphic infrmatin fr surces. Draw evidence frm literary r infrmatinal texts t supprt analysis, reflectin, and research. Apply grade 6 Reading standards t literature (e.g., Cmpare and cntrast texts in different frms r genres [e.g., stries and pems; histrical nvels and fantasy stries] in terms f their appraches t similar themes and tpics ). Apply grade 6 Reading standards t literary nnfictin (e.g., Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supprted by reasns and evidence frm claims that are nt ). Range f Writing Write rutinely ver extended time frames (time fr research, reflectin, and revisin) and shrter time frames (a single sitting r a day r tw) fr a range f discipline-specific tasks, purpses, and audiences. Speaking & Listening Cmprehensin and Cllabratin Engage effectively in a range f cllabrative discussins (ne-n- ne, in grups, and teacherled) with diverse partners n grade 6 tpics, texts, and issues, building n thers ideas and expressing their wn clearly. Cme t discussins prepared, having read r studied required material; explicitly draw n that preparatin by referring t evidence n the tpic, text, r issue t prbe and reflect n ideas under discussin. Fllw rules fr cllegial discussins, set specific gals and deadlines, and define individual rles as needed. Pse and respnd t specific questins with elabratin and detail by making cmments that cntribute t the tpic, text, r issue under discussin. Review the key ideas expressed and demnstrate understanding f multiple perspectives thrugh reflectin and paraphrasing. Interpret infrmatin presented in diverse media and frmats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, rally) and explain hw it cntributes t a tpic, text, r issue under study. Delineate a speaker s argument and specific claims, distinguishing claims that are supprted by reasns and evidence frm claims that are nt. Presentatin f Knwledge and Ideas Present claims and findings, sequencing ideas lgically and using pertinent descriptins, facts, and details t accentuate main ideas r themes; use apprpriate eye cntact, adequate vlume, and clear prnunciatin. Include multimedia cmpnents (e.g., graphics, images, music, sund) and visual displays in presentatins t clarify Infrmatin. Adapt speech t a variety f cntexts and tasks, demnstrating cmmand f frmal English when indicated r apprpriate. Language Cnventins f Standard English Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English grammar and usage when writing r speaking. Ensure that prnuns are in the prper case (subjective, bjective, pssessive). Use intensive prnuns (e.g., myself, urselves). Recgnize and crrect inapprpriate shifts in prnun number and persn. Recgnize and crrect vague prnuns (i.e., nes with unclear r ambiguus antecedents). Recgnize variatins frm standard English in their wn and thers writing and speaking, and identify and use strategies t imprve expressin in cnventinal language. Demnstrate cmmand f the cnventins f standard English capitalizatin, punctuatin, and spelling when writing. Use punctuatin (cmmas, parentheses, dashes) t set ff nnrestrictive/parenthetical elements. Spell crrectly. Knwledge f Language Use knwledge f language and its cnventins when writing, speaking, reading, r listening. Vary sentence patterns fr meaning, reader/listener interest, and style. Maintain cnsistency in style and tne.

4 Vcabulary Acquisitin and Use Determine r clarify the meaning f unknwn and multiple- meaning wrds and phrases based n grade 6 reading and cntent, chsing flexibly frm a range f strategies. Use cntext (e.g., the verall meaning f a sentence r paragraph; a wrd s psitin r functin in a sentence) as a clue t the meaning f a wrd r phrase. Use cmmn, grade-apprpriate Greek r Latin affixes and rts as clues t the meaning f a wrd (e.g., audience, auditry, audible). Cnsult reference materials (e.g., dictinaries, glssaries, thesauruses), bth print and digital, t find the prnunciatin f a wrd r determine r clarify its precise meaning r its part f speech. Verify the preliminary determinatin f the meaning f a wrd r phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in cntext r in a dictinary). Demnstrate understanding f figurative language, wrd relatinships, and nuances in wrd meanings. Interpret figures f speech (e.g., persnificatin) in cntext. b. Use the relatinship between particular wrds (e.g. cause/effect, part/whle, item/categry) t better understand each f the wrds. Distinguish amng the cnntatins (assciatins) f wrds with similar dentatins (definitins) (e.g., stingy, scrimping, ecnmical, unwasteful, thrifty). Acquire and use accurately grade-apprpriate general academic and dmain-specific wrds and phrases; gather vcabulary knwledge when cnsidering a wrd r phrase imprtant t cmprehensin r expressin. Rati and Prprtinal Relatinships Understand rati cncepts and use rati reasning t slve prblems Mathematics Understand the cncept f a rati and use rati language t describe a rati relatinship between tw quantities. Fr example, The rati f wings t beaks in the bird huse at the z was 2:1, because fr every 2 wings there was 1 beak. Fr every vte candidate A received, candidate C received nearly three vtes. Understand the cncept f a unit rate a/b assciated with a rati a:b with b 0, and use rate language in the cntext f a rati relatinship. Fr example, This recipe has a rati f 3 cups f flur t 4 cups f sugar, s there is 3/4 cup f flur fr each cup f sugar. We paid $75 fr 15 hamburgers, which is a rate f $5 per hamburger. Use rati and rate reasning t slve real-wrld and mathematical prblems, e.g., by reasning abut tables f equivalent ratis, tape diagrams, duble number line diagrams, r equatins. Make tables f equivalent ratis relating quantities with whle-number measurements, find missing values in the tables, and plt the pairs f values n the crdinate plane. Use tables t cmpare ratis. Slve unit rate prblems including thse invlving unit pricing and cnstant speed. Fr example, if it tk 7 hurs t mw 4 lawns, then at that rate, hw many lawns culd be mwed in 35 hurs? At what rate were lawns being mwed? Find a percent f a quantity as a rate per 100 (e.g., 30% f a quantity means 30/100 times the quantity); slve prblems invlving finding the whle, given a part and the percent. Use rati reasning t cnvert measurement units; manipulate and transfrm units apprpriately when multiplying r dividing quantities. The Number System es. Apply and extend previus understandings f multiplicatin and divisin t divide fractins by fractins. Interpret and cmpute qutients f fractins, and slve wrd prblems invlving divisin f fractins by fractins, e.g., by using visual fractin mdels and equatins t represent the prblem. Fr example, create a stry cntext fr (2/3) (3/4) and use a visual fractin mdel t shw the qutient; use the relatinship between multiplicatin and divisin t explain that (2/3) (3/4) = 8/9 because 3/4 f 8/9 is 2/3. (In general, (a/b) (c/d) = ad/bc.) Hw much chclate will each persn get if 3 peple share 1/2 lb f chclate equally? Hw many 3/4-cup servings are in 2/3 f a cup f ygurt? Hw wide is a rectangular strip f land with length 3/4 mi and area 1/2 square mi?

5 Cmpute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find cmmn factrs and multiples. Fluently divide multi-digit numbers using the standard algrithm. Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multidigit decimals using the standard algrithm fr each peratin. Find the greatest cmmn factr f tw whle numbers less than r equal t 100 and the least cmmn multiple f tw whle numbers less than r equal t 12. Use the distributive prperty t express a sum f tw whle numbers with a cmmn factr as a multiple f a sum f tw whle numbers with n cmmn factr. Fr example, express as 4 (9 + 2). Apply and extend previus understandings f numbers t the system f ratinal numbers. Understand that psitive and negative numbers are used tgether t describe quantities having ppsite directins r values (e.g., temperature abve/belw zer, elevatin abve/belw sea level, credits/debits, psitive/negative electric charge); use psitive and negative numbers t represent quantities in real-wrld cntexts, explaining the meaning f 0 in each situatin. Understand a ratinal number as a pint n the number line. Extend number line diagrams and crdinate axes familiar frm previus grades t represent pints n the line and in the plane with negative number crdinates. Recgnize ppsite signs f numbers as indicating lcatins n ppsite sides f 0 n the number line; recgnize that the ppsite f the ppsite f a number is the number itself, e.g., ( 3) = 3, and that 0 is its wn ppsite. Understand signs f numbers in rdered pairs as indicating lcatins in quadrants f the crdinate plane; recgnize that when tw rdered pairs differ nly by signs, the lcatins f the pints are related by reflectins acrss ne r bth axes. Find and psitin integers and ther ratinal numbers n a hrizntal r vertical number line diagram; find and psitin pairs f integers and ther ratinal numbers n a crdinate plane. Understand rdering and abslute value f ratinal numbers. Interpret statements f inequality as statements abut the relative psitin f tw numbers n a number line diagram. Fr example, interpret 3 > 7 as a statement that 3 is lcated t the right f 7 n a number line riented frm left t right. Write, interpret, and explain statements f rder fr ratinal numbers in real-wrld cntexts. Fr example, write 3 C > 7 C t express the fact that 3 C is warmer than 7 C. Understand the abslute value f a ratinal number as its distance frm 0 n the number line; interpret abslute value as magnitude fr a psitive r negative quantity in a real-wrld situatin. Fr example, fr an accunt balance f 30 dllars, write 30 = 30 t describe the size f the debt in dllars. Distinguish cmparisns f abslute value frm statements abut rder. Fr example, recgnize that an accunt balance less than 30 dllars represents a debt greater than 30 dllars. Slve real-wrld and mathematical prblems by graphing pints in all fur quadrants f the crdinate plane. Include use f crdinates and abslute value t find distances between pints with the same first crdinate r the same secnd crdinate. Expressins and Equatins Apply and extend previus understandings f arithmetic t algebraic expressins. Write and evaluate numerical expressins invlving whle-number expnents. Write, read, and evaluate expressins in which letters stand fr numbers. Write expressins that recrd peratins with numbers and with letters standing fr numbers. Fr example, express the calculatin Subtract y frm 5 as 5 y. Identify parts f an expressin using mathematical terms (sum, term, prduct, factr, qutient, cefficient); view ne r mre parts f an expressin as a single entity. Fr example, describe the expressin 2 (8 + 7) as a prduct f tw factrs; view (8 + 7) as bth a single entity and a sum f tw terms. Evaluate expressins at specific values f their variables. Include expressins that arise frm frmulas used in real-wrld prblems. Perfrm arithmetic peratins, including thse invlving whle-number expnents, in the cnventinal rder when there are n parentheses t specify a particular rder (Order f Operatins). Fr

6 example, use the frmulas V = s 3 and A = 6 s 2 t find the vlume and surface area f a cube with sides f length s = 1/2. Apply the prperties f peratins t generate equivalent expressins. Fr example, apply the distributive prperty t the expressin 3 (2 + x) t prduce the equivalent expressin 6 + 3x; apply the distributive prperty t the expressin 24x + 18y t prduce the equivalent expressin 6 (4x + 3y); apply prperties f peratins t y + y + y t prduce the equivalent expressin 3y. Identify when tw expressins are equivalent (i.e., when the tw expressins name the same number regardless f which value is substituted int them). Fr example, the expressins y + y + y and 3y are equivalent because they name the same number regardless f which number y stands fr. Reasn abut and slve ne-variable equatins and inequalities. Understand slving an equatin r inequality as a prcess f answering a questin: which values frm a specified set, if any, make the equatin r inequality true? Use substitutin t determine whether a given number in a specified set makes an equatin r inequality true. Use variables t represent numbers and write expressins when slving a real-wrld r mathematical prblem; understand that a variable can represent an unknwn number, r, depending n the purpse at hand, any number in a specified set. Slve real-wrld and mathematical prblems by writing and slving equatins f the frm x + p = q and px = q fr cases in which p, q and x are all nnnegative ratinal numbers. Write an inequality f the frm x > c r x < c t represent a cnstraint r cnditin in a real-wrld r mathematical prblem. Recgnize that inequalities f the frm x > c r x < c have infinitely many slutins; represent slutins f such inequalities n number line diagrams. Represent and analyze quantitative relatinships between dependent and independent variables. Use variables t represent tw quantities in a real-wrld prblem that change in relatinship t ne anther; write an equatin t express ne quantity, thught f as the dependent variable, in terms f the ther quantity, thught f as the independent variable. Analyze the relatinship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these t the equatin. Fr example, in a prblem invlving mtin at cnstant speed, list and graph rdered pairs f distances and times, and write the equatin d = 65t t represent the relatinship between distance and time. Gemetry Slve real-wrld and mathematical prblems invlving area, surface area, and vlume. Find the area f right triangles, ther triangles, special quadrilaterals, and plygns by cmpsing int rectangles r decmpsing int triangles and ther shapes; apply these techniques in the cntext f slving real-wrld and mathematical prblems. Find the vlume f a right rectangular prism with fractinal edge lengths by packing it with unit cubes f the apprpriate unit fractin edge lengths, and shw that the vlume is the same as wuld be fund by multiplying the edge lengths f the prism. Apply the frmulas V = l w h and V = b h t find vlumes f right rectangular prisms with fractinal edge lengths in the cntext f slving real-wrld and mathematical prblems. Draw plygns in the crdinate plane given crdinates fr the vertices; use crdinates t find the length f a side jining pints with the same first crdinate r the same secnd crdinate. Apply these techniques in the cntext f slving real-wrld and mathematical prblems. Represent three-dimensinal figures using nets made up f rectangles and triangles, and use the nets t find the surface area f these figures. Apply these techniques in the cntext f slving realwrld and mathematical prblems. Statistics and Prbability Develp understanding f statistical variability. Recgnize a statistical questin as ne that anticipates variability in the data related t the questin and accunts fr it in the answers. Fr example, Hw ld am I? is nt a statistical questin, but Hw ld are the students in my schl? is a statistical questin because ne anticipates variability in students ages. Understand that a set f data cllected t answer a statistical questin has a distributin which can be described by its center, spread, and verall shape. Recgnize that a measure f center fr a numerical data set summarizes all f its values with a single number, while a measure f variatin describes hw its values vary with a single number. Summarize and describe distributins. Display numerical data in plts n a number line, including dt plts, histgrams, and bx plts. Summarize numerical data sets in relatin t their cntext, such as by: Reprting the number f bservatins.

7 Describing the nature f the attribute under investigatin, including hw it was measured and its units f measurement. Giving quantitative measures f center (median and/r mean) and variability (interquartile range and/r mean abslute deviatin), as well as describing any verall pattern and any striking deviatins frm the verall pattern with reference t the cntext in which the data were gathered. Relating the chice f measures f center and variability t the shape f the data distributin and the cntext in which the data were gathered. Scial Studies Histry Events can be arranged in rder f ccurrence using the cnventins f B.C. and A.D. r B.C.E. and C.E. Early civilizatins (India, Egypt, China and Mesptamia) with unique gvernments, ecnmic systems, scial structures, religins, technlgies and agricultural practices and prducts flurished as a result f favrable gegraphic characteristics. The cultural practices and prducts f these early civilizatins can be used t help understand the Eastern Hemisphere tday. Science Earth and Space Science (ESS) Rcks, Minerals and Sil Minerals have specific, quantifiable prperties. Igneus, metamrphic and sedimentary rcks have unique characteristics that can be used fr identificatin and/r classificatin. Igneus, metamrphic and sedimentary rcks frm in different ways. Sil is uncnslidated material that cntains nutrient matter and weathered rck. Rcks, minerals and sils have cmmn and practical uses. Physical Science (PS) Matter and Mtin All matter is made up f small particles called atms. Changes f state are explained by a mdel f matter cmpsed f atms and/r mlecules that are in mtin. There are tw categries f energy: kinetic and ptential. An bject s mtin can be described by its speed and the directin in which it is mving. Life Science (LS) Cellular t Multicellular Cells are the fundamental unit f life. All cells cme frm pre-existing cells. Cells carry n specific functins that sustain life. Living systems at all levels f rganizatin demnstrate the cmplementary nature f structure and functin. Gegraphy Glbes and ther gegraphic tls can be used t gather, prcess and reprt infrmatin abut peple, places and envirnments. Cartgraphers decide which infrmatin t include and hw it is displayed. Latitude and lngitude can be used t identify abslute lcatin. Regins can be determined, classified and cmpared using varius criteria (e.g., landfrm, climate, ppulatin, cultural, r ecnmic). Variatins amng physical envirnments within the Eastern Hemisphere influence human activities. Human activities als alter the physical envirnment. Plitical, envirnmental, scial and ecnmic factrs cause peple, prducts and ideas t mve frm place t place in the Eastern Hemisphere in the past and tday. Mdern cultural practices and prducts shw the influence f traditin and diffusin, including the impact f majr wrld religins (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism). Gvernment Different perspectives n a tpic can be btained frm a variety f histric and cntemprary surces. Surces can be examined fr accuracy. Gvernments can be categrized as mnarchies, thecracies, dictatrships r demcracies, but categries may verlap and labels may nt accurately represent hw gvernments functin. The extent f citizens liberties and respnsibilities varies accrding t limits n gvernmental authrity. Ecnmics Ecnmists cmpare data sets t draw cnclusins abut relatinships amng them.

8 The chices peple make have bth present and future cnsequences. The evaluatin f chices is relative and may differ acrss individuals and scieties. The fundamental questins f ecnmics include what t prduce, hw t prduce and fr whm t prduce. When regins and/r cuntries specialize, glbal trade ccurs. The interactin f supply and demand, influenced by cmpetitin, helps t determine price in a market. This interactin als determines the quantities f utputs prduced and the quantities f inputs (human resurces, natural resurces and capital) used. When selecting items t buy, individuals can cmpare the price and quality f available gds and services. Missin: The Tuscarawas Valley Lcal Schl District will fcus n high achievement fr all students by prviding a challenging curriculum in a psitive learning envirnment.