Contents. Introduction 11
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1 Contents Introduction 11 Lesson 1: Chemistry and Physics Matter 15 In the Beginning...16 Forming the World...16 Everything Matters...17 Matter Matters...18 Turn Up the Volume...18 Mass Matters...19 Density Matters...20 Buoyancy Basics...23 More on Matter...24 The Golden Rule...24 Luster Matters...24 Color May Matter...25 The Shape of Matter...25 Hardness Matters...26 Smell Matters...27 More Properties Matter...27 Final Matters...28 What Do You Remember?...28 Notebooking Activities...28 Project: Lava Lamps...29 Lesson 2: Moving Matter 30 Moving Atoms...31 Solid Sleep...31 Liquid Motion...31 Going Gas...31 Solid Matter...32 Liquid Matter...32 Solid Liquids and Liquid Solids...33 Surface Tension...34 Viscosity Values...34 Heating Up...34 Gas Matter...35 In the Air...36 Atoms Together and Apart...36 Voluminous Expanding Gas...37 Bubble Power...38 Expanding and Escaping Air...38 Compressed Gas...38 Gas to Liquid to Solid to Liquid to Gas...39 Final Matters...41 What Do You Remember?...41 Notebooking Activities...41 Experiment: Earth s Water Cycle...42 v
2 Lesson 3: Building Blocks of Creation 43 Variety of Atoms...44 Attaching Atoms...45 Atom Anatomy...47 Charged Up...47 Pluses and Minuses...47 Primary Positives...48 Neutral News...49 Electric Electrons...49 Electron Energy...51 Clouds, Shells, and Orbitals...51 Valence Valor...52 The Periodic Table of Elements...53 The Key to Remember...54 Bonding Basics...55 Noble Gentlemen...55 Reactive Reactions...56 Experiment Explained...56 Busy Bonds...57 Valence Bonding...57 Ionic Bonding...57 Final Matters...59 What Do You Remember?...59 Notebooking Activities...60 Project: Sugar Cookie Periodic Table...61 Lesson 4: Compound Chemistry 62 Crystallized Creations...62 Common Crystals...63 Precious Gemstones...64 Diamonds...65 Pressure and Perseverance...65 Diamond Mines...65 The Four Cs...66 Putty, Plastics, and Pencil Erasers...67 Silly Surprise!...69 The Bad News...69 The Good News...70 Plastic Codes...71 Acidic Acid...72 Strong and Weak...73 Basic Bases...74 Neutral News...74 Potential ph...75 Chemical Chaos...76 Chemical or Physical Reactions...76 Reactants Releasing and Retaining...78 Final Matters...79 What Do You Remember?...79 Notebooking Activities...79 Experiment: Make a Smoke Bomb...80 Project: Grow Crystals...81 Lesson 5: Multitude of Mixtures 82 Heterogeneous Mixtures...83 Suspensions and Emulsions...84 Homogeneous Mixtures...85 Salute the Solute...85 Polar Bonds in Water...86 Soapy Solutions...87 Alloys...88 Colloids...90 Diluted Versus Concentrated...92 Separating Mixtures...92 Final Matters...93 What Do You Remember?...93 Notebooking Activities...94 Experiment: Filter Water...95 Lesson 6: Mechanics in Motion 97 Mechanical Mechanics...97 Always in Motion...98 Newton s First Law of Motion...98 Inertia in Motion Roller Coaster Newton s Second Law of Motion Newton s Third Law of Motion Newton s Third Law in Space Sir Isaac Newton Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Game: Ringers v i
3 Lesson 7: Dynamics of Motion 109 Feeling the Friction Increasing Friction Adhesion Reducing Friction Air and Water Friction Grasping Gravity Distance Dynamics Accelerating Action Free Falling Diving from the Sky Centripetal Force David and Goliath Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Project: Paper Airplane Design Lesson 8: Work in the World 126 Finding Energy Kinds of Energy Connecting Kinetics Potential Power Conserving Energy Creation Confirmation Forms of Energy Chemical Energy Energy over Time Fossil Fuels Oceans of Oil Countless Coal Nature s Natural Gas Creation Confirmation Nuclear Energy Renewable Energy Hydropower Wind Energy Solar Energy Biofuels Geothermal Energy Hydrogen Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Experiment: Strike It Rich! Lesson 9: Sound of Energy 146 Sound Essentials D Dynamics Directing Waves Echoes Conductor of Sound Speedy Sound Measuring Mach Bullwhip Boom Loud Waves Frequent Frequency Measuring Frequency Low Frequency High Frequency Pitch Sound Quality Technology and Sound Sonar Ultrasound Bioacoustics If a Tree Falls Sounds in Space Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Project: Soundproof Box Lesson 10: Light of the World 164 Let There Be Light! Fire in the Sky Hydrogen and Helium Explosion Creation Confirmation Radiating Race Sources of Light Electrifying Light Just Passing Through Shadows Beams and Waves Spectrum of Colors Colorful White Wavelength Very Violet You re Getting Warmer Animal Vision Eye See Blue Skies v i i
4 Primary Colors Beams of Monochromatic Light Bouncing Light Bending Light Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Experiment: Build a Periscope Lesson 11: Thermal Energy 183 Thermodynamics The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics The First Law of Thermodynamics Creation Confirmation The Second Law of Thermodynamics The Third Law of Thermodynamics The Heat of the Moment Source or Sink Traveling Heat Radiation Convection Conduction Heating Our World Insulators Set on Fire Combustion Triangle Truths Measuring Heat Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Thermometer Thermal Expansion Ways of Wonderful Water Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Experiment: Build a Solar Oven Lesson 12: Electrifying Our World 201 All Charged Up Attraction Electron Electricity Static Electricity Current Events It s Great to Insulate Electrical Ions Circling Power Lines of Power Electrical Grid Planting Power Generators Loading the Circuit Battery Power Current Flowing Circuit Central Switching Things Around Series Circuits Parallel Circuits Circuit Symbols Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Experiment: Make a Flashlight Lesson 13: Mysterious Magnetism 220 Magnetic History Magnetite Magnets Everywhere North and South My Magnetic Domain Magnetic Materials Magnetic Atoms Compass Points Northward Facing Shielding Magnet Upside-Down Poles Pole Jumping Off-Center Poles Iron Earth Electrifying Magnet Motor Moments Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Project: Magnetic Race Track v i i i
5 Lesson 14: Simple Machines 236 Archimedes Six Simple Machines Inclined Planes Twisting Planes Wedging In Levers First-Class Levers Second-Class Levers Third-Class Levers Pulling Pulleys Wheels and Axles Belting Belts Gears Final Matters What Do You Remember? Notebooking Activities Experiment: Build a Rube Goldberg Device..254 Supply List Answer Key Photo and Illustration Credits Index i x
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