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1 RTD Learn in Plt;&alea ao

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3 1. Two cars collided while traveling on a smooth surface. It is found that the sum of the kinetic energies of the carts after the collision is the same as before the collision. The collision must be A. elastic B. inelastic C. between carts of identical mass D. between carts that stick together 2. Which of the following is the correct unit for impulse? A. kg rnls 2 B. N m C. N/s D. N s!numerical Respons~ [fj In a vehicle safety test, a I 580 kg truck travelling at 60.0 krnlh collides with a concrete barrier and comes to a complete stop in O.I20 s. The magnitude of the change in the momentum of the truck, expressed in scientific notation, is x I ow kg rnls. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) 4. In order to stop two sliding objects, the greater impulse must be given to the one having the greater A. mass B. speed C. velocity D. momentum 5. A small rubber ball moving at high speed strikes a stationary cart. As a result of the collision, the rubber ball rebounds and the cart rolls forward. Which object experienced the greater magnitude of impulse? A. the cart B. the rubber ball C. both experienced the same magnitude of impulse D. it depends on whether the collision was elastic or inelastic 6. Many vehicles are equipped with air bags. The main purpose of an airbag system is to A. prevent the steering wheel from impaling the driver B. act as a cushion and shield for flying glass and debris C. shorten the stopping time of the driver's head and upper body as they move forward D. lengthen the stopping time of the driver's head and upper body as they move forward - I -

4 7. The risk of a motorist becoming fatally injured in a vehicle collision is reduced when an airbag or a seatbelt is used because the airbag or seatbelt i change in momentum by ii the stopping force the motorist experiences. The statement above is completed by the information in row Row i ii A. achieves the same decreasing.. mcreasmg B. achieves the same c. decreases the decreasing D. increases the increasing 8. An object that is traveling due north experiences an impulse that is directed to the east. The direction ofthe change in momentum of the object is A. east B. west C. north D. northeast!numerical Respons~ [I A kg vehicle moving westward at 15.0 m/s is subjected to a N s impulse to the north. The magnitude of the final momentum of the vehicle, expressed in scientific notation is a.bc x 1 Od kg m/s. The values of a, b, c, and dare,,, and (Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) 10. In an automobile collision, the severity of injury to the driver can be reduced by an airbag. In a car initially travelling at 100 km/h, the airbag stops a 62 kg driver in s. The magnitude of the average force on the driver is A. 69 kn B. 19 kn c. 9.6kN D kn!numerical Respons~ I11J A kg ball moving at 40.0 m/s is struck by a bat. The bat reverses the ball's direction and gives it a speed of 50.0 m/s. The average force the bat applies to the ball if they are in contact for 6.00 ms, expressed in scientific notation is a.bc x 10d N. The values of a, b, c, and dare,,, and. (Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) -2-

5 Use the following information to answer the next two questions. The initial speed of a remote-controlled toy car on a horizontal surface is 3.0_]11/s. The car then experiences a force in the direction of its motion. A graph of this force as a function oftime is given below. The mass of the car is 5.0 kg. Force on Toy Car as a Function of Time Ul.O &.0 i\ \ ' \ \ I I I -r L I I 1.0 # \ - - i \ LS 20 'Time (s) Two students analyze the motion of the car. One student looks at the first 1. 0 s time interval. The other student looks at the complete 1. 5 s time interval. 12. The speed of the toy car at the end of the I. 0 s time interval is A. 1.4 m/s B. 1.6 m/s C. 4.6 m/s D. 8.0 m/s 13. The magnitude of the impulse of the toy car during the 1. 5 s time interval is A. 10 kg m/s B. 12 kg m/s C. 24 kg m/s D. 40 kg m/s - 3 -

6 Use the following information to answer the next question. At a coal mine, a train engine bumps an empty hopper car that has a mass of 1.00 x 10 4 kg such that it rolls at a constant speed of2.00 m/s under a coal storage bin. When the hopper car triggers an electromagnetic switch on the track below the storage bin, the bin drops a load of 1.20 x 10 4 kg of coal into the hopper car. Cross section of coal storage bin!numerical Respons~ lt4.! The speed of the hopper car immediately after receiving the load of coal, expressed in SCientific notation, is X 1 o-w m/s. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)!numerical Respons~ Its.! A 1.20 kg ball moving due east at 40.0 m/s strikes a stationary 6.00 kg object. The 1.20 kg ball rebounds to the west at 25.0 m/s. The speed of the 6.00 kg object immediately after the collision is m/s. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) 16. A space shuttle astronaut has a mass of 110 kg with her space suit on. She is on a space walk and picks up a full can of spray with a mass of 20 kg. Relative to the space shuttle, she is at rest. She then holds the can directly in front of her centre of mass to avoid rotation and releases 3.0 kg of spray at a speed of 15 m/s. Her speed, relative to the space shuttle, when she has stopped spraying is approximately (!} 0.35 m/s B m/s C. 2.3 m/s D. 2.5 m/s -4-

7 !Numerical Respons~ lt7 J A rifle has a mass of 3.80 kg. A 2.00 g bullet is fired vertically with an initial speed of 841 m/s. The recoil speed of the rifle, expressed in scientific notation, is a.bc x 10--d m/s. The values of a, b, c, and dare,,, and. (Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) Use the following information to answer the next two questions. A kg car travelling east at 29.4 m/s on an icy road hits a parked truck that has a mass of kg. Immediately after the collision, the car was moving at 20.0 m/s in the direction 20.0 N ofe, and the truck was moving at an unknown speed in the direction 45.0 S of E. 18. What physics principles do police use to determine the speed of the truck? A. Conservation of momentum but not conservation of kinetic energy B. Conservation of kinetic energy but not conservation of momentum C. Both conservation of momentum and conservation ofkinetic energy D. Neither conservation of momentum nor conservation of kinetic energy!numerical Respons~ The magnitude of the total momentum before the collision, expressed in scientific notation, is a.bc x 1 Od kg m/s. The values of a, b, c, and dare,,, and. (Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet) Use the following information to answer the next question. A positively charged rod is placed near, but not touching, a neutral metal ball. 20. As a result of the rod's position, side X of the ball becomes relatively A. positive and the ball is attracted to the rod B. negative and the ball is attracted to the rod C. positive and the ball is repelled from the rod D. negative and the ball is repelled from the rod ++++ :c ":-+-:+-+.,..-,

8 Use the following information to answer the next question. Sheet of Curling Ice Red curling rock Blue curling A red curling rock travelling straight down a sheet of ice at 0.36 m/s contacts a stationary blue curling rock. After contact, the blue rock moves at 0.14 m/s at an angle of 67 and the red rock moves at an angle of 23, as illustrated. The mass of a curling rock is 18.8 kg. 21. The speed ofthf;: red rock, after contact, is A m/s B m/s C m/s D m/s 22. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation has a mathematical relationship similar to the one developed by A. Lenz B. Einstein C. Faraday D. Coulomb!Numerical Respons~ The magnitude of the force between two charged particles that are a fixed distance apart is 3.80 x 10-4 N. If the distance between their centres is exactly doubled, then the magnitude of the force between the particles, expressed in scientific notation, is a.bc x 10-d N. The values of a, b, c, and dare,,, and. (Record all four digits of your answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet) -6-

9 Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Electrostatic Spray Nozzles Crop-dusting planes release pesticide through electrostatic spray nozzles in order to minimize pesticide waste. The centre of each nozzle contains a needle with a positive charge. The presence of the charged needle causes the droplets passing through the opening to become charged. When the charged droplets fall onto the leaves of the crop, they are less likely to be carried away by the wind. Needle 24. The droplets leave the nozzle with a A. negative charge caused by movement of protons onto the needle B. positive charge caused by movement of protons onto the droplets C. negative charge caused by movement of electrons onto the droplets D. positive charge caused by the movement of electrons onto the needle 25. The charged droplets are kept from being blown off the leaves by the wind because the charged droplets A. gain electrons from the air and transfer them to the leaves B. fall faster through the air because they have similar charges C. repel each other and spread out, so the effect of the wind is minimized D. induce an opposite charge on the surface of the leaves so they are attracted to them v 26. The magnitude of the electrical force on an alpha particle that is 4.0 x m from an electron is A. 5.8 X N B. 1.2 X 10-IS N c. 1.5 X 10-9 N D. 2.9 X 10-9 N - 7 -

10 Use the following information to answer the next question. A positively charged object is brought near to, but does not touch, one end of a neutral metal rod on an insulated stand. The opposite end of the metal rod is grounded. The ground is removed, and then the positively charged object is removed. 27. As a result of the procedure described above, the metal rod will A. be neutral B. have a net charge of zero C. have a positive net charge D. have a negative net charge Use the following information to answer the next question. Four spheres are located near each other on a plane, as shown below. All four spheres have identical charges of J1C. u 28. Which of the following free-body diagrams shows the forces acting on sphere T? A. 1 B. y c. D

11 Use the following information to answer the next three questions. Electrostatics Two identical conducting balls, b1 and b2, each of mass 25.0 g, are hanging on 50.0 em-long insulating threads. They become equally charged and come to rest with angles of deviation of 45.0 from the vertical. 29. The electrostatic force between the charged balls can best be described as A. a repulsion due to similar charges B. an attraction due to similar charges C. a repulsion due to dissimilar charges D. an attraction due to dissimilar charges 30. The tension in the thread that supporting one of the balls is A N B N C N D N 31. If the charge on b1 is tripled and the charge on b2 is reduced to one-third of its original amount, the angles of deviation from centre would A. increase for both b1 and b2 B. decrease for both b1 and b2 C. increase for b1 and decrease for b2 D. remain the same for both b1 and b2-9-

12 32. Which of the following statements describes a relationship between the forces described by Coulomb's Law and the forces described by Newton's Law ofuniversal Gravitation? A. In atoms, gravitational forces are weaker than electrical forces. B. Gravitational forces and electrical forces are attractive forces only. C. Gravitational forces act at any distance; whereas, electrical forces act at very short distances only. D. As the distance between objects increases, electrical forces increase, whereas gravitational forces decrease. Use the following information to answer the next four questions. Charles Augustin de Coulomb performed a series of investigations on the quantitative nature of electrical forces. He was able to determine the effect of both distance and magnitude of charge on the electrostatic force between two charged metal spheres. 33. In order to determine the relationship between force and distance, Coulomb needed to A. keep the magnitude of one charge constant B. keep the magnitude of both charges constant C. keep the distance between the charges constant D. vary the magnitude of one charge while varying distance between the charges 34. Which of the following graphs represents the relationship that Coulomb determined between force and the distance between two charged metal spheres? A. B. F F r r c. D. F~ F~ r r - 10-

13 35. Coulomb started with two identically charged spheres separated by a distance r. The force between the spheres was F. If he changed the separation to ~ r, then the force between the 3 spheres would have become A. ~F 9 B. ~F 3 C. '}_F 2 D. 2F Coulomb again separated the identically charged spheres by distance r. The force between the spheres was F. Coulomb touched one of the spheres with a third, identical neutral sphere. The third sphere was then moved far away from the other spheres. If he then measured the force between the original spheres, the new force between the spheres would have been A..!_p 2 B..!_F 4 C.2F D. 4F!Numerical Respons~ Two charged objects experience a force of 18.0 N when they are placed 5.00 x 10-2 m apart. If the charge on one object is 1.30 x 10-5 C, then the charge on the other object, expressed in scientific notation, is a.bc x 1 0-d C. The values of a, b, c, and dare,,,and!numerical Respons~ ~ A small object carrying a charge of 3.47 J.!C experiences an electric force of 7.22 x 10-2 N when placed at a distance of m from a second, identically charged object. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.)

14 Use the following information to answer the next question. -3.0Q +3.0Q Charged Spheres -3.0Q ' z X y The force exerted on sphere X by sphere Yhas a magnitude of6.0 N. A third sphere, Z, with a charge -3.0 Q is introduced, as shown in the diagram. 39. The magnitude of the net force on sphere X, due to spheres Y and Z, is A. 9.0N B. 12 N C. 18N D. 24N Use the following information to answer the next two questions. Two particles, I and II, of equal mass have opposite charges. The negative charge on particle I is three times greater than the positive charge on particle II. The particles are placed 9.0 em apart. I n 40. The electric field at a point halfway between the particles is A. zero B. toward the left of the page C. toward the top of the page D. toward the right of the page - 12-

15 41. The electric force between the particles is F newtons when they are 9.0 em apart. They are moved toward each other until they are 6.0 em apart. The force between them becomes A. B. 2F 3 3F 2 C. 4F 9 9F D. 4 Use the following information to answer the next question. Electric Field The parallel arrows represent the direction of an electric field. 42. An electron is placed at point P. It will accelerate toward region A. I B. II C. III D. IV

16 Use the following information to answer the next four questions. One of the methods used to link a person to a crime scene is DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprints are as unique as the patterns on fingertips. The laboratory procedure used to produce a DNA fingerprint is called gel electrophoresis. The apparatus used in gel electrophoresis consists of two parallel plates that have an electrical potential difference between them. A layer of thick gel is placed in the region between the parallel plates such that the electric field direction is parallel to and inside the layer. In one step in creating a DNA fingerprint, molecules from a sample are given an electrical charge turning them into ions. These ions are placed at one end of the gel layer next to the negatively charged plate. As a result of the electrostatic repulsion, the electrical force does work moving the ions through the thick gel. Ions with a smaller size or a larger charge move farther through the gel layer. Gel 43. When the molecules in the biological sample are turned into ions, A. protons are added B. electrons are added C. protons are removed D. electrons are removed 44. As an ion moves toward the positively charged plate, the magnitude of the electrical force experienced by the ion A. increases as the distance decreases B. is constant as the distance decreases C. increases as the square of the distance decreases D. decreases as the square of the distance decreases - 14-

17 IN umerical Res pons~ The magnitude of the electric field between the plates, expressed in scientific notation, is a.bc x 1 Od N/C. The values of a, b, c, and dare,,, and (Record all four digits ofyour answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet) 46. In forming a DNA fingerprint, a particular ion has been moved em through the gel. The magnitude of the charge of the ion is 2e. The work done by the electrostatic force to move the ion this distance is A x 10 2 ev B X 10 2 J C x 10 2 ev D X 10 2 J Use the following information to answer the next question. Force as a Function of Electric Field Strength Electric field strength 47. The slope of the graph represents A. Coulomb's Law B. the distance between two parallel charged plates C. the magnitude of the charge on a particle in an electric field D. the potential difference between two points in an electric field

18 48. A point charge of magnitude 6.9 x 1 o- 5 C produces an electric field of 1.0 x 10 3 N/C at point P. The distance from P to the charge is A. 4.3 X 10-2 m B. 2.1 x 10-1 m C. 2.5 x 10 1 m D. 6.2 x 10 2 m 49. People inside a car are protected from the electric fields associated with lightning. Many parts of stereo components are contained in metal boxes. These two examples demonstrate that the electric field inside a closed metal container is A. opposite to the field outside B. equal to the field outside C. half the field outside D. zero 50. The electric field between a positive point charge and a negative point charge is represented by A. B. D. i,/ ,\ 1 I "/., '"-' \ T. I ',,..._ ~~.. :,,._ '"'~' ',.. ' 1// I / ""... \,,.. -,...," / ~----- /,./ f '\... ' ~"'/,~, / I... \...' '..,,...r'/i \ ~, ' r\ ' _~_ l' Jt' l -, / f. \_.,= i/ -...,, 1: \. \ I f / ~ \\/,/~.' _':_::_:rf<:~-/..,,,~...,..,...,/ i \ ',..., / : \ \ \, ' \,/ I \, \,.... ' ' / / ; \- \ 51. During a lightning strike, 30 C of charge may move through a potential difference of 1.0 X 10 8 v in 2.0 X 1 o- 2 s. The total energy released by this lightning bolt is A.3.0x10 9 J B. 6.0 X I 0 7 J C. 3.3 X 10 6 J D. 1.5 X 10 3 J

19 Use the following information to answer the next three questions. Potential Difference versus Plate Separation for Parallel Plates /~ '..,. [ /, I / d (10-3 m),...,. '. i..,. ~ i, 52. The rate of change of potential difference with respect to the plate separation (d), in SI units, is A B c. 2.1 D The proper SI units for the slope of the line on the graph are A. Jim B. V/m C. V/s D. N/s 54. The physical quantity that the slope represents is the electric A. force B. power C. field strength D. potential energy

20 Use the following information to answer the next question. An electron is fired into an electric field between oppositely charged plates, as shown below The path taken by the electron while inside the electric field resembles the path taken by A. a rock thrown horizontally from a high cliff B. an alpha particle entering a magnetic field perpendicularly C. a hammer tied to a string and whirled above a person's head D. a charged oil drop released in the region between oppositely charged plates 56. Which of the following diagrams illustrates the magnetic field surrounding a bar magnet? A. B. c. D. - I 8 -

21 Use the following information to answer the next two questions Transfotmer andactodc~ conva1el Air Cleaner Pre-filter- Calbon filter- Fan One type of air cleaner uses a single-stage electrostatic precipitator to remove very fine particles, such as cigarette smoke and pollen, from the air in a room. The first grid, marked as X in the diagram, removes electrons from the particles through a combination of friction and electrostatic action. The particles pass through grid X and leave with a positive charge. The positively charged particles are then removed from the air stream by a negatively charged grid, marked as Yin the diagram. This cleaner also contains a pre-filter and a carbon filter to help remove dust and odours. 57. When particles are between grids X and Y, they are repelled by A. grid X and each other, but are attracted to grid Y B. grid Y and each other, but are attracted to grid X C. grid X but are attracted to each other and grid Y D. grid Ybut are attracted to each other and grid X 58. An electric field ofmagnitude 7.17 x 10 4 N/C is maintained between the grids ofthe electrostatic precipitator. The distance between grids X andy is 5.60 em. The potential difference across grids X and Y is A X 10 6 v B X 10 5 v C X 10 4 V D X 10 3 v - 19-

22 59. Magnets can be produced when small magnetic regions in a metal line up their poles. These magnetic regions are called magnetic A. areas B. fields C. atoms D. domains Use the following information to answer the next question. Cable TV sends its signals on a coaxial cable that has a central copper wire. This central wire is surrounded by a layer of plastic that is then surrounded by a conducting cylinder of fine wire mesh. The outer layer of the cable is a durable plastic. layer Outer Wtre Copper layu mesh 60. The wire mesh layer is necessary because the A. cable needs a rigid reinforcing layer B. electric force inside a conductor is not zero C. electrical signals need to be shielded from strong magnetic and electric fields D. electrical signals will travel better if they have two different transmitting wires 61. Charged particles moving toward Earth are trapped within a field near Earth, where they cause the aurora borealis (northern lights) and aurora australis (southern lights). The field in which the particles are trapped is A. an electric field B. a magnetic field C. an induction field D. a gravitational field -20-

23 62. If the source of Earth's magnetic field were a bar magnet, then the best diagram to show this field would be A... ~~-~.. ~ \ j / /.,...' '~. :/ B. ; ; ', ' c. --. D... ~.. ~ ;,, " \ : i j 63. A scalar field differs from a vector field in that A. a scalar field acts in only one direction B. a vector field acts in only one direction C. direction is irrelevant for a scalar field D. direction is irrelevant for a vector field

24 Use the following information to answer the next question. An electron is initially at rest at the negatively charged plate. At the instant illustrated below, the electron has 50.0 ev ofkinetic energy.!' Electron V=215V!Numerical Respons~ ~ At any point along the path followed by the electron, the sum of the kinetic energy of the electron and its electrical potential energy, in units of electron volts, is ev. (Record your three-digit answer in the numerical-response section on the answer sheet.) Use the following information to answer the next question. Two identical magnets and a point P are located as shown below. The point P is equidistant between the two magnets. p 65. The two bar magnets cause the net magnetic field at P to be in the direction A. east B. west c. nmih D. south - 22-

25 Use the following information to answer the next question. A student holds a compass near the top of a filing cabinet and observes the direction that the needle points. When the student holds the compass near the bottom of the filing cabinet, the student observes that the compass needle is deflected 180 from its direction at the top of the cabinet. 66. A possible explanation for the deflection of the compass needle is that the A. bottom of the filing cabinet is positively charged B. bottom of the filing cabinet is negatively charged C. induced magnetic polarity of the bottom of the filing cabinet is opposite to that at the top of the filing cabinet D. bottom of the filing cabinet is closer to Earth so it is more strongly magnetized than the top of the filing cabinet Use the following information to answer the next question. Solenoid The magnetic field created inside the solenoid is directed A. into the page B. out of the page C. toward the left of the page D. toward the right of the page - 23-