Short-Distance Phenomena in Nuclear Physics

Transcription

1 Short-Distance Phenomena in Nuclear Physics

2 NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series A series of edited volumes comprising multifaceted studies of contemporary scientific issues by some of the best scientific minds in the world, assembled in cooperation with NA TO Scientific Affairs Division. This series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences B Physics C Mathematical and Physical Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation New York and London D. Reidel Publishing Company Dordrecht, Boston, and London D Behavioral and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Social Sciences The Hague, Boston, and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences G Ecological Sciences Springer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, and New York Recent Volumes in Series B: Physics Volume 97 -Mass Transport in Solids edited by F. Bemi«3re and C. R. A. Cat low Volume 98 -Quantum Metrology and Fundamental Physical Constants edited by Paul H. Cutler and Amand A. Lucas Volume 99 -Techniques and Concepts in High-Energy Physics II edited by Thomas Ferbel Volume 100-Advances in Superconductivity edited by B. Deaver and John Ruvalds Volume 101-Atomic and Molecular Physics of Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion edited by Charles J. Joachain and Douglass E. Post Volume 102-Magnetic Monopoles edited by Richard A. Carrigan, Jr., and W. Peter Trower Volume 103-Fundamental Processes in Energetic Atomic Collisions edited by H. O. Lutz, J. S. Briggs, and H. Kleinpoppen Volume 104-Short-Distance Phenomena in Nuclear Physics edited by David H. Boal and Richard M. Woloshyn

3 Short-Distance Phenomena in Nuclear Physics Edited by David H. Baal Simon Fraser University Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada and Richard M. Woloshyn TRIUMF Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Plenum Press New York and London Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division

4 Proceedings of the Pacific Summer Institute, held August 23-September 3, 1982, at Pearson College on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada Main entry under title: Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Short-distance phenomena in nuclear physics. (NATO advanced science institutes series. Series B, Physics; v. 104) "Proceedings of the Pacific Summer Institute, held August 23-September 3, 1982, at Pearson College on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada." Organized by the Theoretical Physics Division of the Canadian Association of Physicists. "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division." Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Quarks-Congresses. 2. Gluons-Congresses. 3. Nuclear structure Congresses. I. Boal, David H.II. Woloshyn, Richard M.III. Canadian Association of Physicists. Theoretical Physics Division. IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. V. Series. QC793.5.Q2522S ' ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: : / Plenum Press. New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1983 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

5 PREFACE Each summer, the Theoretical Physics Division of the Canadian Association of Physicists organizes a summer institute of two weeks duration on a current topic in theoretical physics. This volume contains the lectures from the Pacific Summer Institute held at Pearson College on Vancouver Island, B.C. (Canada) from August 23 to September 3, The Institute was titled "Progress in Nuclear Dynamics: Short-Distance Behavior in the Nucleus". The primary source of funds for the Institute came from NATO through its Advanced Study Institute programme. Significant financial support is also gratefully acknowledged from TRIUMF, Simon Fraser University, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. The topic of the school was the role of the substructure of hadrons--quarks and gluons--in nuclear physics. This includes not only the effects which may be observed in specific nuclear states, such as form factors at large momentum transfer, or the presence of hidden color components in the ground states of few nucleon systems, but also effects which may be observed in the nuclear matter continuum: the phase transition from normal nuclear matter to a plasma of quarks and gluons. The current status of the long distance phenomenology of the nucleus--the interacting boson approximation and the role of n's and ~'s in nuclear structure, is also reviewed. Because it was the intention of the organizers of the Institute to make both nuclear and particle physicists who are interested in this topic fluent in each other's language, the lectures begin with a review of quantum chromodynamics and its implementation in particle physics. The Institute was organized by a committee whose membership included, in addition to DHB and RMW, Prof. B. Castel (Queen's University, Kingston), and Prof. K.S. Viswanathan (Simon Fraser University). Secretarial help was provided by TRIUMF in the person of Ms. I. Duelli, who also undertook the arduous task of typing the proceedings. Topics and speakers for the Institute were suggested by an International Advisory Committee, whose members were Profs. S.D. Drell (SLAC), J. Hilfner (Heidelberg), F.C. Khanna (Chalk River), v

6 PREFACE C. Mahaux (Liege), B. Mottelson (NORDITA), G.R. Satchler (Oak Ridge), D. Sprung (McMaster), I. Talmi (Weizmann), and D. Wilkinson (Sussex). We thank as well the staff at Pearson College, for helping to make the operation of the Institute as smooth as it was. Lastly, someone should be thanked for the.weather: two weeks without rain to enjoy the scenery and marine life of Canada's West Coast. Vancouver, B.C. April, 1983 David H. Boal, Director Richard M. Woloshyn, Co-director

7 CONTENTS QCD as a Basis for Quark and Nuclear Forces F.E. Close Why Believe in QCD? C.H. Llewellyn Smith 27 The Successes and Failures of the Constituent Quark Model H. J. Lipkin Valon Model for Hadrons and their Interactions R.C. Hwa Multi-Quark States and Potential Models M. Harvey 101 Nuclear Chromodynamics: Implications of QCD for Nuclear Physics S. J. Brodsky The Thermodynamics of Strongly Interacting Matter H. Satz Anoma1ons, Honey and Glue in Nuclear Collisions M. Gyu1assy Pions from and about Heavy Ions J.0. Rasmussen Nuclear and Particle Physics in the Early Universe D.N. Schramm The Interacting Boson Model I. Talmi Role of Pions and Isobars in Nuclei F. C. Khanna and I. S. Towner vii

8 viii CONTENTS Nuclear Structure, Double Beta Decay and Giant Resonances L. Zamick Unity in Diversit~ Summary Talk F. C. Khanna Index 427