Switching Characteristics of Power Devices
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- Eugenia McCormick
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1 Swiching Characeriic of Power Device Device uilizaion can be grealy improved by underanding he device wiching charcaeriic. he main performance wiching characeriic of power device: he ave operaing area (SOA) of he device he urn-on and urn-off wiching ranien he wiching rajecory he ave operaing area (SOA) he area wihin he oupu characeriic of he device where i can be operaed wihou failure due o power diipaion. In general here are hree boundary for he SOA: - he maximum operaional volage - he maximum operaional curren (curren limi) - he boundary where boh volage and curren become imulaneouly large. wo SOA are defined for a power device: - he Forward Bia SOA (FBSOA) - he Revere Bia SOA (RBSOA) Differen device have differen SOA.
2 SOA for IGB I CM I C INCREASING SWICHING IMES I CM I C INCREASING REAPPLIED d /d 0 3 V/µec 0-5 ec 0-4 ec 2000 V/µec 3000 V/µec DC M M he Forward Bia SOA (FBSOA) he Revere Bia SOA (RBSOA) he urn-on ranien i ubjeced o FBSOA and he urnoff ranien i ubjeced o RBSOA. he FBSOA of IGB i quare for hor wiching ime, idenical o he FBSOA in MOSFE. hu i ha a minimal need for nubber. he higher rae d /d (called reapplied rae) during urnoff flaen ou he upper righ corner in RBSOA.
3 he urn-on and urn-off wiching ranien he real device require a finie ime o wich from on-ae o off-ae and vice vera. he volage and curren vary during hi raniion. he produc of volage and curren give inananeou power diipaed in he device. here are hree ype of power lo in he device: - he urn-on raniion power lo - he urn-off raniion power lo - he conducion lo he power device experience high volage and curren during boh urn-on and urn-off ranien. Paraiic effec (diode revere recovery, paraiic device inducace) caue addiional device volage and curren ree. Operaing he device under hi condiion require large and quare SOA. Snubber circui hape he vol-amp wiching rajecory of power device. Snubber circui allow he uilizaion of power device wih le han perfec quare SOA.
4 SWICHING WAVEFORMS FOR RESISIVE LOAD V d + - i R + v - Swich Conrol ignal on off on off = /f v, i V d I o V d V on c(on) c(off) P 0.25V d I o W c(on) W c(off) W on P on lo P off lo = i ( ) v 0 = i ( ) v 0 P conducion-lo = V on I o on f d = [ Shaded area under graph] = [ V I 6 d o c( on) d = [ Shaded area under graph] = [ V I 6 d o c( off ) ] = V I 6 d o c( on) ] = V I 6 f d o c( off ) f
5 SIMPLIFIED SWICHING WAVEFORMS FOR DIODE CLAMPED INDUCIVE LOAD P on lo = 0 i ( )v d = [ Shaded area under graph] = [ V 2 I d o c( on ) ] = V 2 I f d o c( on ) P off lo = 0 i ( )v d = [ Shaded area under graph] = [ V 2 I d o c( off ) ] = V 2 I f d o c( off ) P conducion-lo = V on I o on f
6 he Swiching rajecory of power device I C ON SOA V on OFF urn-on wiching rajecory urn-off wiching ON I C he wiching rajecory for reiive load SOA V on OFF urn-on wiching rajecory urn-off wiching rajecory he wiching rajecory for inducive load
7 Snubber Circui A nubber i a circui conneced around a power device for he purpoe of alering i wiching rajecory. Snubber uually have he objecive of reducing power lo in he power device. Snubber circui are generally caegorized ino wo baic caegorie: - urn-off nubber - urn-on nubber hey are alo claified a: - loy nubber (RCD and RLD nubber) - lole nubber (energy recovery nubber) Snubber circui ac o preven fa change of volage (urnoff nubber) or curren (urn-on nubber) during wiching, o ha he commuaion proce can become more nearly linear. Lr Dr Rr urn-on nubber IGB Rf Df Cf urn-off nubber
8 I C ON SOA Wihou Snubber V on Wih Snubber OFF urn-on wiching rajecory urn-off wiching rajecory he wiching rajecory for inducive load Wih and wihou nubber he power aborbed by he power device i reduced by he nubber circui. A large capacior reduce he power lo in he power device, bu a he expene of power lo in he nubber reior. he ue of he nubber may reduce or may no reduce he oal power lo, bu perhap more imporan, he nubber can reduce he loe in he power device and reduce he cooling requiremen for he device. he power device i more prone o failure and i harder o cool han he reior, o he nubber make he deign more reliable.
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