APPENDIXES. Let the following constants be established for those using the active Mathcad

Transcription

1 3 APPENDIXES Let te following constants be establised for tose using te active Matcad form of tis book: m.. e kg Electron rest mass. q.. o coul Electron quantum carge. µ... o enry m Magnetic permeability. ε... o farad m Dielectric permittivity. r.. c m Compton electron radius. l.. q m Classic electron radius. c m. sec Speed of ligt in vacuum. α Fine structure constant. G newton. m. kg Accepted gravitational constant. R.. n m Bor radius of Hydrogen joule. sec Plank constant. V... n m sec Bor n Orbital Velocity Tese are te currently accepted values. Te below constants are related directly to te teory of electrogravitation proposed by tis autor. V... LM m sec Least quantum velocity. f.. LM Hz Least quantum frequency. L.. Q enry Least quantum inductance. C.. Q farad Least quantum capacitance. i. LM q o f LM or, i LM = amp (= Least quantum amp.)

2 4 Appendix Te Atomic Generation of te Electrograviton It can be sown tat te electrograviton may be created in te atomic realm and also tat te gravitational force was te last force to evolve from te cooling of matter after te Big Bang occurred. Te case in point will be made using te Hydrogen atom. 354) Were; t LM f LM and Q i q o t LM (Q i = least quantum amperes.) First, te energy level of te N orbital of Hydrogen is calculated; (355) E. n m e V n or, E n = joule ten te potential voltage is calculated; E n (356) Volts n or, Volts = q n volt o next, a time can be calculated related to te parameters above for N as: (357) t xn. L Q Q i or, t = Volts xn sec n ten, te basic time related to te quantum energy of te N orbital is found as: (358) t n m. e V n or, t n = sec and finally te ratio of te times is arrived at; t n (359) or, ratio t ratio = t t xn (Wic is ~ in numerical terms.)

3 5 were, = Hz = Quantum electrogravitational t LM frequency. Te (-) term in te ratio comes from te classical expression for determining te induced voltage wen te inductance and rate of cange of current is known. Tus tere is establised te mecanism for te creation of te electrograviton at te atomic level as is sown above since te quantum time used to define te minimum quantum current is t LM as in Q i = q o / t LM. (Current = carge / unit of time). Q i is erein defined as te lowest allowable quantum current as defined above.

4 6 Appendix A possible Quantum Drive Mecanism Tere exists a condition in te atomic orbitals tat allows for te translation of electron position instantaneously from one position to anoter by raising te orbital energy in a quantum amount tat will raise tat electron to te next iger orbital level or completely out of te atom if te energy is ig enoug. Te very interesting action tat occurs is tat te smaller te energy difference between orbitals te larger te jump as te electron rises to iger orbital energy levels. Previously te concept was presented werein it was proposed tat all matter inside of a properly designed and controlled standing wave matter field could be eld in rigid position by tat field. If now we were to allow for te electrons on te surface of te craft to circulate or assume positions of probability around a center of te top and bottom of te craft and ten to cause te electrons to step all in one direction or te oter tere exists te possibility tat te craft would follow and so would everyting in it. Te action would be instantaneous and te better te control over te discrete quantum steps in energy level, te furter eac jump would be. Tis would be te second form of te propulsion system tat would be used by te craft and it would explain wy te craft tat ave been observed by our radars can make suc ig speed oblique turns tat seem impossible to us. Finally, te ability to control quantum energy in suc a fasion may allow for te projection of solid images tat would appear to us to be real persons or objects. It also suggests te possibility of a very advanced form of weaponry tat could not be sielded against and terefore also suggests tat we sould respect woever ad tat capability and act towards tem accordingly.

5 7 Appendix 3 Te Electrogravitational Connection to te Fluxoid Quantum Let te following parameters be defined as: µ. o Q i (360) B Quantum or, B =. l Quantum tesla q And, V LM (36) r LM or, r. π. LM = m f LM Ten te field flux for te area related to r LM is: (36) Φ.. Q B Quantum π r LM Φ Q = weber Te recognized value for te Quantum Fluxoid is: (363) Φ.. o weber Φ o were te ratio: = Φ Q And tis ratio is very nearly numerically equal to unity or one. Te Φ o value above was obtained by solving for te flux B Quantum taken at te classic electron radius using te minimum quantum current Q i = q o / t LM taken out to te area based on te electrogravitational action radius r LM. Tus it is establised (along wit te page (4) presentation of "Te Atomic Generation of te Electro- graviton") tat tere exists a direct connection of te electrogravitational time t LM tat defines te minimum quantum current Q i wic in turn defines te time in te n orbital as well as te basic fluxoid quantum Φ ο. Note tat Φ o may be defined as:

6 8 (364) Φ o or, Φ =. q o weber o Summarizing te above; t n Φ o (365) = and = also. t xn Φ Q t n / t xn or; Q (366).. i L = m. Q e V n Volts n and, Φ ο / Φ Q. µ (367). o Q i.. π r =. q. o l LM q All of te above is based on te definition of Q i as; (368) Q i = amp = q o / t LM. Note te following: (369) R.. Q om = Quantum Hall Om. and (370) R.. s R Q α or, R s = om = Free Space Radiation Resistance. (37). Q i R Q = Hz ( = f LM based on quantum R Q.)

7 9 And; Q. i R s (37) = Hz ( = f classic based on free- space resistance R S. Tis frequency is detectable as a normal e-m rad.) Were, R s = om And; Q. i R Q (373) f LM Q. i R s And, f classic Were; f LM = Hz f classic = Hz And finally: f LM (374).. α = (Or very nearly = unity.) f classic Bot of te above frequencies may be investigated by spectrum analysis metods and if tey are detected would be proof of te electrogravitational action.

8 0 Appendix 4 Furter Consideration of How Area X Time Relates Energy Density to Pressure, Momentum, and Wavelengt. Equations (4) and (5) previous on pages 8 &9 sowed ow te multiplying of te Compton area and time times te calculated energy density of te Compton torus yielded te field energy at te surface of te electron. Te following will derive first te pressure max. and ten te momentum and finally te wavelengt related to tat momentum. (375) Let: r c. π. m. e c or, r c = m wic is te Compton wavelengt of te electron. Ten: q. o c (376) E DTorus 8. π 3. ε. 4 o r c E DTorus = m watt wic is te power density of a torus wit te radius parameters = r c. Ten te input pressure to tat torus is: q o (377) P pressure 8. π 3. ε. 4 o r c or, P pressure = Pa Ten let te time associated wit te rest-mass energy of te electron be stated as: (378) t c or t m. c = sec e c Te pressure in (377) above is looking for a way into our normal space were te normal space actual pressure is:

9 (379) P... pressure π r c t c = m secpa And, (380) P momentum P... pressure π r c t c or, P momentum = kg m sec (38) λ momentum P momentum or, λ momentum = m ( = Bor n wavelengt.) Note: Te Compton area X Compton time = Quantum Time Gate. Tis establises te wavelengt in terms of te maximum energy density by means of dividing te maximum energy density by c, te velocity of ligt, to obtain te pressure and ten multiplying tat value times te Compton area and time to obtain te quantum momentum term above. Te rest is self evident as a fundamental result from a not so obvious possibility at te beginning. Tis establises te energy of imaginary energy space as extremely large and its associated pressure (witout being limited by appropriate gating) as being vast also.

10 APPENDIX 5 MULTIPLE UNIVERSES and Tere exists witin te energy and time variables tat apply to Planks constant an interesting situation tat on te surface may appear to be quite trivial at first glance but in te following presentation concerning energy and its equivalent quantum frequency te constant reveals more tan a casually interesting iteration of itself. Given tat te quantum radiated energy due to a differential kinetic energy of an orbital sift from one level to anoter is equivalent to E LM, ten; (38) E LM. f LM were t LM f LM and also, (383). E LM t LM Tus; or, = sec joule (384). f. LM t LM is mirrored in. or, = sec joule (385). f... LM t LM f LM t LM is double-mirrored in. or, = sec joule It is easy to see tat te above process can mirror in indefinitely and if we set fort te limit tat in as to be in even multiples of f LM and set te upper limit at te Compton frequency related to te E = mc = f c ten;

11 3 Let, m. e c (386) f c or, (387) N universes f c = Hz f c N universes = f LM Tis would represent te total parallel universes in all of creation.

12 4 APPENDIX 6 THE FINE STRUCTURE CONSTANT AND QUANTUM POWER RATIOS Let: t x t LM were, t LM = And; L.. Q enry sec and te formula for self induced voltage is: E ind = - L ( i / t), ten, q (388) E. o q. o LM L Q were, = t LM t x t LM and ten; amp E LM = volt wic is f LM x twice te magnitude of te fluxoid quantum Φ o ; or, (389) Φ o = weber and were, ten, E LM = Hz and, f. LM = Φ o Hz (390) Φ LM. L Q q o or, Φ =. t LM weber LM were again,. Φ. o q o = sec joule = E LM (39) = Hz wic now gives flm as a positive. Φ LM value. Finally, power = E x I or voltage times current, ten: q (39) S. o q.. o LM L Q. t LM t x t LM or,

13 5 S LM = watt = / L x I / (time) = energy/unit time Te radiated power associated wit te free-space resistance R s is; (393) R. s µ o c or, R s = om or, (394) P q. o. avg R s or, P = t avg watt LM and stating S LM for te max. standing-wave power condition were; q (395) S. o.. LMmax L Q t LM t x q o t LM were also; S LMmax = watt and, (396) R Q. q o or, R Q = om tus, (378) P Q q o. R t Q LM or, P Q = watt also, and finally; P avg (397) = and 3 α = S LMmax (Wic is te fine structure constant.) Note tat te fine structure constant α can express te ratio of maximum potential field energy to te rest mass field energy and/or taken anoter way te average quantum radiated power to te maximum quantum standing wave power and note tat real power = E x I x (cos θ). Ten te average quantum radiated field power can equal S LMmax x (cos θ), or;

14 6 P avg (398) P ratio or, P = S ratio LMmax and, α = and let θ ep acos P ratio or, θ ep = ten; deg (399) S. LMmax cos θ ep = watt and, (400) P avg = watt or very nearly = to S LMmax (cos θ). Tus a small sift in te purely reactive standing wave of 90 degrees to θ ep above accounts for te detectable field at a point distant from te mass were again mass is defined as field energy in a standing wave situation. R Q is tus associated wit standing wave power and R S wit radiated field power. Te question is now posed: "wat is te power of te n orbital of Hydrogen if te frequency related to te quantum energy of te n orbital is substituted into equation (395) on page 5 previous?" let E. n m e V n were f x E n and, t x f x ten: (40) S nmax L. Q q o q.. o t LM t x t LM and f x = Hz and, S nmax = watt were, were also, E n = joule

15 7 tus; (40) S nmax = E n Hz (Wic is te statement for te f LM radiation from te n orbital and in fact makes te case for all orbitals.) Te negative frequency term comes from te negative time engendered by te nature of te counter-emf of equation E ind = - / L (I) wic is te standard form in pysics textbooks of today. Tis implies a negative energy of te radiation tat will subtract energy temporarily from any positive energy tat it encounters. Since our known universe is positive energy for te most part ten most all of te interactions involving te electrograviton will be one of "attraction" were te reaction is towards te incoming direction of te electrograviton. Tis will ave an overall cooling effect. Now let te following n energy to proton field energy be taken and ten te arccos of tat ratio yield an angle tat may define te protons contribution to establising a possible field energy well for te electron in te n orbital from its compton field. First, te mass of te proton is: m.. p kg Ten, E n (403) E pn m.. p c α E pn = were, θ pn acos E pn or, θ pn = deg wic is a small deviation from pure reactive field energy, enoug owever to establis te positive field energy potential well at te compton radius of te electron. Note tat; m.. e c cos θ ep = joule m.. p c cos θ pn = joule

16 8 Te energies will cancel eac oter and tus form a stable well or null-point in space for eac particles projected field energy. Te reactive and resistive components may be derived from te electron and proton angles from te previous page as sown below; ten, θ ep = deg were R Q = om (404) x ep. R Q cos θ ep y ep. R Q sin θ ep x ep = om y ep = om µ. o c and, = (Resistive) om For te protons resistive and reactive components; (were again,) (Reactive) θ pn = deg R Q = om ten, (405) x pn. R Q cos θ pn y pn. R Q sin θ pn x pn = om y pn = om (Resistive) And taking te ratio of te electron to proton oms resistive; (Reactive) x ep m p (406) = were, = x pn m e It is possible tat te low source oms of te proton and te iger load resistance of te electron forms te proper matc for te energy transfer rate tat establises not only te fine structure constant but sets te mass of te proton to te proper

17 9 amount over tat of te electron in order tat te energy flowing in from te upper parallel universe flows troug at te proper rate to te lower parallel universe. Tis concept is expanded upon in te next appendix on page 30. Te mass is set by nearly perfect standing waves as outlined previously and te standing waves lead to te generation of prime numbers tat are unique to te electron and proton in tis universe alone. Te ability to travel between parallel universes would depend on te selection of te proper exact prime number energy transformation in a coerent quantum sense.

18 30 APPENDIX 7 THE PRIME OF PRIMES Let it now be postulated tat te standing-wave concept of mass being locked-in field energy be extended to te idea tat te frequency or repetition rate for te process of containing te standing wave field is related to a prime number tat is different for te proton and electron suc tat tere will most likely never be an occurrence of te two rates of oscillation ever creating a continuous beat frequency and tus destroying te standing-wave field tat defines te mass of eac fundamental particle. Furter, tis prime number for eac rate of oscillation is determined by te energy loss due to te almost perfect 90 degree reactive field nature of eac particle and te rate of energy inflow to te electron and te outflow from te proton wic allows for te energy to mass establisment of our matter containing universe as we know it. Tis defines our universe as existing as a narrowly defined energy level between two adjacent yper or imaginary spaces suc tat at least one of wic is at a iger energy and different prime number tan our space and is feeding te electron and at least one oter is also in yper or imaginary space and is of a lower energy level and is based on a different prime number. Te product of te two prime numbers will yield a grand prime number tat defines our space uniquely from all of te oter possible universes. Ten all of te oter possible universes would also ave teir distinct grand prime number and te total number of universes allowed may be defined as presented in equation #(387) on page 3 previous, or;

19 3 (407) N universes = Tis may well be enoug universes for te accomplisment of te full purpose of wat God as planned for all of creation and quite possibly beyond anyting mere mortals could possibly imagine. Our universe as we know it would be but one of te possible unit numbers of te number of possible universes given above in (407). Furter, I am reminded of te following passage from Hebrews quoted in te KJV below: "Troug fait we understand tat te worlds were framed by te word of God, so tat tings wic are seen were not made of tings wic do appear." Hebrews :3 Ten our universe becomes a quantized state based on a prime-number code tat is given a unique place and exists in a state of limited flux troug wic te energies defined above pass troug tat form matter wic is formed by nearly perfectly balanced standing waves and it is te small difference in perfection tat allows for te flux to occur at all. Tus not only can te idea of flux (or cange of a given quantity per unit time) be assigned to fields locally but to our entire universe as only being a part of te wole of many created universes. Te energy tat flows troug our universe flows troug all of tem and tat energy is God, keeper and creator of te ultimate prime number for all of te possible prime number products for all of te universes for all of time tat flows forever.

20 3 APPENDIX 8 A Classic to Electrogravitational Conversion Formula Process Back on page, equation (3), te units expressing te electrogravitational force in enry / meter times newton squared was presented and te following will opefully clarify ow tis follows naturally from te combination of rotating force equations wit te permeability of free space included as a connection constant. Let; m µ. o q o and, = 4. π. l q G kg m 3 sec or, m = kg and, m m m m r R n r R n Te classic formula for gravitational force is given by: G. m. m (408) F classic or, F = r. r classic newton Note tat te above equation may be expanded to te following: (409) G'. µ o V LM 4 or, G' = kg m 5 sec 4 coul and G = kg m 3 sec. m V. LM m (40) F.. V LM eg µ r o were m r µ. o q o = m 4. π. e l q or, F eg = m enry. newton It is easily seen tat if r is te same as r and V LM 4 is a idden constant in te normal gravitational constant G along wit te magnetic permeability constant µ ο

21 33 ten G is a constant tat is more complex tan it as previously been tougt to be. Te classic force equation would be te apparent case of te gravitational constant times te product of te separate masses and te inverse of te square of te distance between tem but te true nature of te geometry actually involving te force between two separate systems of rotational force coupled by te magnetic permeability constant would not be apparent at all. Tus te interaction of te rotational forces of spinning or rotating carges eiter in boson or fermionic states will engender te electrogravitational force between systems of forces troug yperspace. Remember back on page 44 were equation (95) related tat same rotational force to te classic gravitational equation wic is a basis for establising te curvature of space in terms of te general teory of relativity. -- END --