Preview from Notesale.co.uk Page 2 of 42
|
|
- Rolf Short
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Dalton (1805) Tomson (1896) - Positive and negative carges Ruterford (1909) - Te Nucleus Bor (1913) - Energy levels Atomic Model : Timeline CATHODE RAYS THE DISCOVERY OF ELECTRON Scrödinger (196) - Electron cloud model Te knowledge about te electron was derived as a result of te study of te electric discarge in te discarge tube (J.J. Tomson, 1896). Te discarge tube consists of a glass tube wit metal electrodes fused in te walls (Fig. 1.1). Troug a glass side-arm air can be drawn wit a pump. Te electrodes are connected to a source of ig voltage (10,000 Volts) and te air partially evacuated. Te electric discarge passes between te electrodes and te residual gas in te tube begins to glow. If virtually all te gas is evacuated from witin te tube, te glow is replaced by faintly luminous rays wic produce fluorescence on te glass at te end far from te catode. Te rays wic proceed from te catode and move away from it at rigt angles in straigt lines are called Catode Rays. Page of 4 Catode rays To vacuum pump Fluorescence Catode Anode Hig voltage Figure 1.1 Production of catode rays.
2 STRUCTURE OF ATOM CLASSICAL MECHANICS 15 SOLVED PROBLEM. Te wavelengt of a violet ligt is 400 nm. Calculate its frequency and wave number. SOLUTION. We know tat frequency, v = c λ Here c = m sec 1 ; λ = 400 nm = m Also, wave number ν = = 8 1 c m sec = λ m 3 10 sec = 10 sec 400 = sec ν = 1 λ 1 ν = m = m 1 SOLVED PROBLEM. Te frequency of strong yellow line in te spectrum of sodium is sec 1. Calculate te wavelengt of te ligt in nanometers. SOLUTION. We know tat wavelengt, λ = c ν Here c = m sec 1 Page 15 of 4 ν = sec 1 (given) m sec Wavelengt λ = sec = 10 m 5.09 = m = 589 nm [ 1 nm = 10 9 m] SPECTRA A spectrum is an array of waves or particles spread out according to te increasing or decreasing of some property. An increase in frequency or a decrease in wavelengt represent an increase in energy. THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Electromagnetic radiations include a range of wavelengts and tis array of wavelengts is referred to as te Electromagnetic radiation spectrum or simply Electromagnetic spectrum. Te electromagnetic spectrum wit marked wavelengts is sown in Fig
3 16 1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Figure 1.14 Electromagnetic spectrum. Wavelengt boundaries of eac region are approximate. CONTINUOUS SPECTRUM Wite ligt is radiant energy coming from te sun or from incandescent lamps. It is composed of ligt waves in te range Å. Eac wave as a caracteristic colour. Wen a beam of wite ligt is passed troug a prism, different wavelengts are refracted (or bent) troug different angles. Wen received on a screen, tese form a continuous series of colour bands : violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red (VIBGYOR). Tis series of bands tat form a continuous rainbow of colours, is called a Continuous Spectrum. Page 16 of 4 Figure 1.15 Te continuous spectrum of wite ligt.
4 Name STRUCTURE OF ATOM CLASSICAL MECHANICS Region were located (1) Lyman Series Ultraviolet () Balmer Series Visible (3) Pascen Series Infrared (4) Brackett Series Infrared (5) Pfund Series Infrared Balmer equation ad no teoretical basis at all. Nobody ad any idea ow it worked so accurately in finding te wavelengts of te spectral lines of ydrogen atom. However, in 1913 Bor put forward is teory wic immediately explained te observed ydrogen atom spectrum. Before we can understand Bor teory of te atomic structure, it is necessary to acquaint ourselves wit te quantum teory of energy. QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION Te wave teory of transmission of radiant energy appeared to imply tat energy was emitted (or absorbed) in continuous waves. In 1900 Max Planck studied te spectral lines obtained from ot-body radiations at different temperatures. According to im, ligt radiation was produced discontinuously by te molecules of te ot body, eac of wic was vibrating wit a specific frequency wic increased wit temperature. Tus Planck proposed a new teory tat a ot body radiates energy not in continuous waves but in small units of waves. Te unit wave or pulse of energy is called Quantum (plural, quanta). In 1905 Albert Einstein sowed tat ligt radiations emitted by excited atoms or molecules were also transmitted as particles or quanta of energy. Tese ligt quanta are called potons. Te general Quantum Teory of Electromagnetic Radiation in its present form may be stated as : (1) Wen atoms or molecules absorb or emit radiant energy, tey do so in separate units of waves called quanta or potons. Tus ligt radiations obtained from energised or excited atoms consist of a stream of potons and not continuous waves. Page 19 of 4 Continuous wave 19 Potons or Quanta Individual poton Figure 1.0 A continuous wave and potons. () Te energy, E, of a quantum or poton is given by te relation E = ν...(1) were ν is te frequency of te emitted radiation, and te Planck s Constant. Te value of = erg sec. or J sec. We know tat c, te velocity of radiation, is given by te equation c = λν...() Substituting te value of ν from () in (1), we can write
5 8 1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY Significance of Negative Value of Energy Te energy of an electron at infinity is arbitrarily assumed to be zero. Tis state is called zero-energy state. Wen an electron moves and comes under te influence of nucleus, it does some work and spends its energy in tis process. Tus te energy of te electron decreases and it becomes less tan zero i.e. it acquires a negative value. Bor s Explanation of Hydrogen Spectrum Te solitary electron in ydrogen atom at ordinary temperature resides in te first orbit (n = 1) and is in te lowest energy state (ground state). Wen energy is supplied to ydrogen gas in te discarge tube, te electron moves to iger energy levels viz.,, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, etc., depending on te quantity of energy absorbed. From tese ig energy levels, te electron returns by jumps to one or oter lower energy level. In doing so te electron emits te excess energy as a poton. Tis gives an excellent explanation of te various spectral series of ydrogen. Lyman series is obtained wen te electron returns to te ground state i.e., n = 1 from iger energy levels (n =, 3, 4, 5, etc.). Similarly, Balmer, Pascen, Brackett and Pfund series are produced wen te electron returns to te second, tird, fourt and fift energy levels respectively as sown in Fig Page 8 of 4 Figure 1.8 Hydrogen spectral series on a Bor atom energy diagram. TABLE 1.3. SPECTRAL SERIES OF HYDROGEN Series n 1 n Region Wavelengt λ (Å) Lyman 1, 3, 4, 5, etc. ultraviolet Balmer 3, 4, 5, 6, etc. visible Pascen 3 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. infrared Brackett 4 5, 6, 7 infrared Pfund 5 6, 7 infrared
6 38 1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 9. In ydrogen atom te energy of te electron in first Bor's orbit is J mol 1. Wat is te energy required for te excitation of second Bor's orbit? (Burdwan BSc, 005) Answer J mol Calculate te wavelengt in Å of te poton tat is emitted wen an electron in Bor orbit n = returns to te orbit n = 1 in te ydrogen atom. Te ionisation potential in te ground state of ydrogen atom is erg per atom. (Kalayani BSc, 005) Answer. 10 Å 31. A line at 434 nm in Balmer series of spectrum corresponds to a transition of an electron from te nt to nd Bor orbit. Wat is te value of n? (Gulbarga BSc, 006) Answer. n = 5 3. Te energy transition in ydrogen atom occurs from n = 3 to n = energy level. (R = m 1 ). (i) Calculate te wavelengt of te emitted electron (ii) Will tis electron be visible? (iii) Wic spectrum series does tis poton belong to? (Vikram BSc, 006) Answer Å ; Yes ; Balmer series 33. Te energy of te electron in te second and tird Bor orbits of te ydrogen atom is erg and erg respectively. Calculate te wavelengt of te emitted radiation wen te electron drops from tird to second orbit. (Calicut BSc, 006) Answer Å MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Catode rays are deflected by (a) electric field only (b) magnetic field only (c) electric and magnetic field (d) none of tese. Te e/m value for te particles constituting catode rays is te same regardless of (a) te gas present in catode rays tube (b) te metal of wic catode was made (c) bot of tese (d) none of tese 3. Te carge to mass ratio (e/m) of positive particles (a) varies wit te nature of gas in discarge tube (b) is independent of te gas in discarge tube (c) is constant (d) none of te above 4. A sub atomic particle wic as one unit mass and one unit positive carge is known as (a) ydrogen atom (b) neutron (c) electron (d) proton Answer. (d) 5. Atomic number of an element is equal to te number of in te nucleus of te atom. (a) neutrons (b) protons (c) bot te neutrons and protons (d) electrons 6. Te mass number of an atom is equal to te number of in te nucleus of an atom (a) protons (b) neutrons Page 38 of 4
7 40 1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 17. In potoelectric effect, te kinetic energy of te potoelectrons increases linearly wit te (a) wavelengt of te incident ligt (b) frequency of te incident ligt (c) velocity of te incident ligt (d) none of tese 18. Te kinetic energy of te potoelectrons emitted from te metal surface is given by te relation (v o is te tresold frequency and v is te frequency of incident ligt) (a) ½ m v = v v o (b) ½ mv = v + v o (c) ½ mv = v (d) ½ mv = v o 19. In Bor s model of atom, te angular momentum of an electron orbiting around te nucleus is given by te relation (a) n m ν r = π (b) m ν r = π (c) n n m ν r = (d) m ν r = 4 π 4 π 0. Te radius of first orbit in ydrogen atom according to Bor s Model is given by te relation (a) r = (b) r = (c) r = (d) r = 4 1. Te radius of first orbit in ydrogen atom is 0.59 Å. Te radius of second orbit is given by (a) ½ 0.59 Å (b) 0.59 Å (c) Å (d) Å. Te energy of an electron in te first orbit in ydrogen atom is 313.6/n kcal mol 1. Te energy of te electron in 3rd orbit is given by te relation (a) E 3 = kcal mol (b) E 3 3 = kcal mol (c) E 3 = kcal mol 9 (d) 1 E 3 = kcal mol 3. Lyman series is obtained wen te electrons from iger energy levels return to (a) 1st orbit (b) nd orbit (c) 3rd orbit (d) 4t orbit 4. A line in Pfund series is obtained wen an electron from iger energy levels returns to (a) 1st orbit (b) 3rd orbit (c) 5t orbit (d) 6t orbit 5. Te energy of an electron in Bor s atom as we move away from te nucleus (a) remains te same (b) decreases (c) increases (d) sometimes increases, sometimes decreases 6. Wen an electron drops from a iger energy level to a lower energy level, ten (a) te energy is absorbed (b) te energy is released (c) te nuclear carge increases (d) te nuclear carge decreases Page 40 of 4
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Important Points: 1. J.J. Tomson and Sir William Crookes studied te discarge of electricity troug gases. At about.1 mm of Hg and at ig voltage invisible streams called
More informationQUESTIONS ) Of the following the graph which represents the variation of Energy (E) of the photon with the wavelength (λ) is E E 1) 2) 3) 4)
CET II PUC: PHYSICS: ATOMIC PHYSICS INTRODUCTION TO ATOMIC PHYSICS, PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT DUAL NATURE OF MATTER, BOHR S ATOM MODEL SCATTERING OF LIGHT and LASERS QUESTIONS ) Wic of te following statements
More informationAssignment Solutions- Dual Nature. September 19
Assignment Solutions- Dual Nature September 9 03 CH 4 DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION & MATTER SOLUTIONS No. Constants used:, = 6.65 x 0-34 Js, e =.6 x 0-9 C, c = 3 x 0 8 m/s Answers Two metals A, B ave work
More informationUNIT-1 MODERN PHYSICS
UNIT- MODERN PHYSICS Introduction to blackbody radiation spectrum: A body wic absorbs all radiation tat is incident on it is called a perfect blackbody. Wen radiation allowed to fall on suc a body, it
More informationThe structure of the atoms
Te structure of te atoms Atomos = indivisible University of Pécs, Medical Scool, Dept. Biopysics All tat exists are atoms and empty space; everyting else is merely tougt to exist. Democritus, 415 B.C.
More information1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE. Specific Charge (e/m) c/g
1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE Synopsis : Fundamental particles: According to Dalton atom is te smallest indivisible particle. But discarge tube experiments ave proved tat atom consists of some more smaller particles.
More informationContents. Theory Exercise Exercise Exercise Exercise Answer Key 28-29
ATOMIC STRUCTURE Topic Contents Page No. Teory 0-04 Exercise - 05-4 Exercise - 5-9 Exercise - 3 0-3 Exercise - 4 4-7 Answer Key 8-9 Syllabus Bor model, spectrum of ydrogen atom, quantum numbers; Wave-particle
More informationnucleus orbital electron wave 2/27/2008 Quantum ( F.Robilliard) 1
r nucleus orbital electron wave λ /7/008 Quantum ( F.Robilliard) 1 Wat is a Quantum? A quantum is a discrete amount of some quantity. For example, an atom is a mass quantum of a cemical element te mass
More information7. QUANTUM THEORY OF THE ATOM
7. QUANTUM TEORY OF TE ATOM Solutions to Practice Problems Note on significant figures: If te final answer to a solution needs to be rounded off, it is given first wit one nonsignificant figure, and te
More information38. Photons and Matter Waves
38. Potons and Matter Waves Termal Radiation and Black-Body Radiation Color of a Tungsten filament as temperature increases Black Red Yellow Wite T Termal radiation : Te radiation depends on te temperature
More informationProblem Set 4 Solutions
University of Alabama Department of Pysics and Astronomy PH 253 / LeClair Spring 2010 Problem Set 4 Solutions 1. Group velocity of a wave. For a free relativistic quantum particle moving wit speed v, te
More informationDual Nature of matter and radiation: m v 1 c
Dual Nature of matter and radiation: Potons: Electromagnetic radiation travels in space in te form discrete packets of energy called potons. Tese potons travel in straigt line wit te speed of ligt. Important
More information28 64 Ni is - g/mole Se (D)
EXERCISE-0 CHECK YOUR GRASP SELECT THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE (ONLY ONE CORRECT ANSWER). Te element aving no neutron in te nucleus of its atom is - (A) ydrogen (B) nitrogen (C) elium (D) boron. Te particles
More informationM12/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX. Physics Higher level Paper 1. Thursday 10 May 2012 (afternoon) 1 hour INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
M12/4/PHYSI/HPM/ENG/TZ1/XX 22126507 Pysics Higer level Paper 1 Tursday 10 May 2012 (afternoon) 1 our INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open tis examination paper until instructed to do so. Answer all te
More informationQuantum Numbers and Rules
OpenStax-CNX module: m42614 1 Quantum Numbers and Rules OpenStax College Tis work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under te Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 Abstract Dene quantum number.
More informationQuantum Theory of the Atom
The Wave Nature of Light Quantum Theory of the Atom Electromagnetic radiation carries energy = radiant energy some forms are visible light, x rays, and radio waves Wavelength ( λ) is the distance between
More informationChapter 5 Electrons In Atoms
Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms 5.1 Revising the Atomic Model 5.2 Electron Arrangement in Atoms 5.3 Atomic Emission Spectra and the Quantum Mechanical Model 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
More informationCHAPTER 4 QUANTUM PHYSICS
CHAPTER 4 QUANTUM PHYSICS INTRODUCTION Newton s corpuscular teory of ligt fails to explain te penomena like interference, diffraction, polarization etc. Te wave teory of ligt wic was proposed by Huygen
More informationTest on Nuclear Physics
Test on Nuclear Pysics Examination Time - 40 minutes Answer all questions in te spaces provided Tis wole test involves an imaginary element called Bedlum wic as te isotope notation sown below: 47 11 Bd
More informationExplain the term subshell. 5. Explain de-broglie equation (relationship). 6. Discuss the dual nature of electrons
MODEL COLLEGE ASSIGNMENT SHEET FOR STRUCTURE OF ATOM. What are the main postulates of Bohr s theory of an atom?. Explain how the angular momentum of an electron in an atom is quantized? 3. What are the
More informationThe Development of Atomic Theory
The Development of Atomic Theory Democritus (400 BC) John Dalton (1803) J.J. Thomson (1897) Ernest Rutherford (1911) James Chadwick (1932) - suggested that matter is composed of indivisible particles called
More informationATOMIC PHYSICS PREVIOUS EAMCET QUESTIONS ENGINEERING
ATOMIC PHYSICS PREVIOUS EAMCET QUESTIONS ENGINEERING 9. Te work function of a certain metal is. J. Ten te maximum kinetic energy of potoelectrons emitted by incident radiation of wavelengt 5 A is: (9 E)
More informationTutorial 2 (Solution) 1. An electron is confined to a one-dimensional, infinitely deep potential energy well of width L = 100 pm.
Seester 007/008 SMS0 Modern Pysics Tutorial Tutorial (). An electron is confined to a one-diensional, infinitely deep potential energy well of widt L 00 p. a) Wat is te least energy te electron can ave?
More informationratio for cathode rays is very low.
Q. 1 Which is not basic postulate of Dalton s atomic theory? Option 1 Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction Option In a given compound, the relative number and kinds of atoms are
More informationElectrons! Chapter 5
Electrons! Chapter 5 I.Light & Quantized Energy A.Background 1. Rutherford s nuclear model: nucleus surrounded by fast-moving electrons; no info on how electrons move, how they re arranged, or differences
More informationProfessor K. Atomic structure
Professor K Atomic structure Review Reaction- the formation and breaking of chemical bonds Bond- a transfer or sharing of electrons Electrons Abbreviated e - What are they? How were they discovered? Early
More informationc = λν 10/23/13 What gives gas-filled lights their colors? Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms
CHEMISTRY & YOU What gives gas-filled lights their colors? Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms 5.1 Revising the Atomic Model 5. Electron Arrangement in Atoms 5.3 Atomic and the Quantum Mechanical Model An electric
More informationAn element Is a substance that cannot be split into simpler substance. It is composed of discrete particles called atoms.
digitalteachers.co.ug Atomic structure Inorganic chemistry deals with the physical and chemical properties of the elements of the the periodic table. An element Is a substance that cannot be split into
More informationNOTES: 5.3 Light and Atomic Spectra (more Quantum Mechanics!)
NOTES: 5.3 Light and Atomic Spectra (more Quantum Mechanics!) Light WAVE or PARTICLE? Electromagnetic Radiation Electromagnetic radiation includes: -radio waves -microwaves -infrared waves -visible light
More informationIntroduction. Learning Objectives. On completion of this chapter you will be able to:
Introduction Learning Objectives On completion of tis capter you will be able to: 1. Define Compton Effect. 2. Derive te sift in incident ligt wavelengt and Compton wavelengt. 3. Explain ow te Compton
More informationReminder: Exam 3 Friday, July 6. The Compton Effect. General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture questions. Show your work for credit.
General Pysics (PHY 2140) Lecture 15 Modern Pysics Cater 27 1. Quantum Pysics Te Comton Effect Potons and EM Waves Wave Proerties of Particles Wave Functions Te Uncertainty Princile Reminder: Exam 3 Friday,
More informationLab: Excited Electrons
Part A: EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY Lab: Excited Electrons According to the Bohr atomic model, electrons orbit the nucleus within specific energy levels. These levels are defined by unique amounts of energy.
More informationHomework 1. L φ = mωr 2 = mυr, (1)
Homework 1 1. Problem: Streetman, Sixt Ed., Problem 2.2: Sow tat te tird Bor postulate, Eq. (2-5) (tat is, tat te angular momentum p θ around te polar axis is an integer multiple of te reduced Planck constant,
More informationLecture: Experimental Solid State Physics Today s Outline
Lecture: Experimental Solid State Pysics Today s Outline Te quantum caracter of particles : Wave-Particles dualism Heisenberg s uncertainty relation Te quantum structure of electrons in atoms Wave-particle
More information5.3. Physics and the Quantum Mechanical Model
Chemistry 5-3 Physics and the Quantum Mechanical Model Neon advertising signs are formed from glass tubes bent in various shapes. An electric current passing through the gas in each glass tube makes the
More informationExtracting Atomic and Molecular Parameters From the de Broglie Bohr Model of the Atom
Extracting Atomic and Molecular Parameters From te de Broglie Bor Model of te Atom Frank ioux Te 93 Bor model of te ydrogen atom was replaced by Scrödingerʹs wave mecanical model in 96. However, Borʹs
More informationWrite the electron configuration for Chromium (Cr):
Write the electron configuration for Chromium (Cr): Energy level Aufbau Principle Atomic orbital Quantum Hund s Rule Atomic number Electron Configuration Whole number Pauli Exlcusion Principle Quantum
More informationEXPERIMENT 17: Atomic Emission
EXPERIMENT 17: Atomic Emission PURPOSE: To construct an energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom To identify an element from its line spectrum. PRINCIPLES: White light, such as emitted by the sun or an
More informationPhysics Teach Yourself Series Topic 15: Wavelike nature of matter (Unit 4)
Pysics Teac Yourself Series Topic 15: Wavelie nature of atter (Unit 4) A: Level 14, 474 Flinders Street Melbourne VIC 3000 T: 1300 134 518 W: tss.co.au E: info@tss.co.au TSSM 2017 Page 1 of 8 Contents
More informationPart C : Quantum Physics
Part C : Quantum Pysics 1 Particle-wave duality 1.1 Te Bor model for te atom We begin our discussion of quantum pysics by discussing an early idea for atomic structure, te Bor model. Wile tis relies on
More informationChapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Discovery and Properties of the electron
Chapter 27 Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom 27-1 Discovery and Properties of the electron Measure charge to mass ratio e/m (J. J. Thomson, 1897) When apply magnetic field only, the rays are
More information(c) (d) insufficient information
Final Exam Pysics 130 Monday December 16, 00 Point distribution: Te multiple coice questions (1-5) are wort 5 points eac and answers sould be bubbled onto te answer seet. Questions 6-8 are long-answer
More informationThe Bohr Model of the Atom
Unit 4: The Bohr Model of the Atom Properties of light Before the 1900 s, light was thought to behave only as a wave. Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation - a form of energy that exhibits wave
More informationProperties of Light and Atomic Structure. Chapter 7. So Where are the Electrons? Electronic Structure of Atoms. The Wave Nature of Light!
Properties of Light and Atomic Structure Chapter 7 So Where are the Electrons? We know where the protons and neutrons are Nuclear structure of atoms (Chapter 2) The interaction of light and matter helps
More informationUNIT : 3 STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Composition of atom Electron ( e o ) () It was discovered by J.J. Tomson (897) and is negatively carged particle. () Electron is a component particle of catode rays. (3) Catode rays were discovered by
More informationEarly Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom
Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom Electron Discharge tube (circa 1900 s) There is something ( cathode rays ) which is emitted by the cathode and causes glowing Unlike light, these rays are deflected
More informationProblem Set 3: Solutions
University of Alabama Department of Pysics and Astronomy PH 253 / LeClair Spring 2010 Problem Set 3: Solutions 1. Te energy required to break one OO bond in ozone O 3, OOO) is about 500 kj/mol. Wat is
More informationCHAPTER 5 ATOMIC STRUCTURE SHORT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Q.1 Why it is necessary to decrease the pressure in the discharge tube to get the cathode rays? The current does not flow through the gas at ordinary
More informationChapter 38. The End of Classical Physics
Chapter 38. The End of Classical Physics Studies of the light emitted by gas discharge tubes helped bring classical physics to an end. Chapter Goal: To understand how scientists discovered the properties
More informationPhysics and the Quantum Mechanical Model
chemistry 1 of 38 Mechanical Model Neon advertising signs are formed from glass tubes bent in various shapes. An electric current passing through the gas in each glass tube makes the gas glow with its
More informationUnit 1. Electronic Structure page 1
Unit 1 Electronic Structure Section 1. Learning Outcomes Practice Questions Answers Electronic Structure Electromagnetic spectrum / calculations Electron configuration / Periodic Table Electronic Structure
More informationProperties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5. What is light? What is a wave? Radiation carries information
Concepts: Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Chapter 5 Electromagnetic waves Types of spectra Temperature Blackbody radiation Dual nature of radiation Atomic structure Interaction of light and matter
More informationQuantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory
A. Electromagnetic Radiation Quantum Mecanics and Atomic Teory 1. Ligt: consists of waves of oscillating electric field ( E ) and magnetic field ( B ) tat are perpendicular to eac oter and to te direction
More informationEnergy levels and atomic structures lectures chapter one
Structure of Atom An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are
More informationGraviton Induced Nuclear Fission through Electromagnetic Wave Flux Phil Russell, * Jerry Montgomery
Graviton Induced Nuclear Fission troug Electromagnetic Wave Flux Pil Russell, * Jerry Montgomery Nort Carolina Central University, Duram, NC 27707 Willowstick Tecnologies LLC, Draper, UT 84020 (Dated:
More informationChemistry 212 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
Chemistry 212 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY The emission and absorption of light energy of particular wavelengths by atoms and molecules is a common phenomenon. The emissions/absorptions are characteristic for each
More informationSIMG Solution Set #5
SIMG-303-0033 Solution Set #5. Describe completely te state of polarization of eac of te following waves: (a) E [z,t] =ˆxE 0 cos [k 0 z ω 0 t] ŷe 0 cos [k 0 z ω 0 t] Bot components are traveling down te
More informationCHAPTER 7 QUANTUM THEORY AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE
CHAPTER 7 QUANTUM THEORY AND ATOMIC STRUCTURE Te value for te speed of ligt will be 3.00x0 8 m/s except wen more significant figures are necessary, in wic cases,.9979x0 8 m/s will be used. TOOLS OF THE
More information10. Wavelength measurement using prism spectroscopy
Spk 0. Wavelength measurement using prism spectroscopy 0. Introduction The study of emitted spectra of electromagnetic waves by excited atoms makes for one of the most important methods to investigate
More informationChapter 5 Models of the Atom
Chapter 5 Models of the Atom Atomic Models Rutherford used existing ideas about the atom and proposed an atomic model in which the electrons move around the nucleus. However, Rutherford s atomic model
More informationLecture 11 Atomic Structure
Lecture 11 Atomic Structure Earlier in the semester, you read about the discoveries that lead to the proposal of the nuclear atom, an atom of atomic number Z, composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded
More informationChapter-11 DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION
Chapter-11 DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION Work function (j o ): The minimum energy required for an electron to escape from the surface of a metal i.e. The energy required for free electrons to escape
More informationDemocritus & Leucippus (~400 BC) Greek philosophers: first to propose that matter is made up of particles called atomos, the Greek word for atoms
Chemistry Ms. Ye Name Date Block The Evolution of the Atomic Model Since atoms are too small to see even with a very powerful microscope, scientists rely upon indirect evidence and models to help them
More informationAtomic Theory. Developing the Nuclear Model of the Atom. Saturday, January 20, 18
Atomic Theory Developing the Nuclear Model of the Atom Democritus Theory: Atom, the indivisible particle c. 300 BC Democritus Problem: No scientific evidence c. 300 BC Dalton Theory: The solid sphere model
More informationElectronic structure the number of electrons in an atom as well as the distribution of electrons around the nucleus and their energies
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 6: Electronic Structure of Atoms Electronic structure the number of electrons in an atom as well as the distribution of electrons around the nucleus and their energies
More information1) Introduction 2) Photo electric effect 3) Dual nature of matter 4) Bohr s atom model 5) LASERS
1) Introduction 2) Photo electric effect 3) Dual nature of matter 4) Bohr s atom model 5) LASERS 1. Introduction Types of electron emission, Dunnington s method, different types of spectra, Fraunhoffer
More informationAbsorber Alpha emission Alpha particle Atom. Atomic line spectra Atomic mass unit Atomic number Atomic structure. Background radiation
Material that prevent radioactive emission from passing through it Release of alpha particle from unstable nucleus(a 2+ helium ion or a helium nucleus) The nucleus of a helium atom (two protons and two
More informationThe Bohr Model Bohr proposed that an electron is found only in specific circular paths, or orbits, around the nucleus.
5.1 The Development of Atomic Models Rutherford s atomic model could not explain the chemical properties of elements. Rutherford s atomic model could not explain why objects change color when heated. The
More informationHistory of the Atomic Model
Chapter 5 Lecture Chapter 5 Electronic Structure and Periodic Trends 5.1 Electromagnetic Radiation Learning Goal Compare the wavelength, frequency, and energy of electromagnetic radiation. Fifth Edition
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE MODULE 7 NATURE OF LIGHT ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES SPECTRA PRODUCED BY DISCHARGE TUBES CATHODE RAYS (electron beams) Streams of electrons (negatively charged particles) observed in vacuum
More informationQuantum Physics and Atomic Models Chapter Questions. 1. How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge?
Quantum Physics and Atomic Models Chapter Questions 1. How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge? 2. J. J. Thomson found that cathode rays were really particles, which were subsequently
More informationAtomic Theory C &03
Atomic Theory Part One: Flame Tests Part Two: Atomic Spectra Part Three: Applications of Spectra (optional) C12-2-02 &03 This activity will focus on the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
More informationQuantum and Atomic Physics - Multiple Choice
PSI AP Physics 2 Name 1. The Cathode Ray Tube experiment is associated with: (A) J. J. Thomson (B) J. S. Townsend (C) M. Plank (D) A. H. Compton 2. The electron charge was measured the first time in: (A)
More informationChapter 6. Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Part 1
Chapter 6 Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms Part 1 The nature of light Quantum theory Topics Bohr s theory of the hydrogen atom Wave properties of matter Quantum mechanics Quantum numbers
More informationFinal exam: Tuesday, May 11, 7:30-9:30am, Coates 143
Final exam: Tuesday, May 11, 7:30-9:30am, Coates 143 Approximately 7 questions/6 problems Approximately 50% material since last test, 50% everyting covered on Exams I-III About 50% of everyting closely
More informationChemistry. Slide 1 / 63 Slide 2 / 63. Slide 4 / 63. Slide 3 / 63. Slide 6 / 63. Slide 5 / 63. Optional Review Light and Matter.
Slide 1 / 63 Slide 2 / 63 emistry Optional Review Ligt and Matter 2015-10-27 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 63 Slide 4 / 63 Ligt and Sound Ligt and Sound In 1905 Einstein derived an equation relating mass and
More informationChapter 28. Atomic Physics
Chapter 28 Atomic Physics Sir Joseph John Thomson J. J. Thomson 1856-1940 Discovered the electron Did extensive work with cathode ray deflections 1906 Nobel Prize for discovery of electron Early Models
More informationElectrons hold the key to understanding why substances behave as they do. When atoms react it is their outer pars, their electrons, that interact.
Electronic Structure of Atoms The Wave Nature of Light Electrons hold the key to understanding why substances behave as they do. When atoms react it is their outer pars, their electrons, that interact.
More informationPSI AP Physics How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge?
PSI AP Physics 2 Name Chapter Questions 1. How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge? 2. J. J. Thomson found that cathode rays were really particles, which were subsequently named
More informationCh 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom (light and atomic structure)
Ch 7 Quantum Theory of the Atom (light and atomic structure) Electromagnetic Radiation - Electromagnetic radiation consists of oscillations in electric and magnetic fields. The oscillations can be described
More informationCHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum Theory
CHAPTER 3 The Experimental Basis of Quantum Theory 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron Determination of Electron Charge Line Spectra Quantization As far as I can
More informationI understand the relationship between energy and a quanta I understand the difference between an electron s ground state and an electron s excited
NCCS 1.1.2 & 1.1.3 I understand the relationship between energy and a quanta I understand the difference between an electron s ground state and an electron s excited state I will describe how an electron
More informationwhere n = (an integer) =
5.111 Lecture Summary #5 Readings for today: Section 1.3 (1.6 in 3 rd ed) Atomic Spectra, Section 1.7 up to equation 9b (1.5 up to eq. 8b in 3 rd ed) Wavefunctions and Energy Levels, Section 1.8 (1.7 in
More informationLecture 0. NC State University
Chemistry 736 Lecture 0 Overview NC State University Overview of Spectroscopy Electronic states and energies Transitions between states Absorption and emission Electronic spectroscopy Instrumentation Concepts
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 27 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 27 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
More informationChapter 5 Electrons In Atoms
Chapter 5 Electrons In Atoms 5.1 Revising the Atomic Model 5.2 Electron Arrangement in Atoms 5.3 Atomic Emission Spectra and the Quantum Mechanical Model 1 Copyright Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates.
More informationWAVES AND PARTICLES. (c)
WAVES AND PARTICLES 1. An electron and a proton are accelerated through the same potential difference. The ration of their De Broglie wave length will be -- (a) (b) (c) (d) 1 2. What potential must be
More informationModern Physics for Scientists and Engineers International Edition, 4th Edition
Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers International Edition, 4th Edition http://optics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong Review: 1. THE BIRTH OF MODERN PHYSICS 2. SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 3. THE EXPERIMENTAL
More informationStellar Astrophysics: The Interaction of Light and Matter
Stellar Astrophysics: The Interaction of Light and Matter The Photoelectric Effect Methods of electron emission Thermionic emission: Application of heat allows electrons to gain enough energy to escape
More informationChapter 7: The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom
C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 7 P a g e 1 Chapter 7: The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom Homework: Read Chapter 7. Work out sample/practice exercises Check for the MasteringChemistry.com assignment
More informationAPPENDIXES. Let the following constants be established for those using the active Mathcad
3 APPENDIXES Let te following constants be establised for tose using te active Matcad form of tis book: m.. e 9.09389700 0 3 kg Electron rest mass. q.. o.6077330 0 9 coul Electron quantum carge. µ... o.5663706
More informationChapter 5 Light and Matter: Reading Messages from the Cosmos. How do we experience light? Colors of Light. How do light and matter interact?
Chapter 5 Light and Matter: Reading Messages from the Cosmos How do we experience light? The warmth of sunlight tells us that light is a form of energy We can measure the amount of energy emitted by a
More informationChemistry 111 Dr. Kevin Moore
Chemistry 111 Dr. Kevin Moore Black Body Radiation Heated objects emit radiation based on its temperature Higher temperatures produce higher frequencies PhotoElectric Effect Light on a clean metal surface
More informationPHYS General Physics II Lab The Balmer Series for Hydrogen Source. c = speed of light = 3 x 10 8 m/s
PHYS 1040 - General Physics II Lab The Balmer Series for Hydrogen Source Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to analyze the emission of light from a hydrogen source and measure and the wavelengths
More informationEarlier we learned that hot, opaque objects produce continuous spectra of radiation of different wavelengths.
Section7: The Bohr Atom Earlier we learned that hot, opaque objects produce continuous spectra of radiation of different wavelengths. Continuous Spectrum Everyone has seen the spectrum produced when white
More information2.2 WAVE AND PARTICLE DUALITY OF RADIATION
Quantum Mecanics.1 INTRODUCTION Te motion of particles wic can be observed directly or troug microscope can be explained by classical mecanics. But wen te penomena like potoelectric effect, X-rays, ultraviolet
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS PHYS2041 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS PHYS2041 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY Warning: The mercury spectral lamps emit UV radiation. Do not stare into the lamp. Avoid exposure where possible. Introduction
More informationWavelength (λ)- Frequency (ν)- Which of the following has a higher frequency?
Name: Unit 5- Light and Energy Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that emits wave-like behavior as it travels through space. Amplitude (a)- Wavelength (λ)- Which
More information( J s)( m/s)
Ch100: Fundamentals for Chemistry 1 LAB: Spectroscopy Neon lights are orange. Sodium lamps are yellow. Mercury lights are bluish. Electricity is doing something to the electrons of these elements to produce
More informationChemistry (
Question 2.1: (i) Calculate the number of electrons which will together weigh one gram. (ii) Calculate the mass and charge of one mole of electrons. Answer 2.1: (i) Mass of one electron = 9.10939 10 31
More information