GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH

Transcription

1 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol124, No15 Sept1, , 2,3, 1,2, 1, 1, 1 (11, ; 21, ; 31, ) :,,,, m 3 / a, m 3 / a, % % 910 %,,,,,, : ; ; ; : (2005) , [1 7 ] [8 15 ],,, [11,12, 15 ], [16,17 ],,,,,,,,, : ; : : SUSDEN2Chia ( WP5) : (19752),,,

2 726 24,,, [ 9 14 ],,,,,,,,, 2 211,, , , ; 1985 Ladsat TM, 212,,, ;,, ;, [10,13,14,16,19 ],,,,,,, : W b = T mi ( Qij ) 10-8 (1) i, W b, Qij i j,, s [8 ], T,,, [14 ],,,, : W s = S t/ Cmax (2) Cmax = 1 max ( Cij ) (3) i

3 5 : 727, W s, S t, Cmax, Cij i j,, (243211mm) (4717mm),,,, : W P = W i E i = 1 = S i N i = 1 i r = i = 1 i S N i 0 (1 - hi/ hmax) (4), W P ( m 3 ) ; W E i i ( m 3 ) ; S i N i ( hm 2 ) ; i r i (mm) ; 0 Pema (mm) ; hi i (m) ; hmax ( m), hmax = 415m ; i, ( 1) 1 Tab11 Vegetatio ifluece idex at various depths i the Keriya river basi (m) (mm) 0 ( Pema),, [ 18,20 23 ],, Pema,,, [ 20,22 ] H1L1 Pema 1979 FAO FAO - 17 Pema H1L1 Pema, : 0 = P 0175 QA a, + b N - T 4 K ( e) ( ex - ea) (1 + C u2) N (5) P P ( hpa) ; - (hpa/ ) ; ;, N (h) ;, mm/ (a K 4 ) ; T k, Tk = Ta ; C, 0154 ; u2 2m ( m/ s) ; a, b,

4 728 24, a = 0135, b = 0144 ; QA ( mm/ d), QA = Q0 (1 - A ), Q0 (mm/ d) ; A,, 0130 ; ex ( hpa) ; ea (hpa) ; P [23 ] : P = [ ( Ta ) ] ( H) / ( Ta), H ( m) ; Ta ( ) ; , , 20 (0195), 0101 [ 23 ],, [24 ], ; [ 19,24 26 ],, 415m, ; 215m,,,, ( 1) ( 1) 3, 1190 m 3 / a, 0153 m 3 / a, 4150 m 3 / a ( 2), 6193 m 3 / a, (8164 m 3 / a) (2128 m 3 / a) (2179 m 3 / a) (13171m 3 / a) 5015 % m 3 / a, 2114 m 3 / a, 4716 % ; 1195 m 3 / a, 4314 % ; 0141 m 3 / a, 910 % ( 2),, 30 %, 40 %, 20 % [8 ] 5811 %, ( 3), m 3 / a (2000 ) m 3 / a (2020 ),,,, (6)

5 5 : Tab1 2 Miimum evaporatio volumes of vegetatio i the Keriya basi 1985 (ha) 3 (m) (m) (m 3 / a) Ladsat2TM 3 ( 10 4 m 3 ) Tab1 3 Water balace i the Keriya river basi ( 10 4 m 3 ) : (, 1998) : , 2010,,,

6 ,,,,,,, : [ 1 ] Gleick P H1 Water i crisis : pat hs to sustaiable water use1 Ecological Applicatios, 1996,8 (3) : [ 2 ] Whipple W J r, et al1 A proposed approach to coordiatio of water resources developmet ad evirometal regu2 latios1 Joural of the America Water Resources Associatio, 1999,35 (4)1 [ 3 ] Valery E1 Studyig stress i ecological systems : implicatios for ecological risk assessmet ad risk maagemet1 Ecological Applicatios,1999,9 (2)1 [ 4 ] Arold J G, Sriivasa R, et al1 Large area hydrologic modelig ad assessmet Part : model developmet1 Joural of t he America Water Resources Associatio, 1998,34 : [ 5 ] 1 1,2001,33 (1) : : 1, 1999, (10) : [ 6 ], 1 1,2000,19 (3) : [ 7 ], 1 : 1,2003,17 (3) : [ 8 ], 1 1, 2000,55 (4) : [ 9 ],, 1 1, 2003,22 (2) : [ 10 ],,, 1 1, 2001,15 (1) : [ 11 ],,, 1 ( )1,2002,17 (1) : 1 81 [12 ],,,, 1 (2) 1, 2002,17 (2) : [ 13 ], 1 1, 2000,20 (2) : [ 14 ], 1 1,1998,21 (2) : 81 [ 15 ],, 1 1,2002,25 (1) : [ 16 ], 1 1 :, [ 17 ] 1,1996,15 (4) : [ 18 ] FAO1 1 : [ 19 ],, 1 1 ( ), 2000,36 (4) : [ 20 ] Alle R G,Jese M E,Wright J L,et al1 Operatioal estimates of referece evapotraspiratio1 Agro1 J1, 1989, 81 : [21 ] Frebe M, Popov G F1 A grometeorological crop moitorig ad forecastig1 Rome : FAO Plat Productio ad Protectio [ 22 ] Smit h M1 Report o t he Expert Cosultatio o Revisio of FAO met hodologies for crop water requiremet s1 Rome : FAO Plat Productio ad Protectio [ 23 ] 1 1,1996,10 (3) : [ 24 ] 1 1,1994, (3) :1 111

7 5 : 731 [ 25 ], 1 1,1996,20 (5) : [ 26 ], 1 1 ( ),2000, (3) : Estimatio model ad applicatio of the amout of eco2water demad : a case study o Keriya river basi CH EN Rui 1, DEN G Xiag2zheg 2,3, ZHAN Ji2ya 1,2, WAN G Yu2li 1, L I Dog 1, N IU We2yua 1 (11 Istitute of Policy ad Maagemet, CAS, Beijig ,Chia ; 21 Ceter for Chiese Agricultural Policy, CAS, Beijig ,Chia ; 31 Istitute of Geographic Scieces ad Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijig , Chia) Abstract :Eco2water demad is a focus of at tetio i ecological ad water sciece research at p reset1 U der t he macro scopical backgro ud of implemetig t he west develop met strategy, p ursuig t he ecological project of covertig farmlad ito forest ad grasslad ad realizig regioal sustaiable develop met of Chia, water ad lad resources distribu2 tio, especially the deficiecy of water resources has restraied t he develop met ad utili2 zatio of wester regio s resources ad become a urget problem awaitig solutio1 J ust because of this, the assessmet of the scale ad itesity of basi ecosystem eco2water de2 mad is of po sitive ad realistic sigificace1 This paper, wit h wester arid climate ad hugriess eviromet as t he research object, t hrough aalyzig the struct ure character2 istics of differet eco system s eco2water demad, syt hetically estimates t he scale of eco2 water demad ad aalyzes t he questio of equilibrium of supply ad demad of eco2water requiremet i terms of maitaiig t he basic amout of ecological base flow of t he f uda2 metal eco2evirometal f uctio of the draiage chaels, keepig basi chaels mois2 t ure balace for sedimet ad salt discharge ad maitaiig t he basi s ecological balace by miimizig water co sumed for vegetatio evapot raspiratio 1 The research result idi2 cates t hat the total eco2water demad i t he whole basi is about m 3 / a, accout2 ig for 5015 % of t he total amout of t he basi s recet available surface water resources, gro udwater miig ad may years sp rig average foot2pat h flow1 The develop met ad utilizatio degree of t his basi surface water has already exceeded ratio al t hreshold value1 The average miimum eco2water demad per ha of vegetatio is m 3 / a1 Of t he eco2 water co sumed for differet t ypes of vegetatio, marshlad, meadow ad forest lad sep2 arately accout for 4716 %, 4314 % ad 910 % of the total water requiremet1 Marshlad ad meadow are t he pricipal eco2water cosumers1 Research result s have importat refer2 ece value to make develop met ad utilizatio pla of water ad lad resources, for local govermet, guaratee the beig cycle of t he water resources, realize t he sustaiable uti2 lizatio of t he water resources, restore ad rehabilitate the eco2eviromet1 Key words :eco2water demad ; sustaiable utilizatio ; Keriya river basi ; west Chia