GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH

Transcription

1 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol125, No13 May, , 1,2, 1, 3, 1, 1,2 (11, ; 21, ) : ,, mg/ kg mg/ kg, ;, 4104 mg/ d, : ; ; ; ; : (2006) [1,2 ] [3,4 ], [5 8 ] [9 14 ] [ ] [18 ], [19 ] [20 ],,, 1 111,, (1) : i = m ai ai i = 1 N (1) : ; : : ( ) ( ) : (19742),, 3 : (19632),, E2mail

2 440 25, i, ai, m, N ( t) 7419 % [5,21 ],,,,, h, HNO32HClO4, [2 ] ( GSV - 3) 112 ( 1) 5, 100 [ 5 ] U SEPA 3050B [22 ], [2 ] ( GSS - 1) 113 Arc GIS, SPSS, Miitab Box2Cox [23 ], Shapiro2Wilk ( PS2W) Z Box2Cox Box2Cox, z = y + 1, z Box2Cox, y Box2Cox, 114,, (2) : Z = Q i =1 1 Fig11 A sketch map showig samplig sites of vegetables take f rom Beijig ( XB- Ci N2 i N 2 i, Z ; Q ; i =1 ) (2) X B - Ci

3 3 : 441 Box2Cox ; N ; (3) : A = i = 1 ( ai N 2 i N 2 i i = 1 ) (3), A, ai, N i ; , ( 2186), ( p = 01015) ( 1) Box2Cox, ( p = 01277), ( 5916 mg/ kg 5715mg/ kg [24 ] ), ( P 2 = 01000), Fig12 Distributio characteristics of, soil Z i farm fields of Beijig (307 mg/ kg), [25 ] (p H > 715) II ( ) (300mg/ kg) ( 2) [26 ] mg/ kg, 5 % 30 % [ 27 ] ( ) [28 ] [3,19 ] 1 Tab11 Cocetratios ad distributio characteristics of soil Z from farm f ields i Beijig (mg/ kg) PS2W Box2Cox ( 2) (20 mg/ kg [29 ] ) (4010 mg/ kg) (5010 mg/ kg) [2 ], 0 %

4 Tab12 Cotets of Z i vegetables collected from farm f ields ad markets of Beijig (mg/ kg, ) Box2Cox ( ) PS - W ( ) PS - W (11 27) (1180) A (21 54) (2123) (11 59) (2131) ( ) B (11 31) (1169) C (11 69) (2107) (11 48) (1156) ( ) D (01 79) (1136) (01 64) (1153) (01 40) (1132) (11 51) (1184) E (01 99) (1150) (31 62) (2190) (61 81) (4111) (21 55) (1177) (11 74) (1195) (01 53) (1151) (11 13) (1148) (01 38) (1117) (21 16) (2118) F (11 77) (2100) (21 35) (2112) (11 05) (2178) (01 11) (1105) (01 76) ( 11 74) (11 79) (2115) G (01 44) (1160) (01 59) (1153) H (21 48) (2125) I (11 99) (2136) (01 39) (1160) (31 08) (3183) (11 52) (1176) (61 33) (2130) (01 28) (1111) (31 70) (3114) J (11 21) (2111) K (11 09) (1173) (01 56) (1160) (11 32) (1181) (11 18) (1147) (11 24) (2104) (11 67) (1163) (21 73) (2131) (01 88) (1152) (11 40) (2103) L (21 63) (21 774) (21 18) (2144) (21 69) (2154) ; A ; B ; C ; D ; E ; F ; G ; H ; I ; J ; K ; L ( )

5 3 : 443 [30 ] Box2Cox [23 ] ( ) Box - Cox, : > > > ( 3) ( P = 01001), Box2Cox ( 2), : I, ; ( ) II, ; III, ( 3) Spearma, ( R = 01003, P = 01967) : Box2Cox 3 Box2Cox Fig13 Hierarchical cluster aalysis based o Box2Cox meas of Z cocetratios i vegetables from Beijig

6 , Box2Cox, ( = 0131) ( = ) ( ), ( P = 01009), Box2Cox ( = 0134), ( P = 01314) ( 4) 3 Tab13 Compariso of Z cotets i vegetables produced from Beijig ad other provices of Chia, ad cultured uder f ield coditios ad greehouse (mg/ kg, ) Box2Cox ( ) PS2W ( ) PS2W (2125) (215) (3197) (11 54) (3101) (21 63) (2122) (21 43) ,,, Box2Cox ( 4) 4 Tab14 Biococetratio factors ( BCF) of Ni i major vegetables collected from farms of Beijig Box2Cox ( ) PS2W ( ) PS2W (01 029) (11 21) (01 018) (11 19) (01 021) (11 18) (01 025) (11 20) 0155 ( ) (01 062) (11 30) (01 039) (11 29) (01 036) (11 23) (01 007) (11 14) (01 005) (11 12) (01 013) (11 16) (01 045) (11 40) (0104) (11 33) (01 022) (11 23) (01 037) (11 28) 0191

7 3 : Box2Cox Fig14 Hierarchical cluster aalysis o Box2Cox meas of BCF of Z cocetratios i vegetables from Beijig Box2Cox, ; ;,, ( 4) 215, 116 kg/ ( d) [5 ] Box2Cox ( 2), (2) 4104 mg/ ( d) FAO/ W HO [ 2 ] EPA [31 ] 013 mg/ (kg d) FAO/ W HO 1 mg/ ( kg d) EPA (NOA EL) 0191 mg/ ( kg d) 60 kg, 2214 %, 617 % ( FAO/ W HO) 714 % ( EPA), 76 % ;, [32 ],,, [33 ], hm 2, 5111 % [34 ] [35 ],, [1 ], 15 % 25 %, [26 ][36 ], 30 % 40 % [32,37 ], [38 ] [39,40 ], ( 65 % 86 %) [40 ], [29 ],,,,,

8 (1),,,,,, (2), 4104 mg/ ( d), : [ 1 ],,,. -. :,1996. [ 2 ],,.. :. 1998, [ 3 ],,.., 2003, 22 (4) : [ 4 ],,,.., 2002, 22 (5) : [ 5 ],,,.., 2006, 61 (3) : [ 6 ],,,.., 2006, 21(3) : [ 7 ],,,.., 2006, 26. [ 8 ],,,.., 2006, 26. [ 9 ],,,.., 2006, 21 (1) : [ 10 ],,,.., 2005, 27 (6) : [ 11 ],,,.., 2005, 60 (5) : [ 12 ],,,.., 2005, 24 (4) : [ 13 ],,,. -., 2005, 20 (5) : [ 14 ],,,.., 2005, 24 (2) : [ 15 ],,,.., 2006,25 (3) : [ 16 ],,,.., 2005, 25 (12) : [ 17 ],,,.., 2005, 25 (9) : [ 18 ],,. (SHMIS) -., 2003, 22 (3) : [19 ],,,.., 2004, 24 (3) : [ 20 ],.., 1997, 17 (3) :

9 3 : 447 [ 21 ].. :, , 173. [ 22 ] EPA. Acid Digestio of Sedimet s Sludge ad Soils. USEPA 3050B. http :/ / www. epa. gov/ SW2846/ pdf s/ 3050b. pdf [ 23 ] Zhag C S, Zhag S. A robust2symmetric mea : a ew way of mea calculatio for evirometal data. GeoJour2 al, 1995, 40 (1/ 2) : [ 24 ],,,.., 2004, 24 (1) : [ 25 ]. ( GB ). :,1995. [ 26 ],,,.., 2003, (1) : 3 6,9. [27 ],,,.., 2000, 6 (1) : [ 28 ],.., 2004, 21 (3) : [ 29 ]. ( GB ). :,1991. [ 30 ] GB [ 31 ] EPA. Toxicological Review of Zic ad Compouds (Cas No ) I : Support of Summary Iformatio o the Itegrated Risk Iformatio System ( IRIS)1 http :/ / www. epa. gov/ iris/ toxreviews/ 04262tr. pdf [ 32 ].., 1998, 14 (12) : [ 33 ].. :, [ 34 ],,,.., 2003, 23 (5) : [ 35 ].., 1994, 27 (1) : [ 36 ],,,.., 2004, 26 (5) : [ 37 ],,,.., 1999, 20 (5) : [ 38 ],.., 1999, 29 (1) : [ 39 ],,,.., 2002, 10 (4) : [ 40 ],,,. 700., 1997, 4 (11) : A survey of zic cocetratios i vegetables ad soils i Beijig ad their health risk HUAN G Ze2chu 1, SON G Bo 1,2, CHEN Tog2bi 1, ZHEN G Yua2mig 1, YAN GJ u 1,2 (11 Ceter for Evirometal Remediatio, Istitute of Geographic Scieces ad Natural Resources Research,CAS, Beijig , Chia ; 21 Graduate School, Chiese Academy of Scieces, Beijig , Chia) Abstract :To assess t he huma health risk posed by elevated cocetratios of zic i vege2 tables, ad to idetif y pollutio 2tolerat vegetable varieties, a large scale survey of zic levels i soils ad vegetables plated or sold i Beijig was coducted1 Fifty2two soil sam2 ples were collected f rom gardes ad fields used to grow vegetable plat s1 I additio, 97

10 varieties of 402 f resh vegetable samples were obtaied from vegetable stalls, supermarket s ad wholesale outlet s1 Zic cocetratios were measured usig flame atomic absorptio spectrometry1 Zic cocetratios i soils raged f rom 2419 to mg kg - 1, wit h arit hmetic, me2 dia, geometric ad Box2Cox meas of 79129, 63181, 7017 ad mg kg - 1, respec2 tively1 Compared with the backgroud zic cocetratios of soils f rom Beijig, t here ap2 peared a sigificat accumulatio of zic i soils collected from fields that produced vegeta2 bles1 Zic cocetratios i t he edible plat portios raged f rom to 2516 mg kg - 1 f resh weight, wit h arithmetic, media ad Box2Cox meas of 3111, 2124 ad 2155 mg kg 21 f resh weight, respectively1 I all of the samples ad vegetable varieties, zic was less t ha t he Tolerace Limit of Zic i Foods ( TL CF) of 100 mg kg - 1 f resh weight for p ulse ad 20 mg kg - 1 for ot her vegetables1 The TL CF is t he maximum permissible cocetratio of zic i vegetables t hat will be cosumed by people1 The highest level of zic detected i a vege2 table plat was 2516 mg kg - 1, which was measured i a gree soybea sample1 Statistical aalysis showed t hat t he zic co cet ratio i leaf vegetables was sigificat higher t ha t hat of gourd ad fruit vegetable1 Ad t he zic cocetratio i vegetables f rom other places of Chia was sigificatly higher t ha t he co cet ratio of local vegetables, but t here was o sigificatly differece betwee field2grow vegetables ad t hose plated i a greeho use1 Result s of hierarchical cluster aalysis o the zic biococetratio factor (BCF) i vegetables idicated t hat t he plat s sampled could be separated ito t hree group s based o BCF1 Beas roud trellis (V i g a u g uicul at a), the first group, had t he highest BCFs, ad t he followig is t he secod group, icludig Chiese cabbage ( B rassica peki esi s), Pakchoi ( B rassica chi esis) ad radish ( R a p haus), had higher zic BCFs while Chiese gree oio, chili ( Ca psicum auum) cucumber ( Cucumis sati v us), eggplat ( S ol aum sp1), tomato (L ycopersico esculet um) ad wax gourd ( B ei acasa his pi da) had lower zic BCFs1 The average igestio rate of zic from vegetables was 4104 mg/ idividual/ day for people of Beijig, makig up 2214 % of t he quatity demaded (18 mg/ idividual/ day) ad 71 4 % of No2Observed2Adver se Effect2Level ( NOA EL ) 1 Co sumig vegetables wit h ele2 vated zic cocetratios may ot pose a healt h risk to local residet s1 Key words :Zic ; Beijig ; vegetables ; soil ; bioaccumulatio ; huma healt h risk ; pollutat2 resistat plat s