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Russell Blankenship
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2006 09 28 5 Modern Law Science Vol128 No. 5 Sep t.

1 Modern Law Science Vol128 No. 5 Sep t., 2006 : (2006) (, ) : :,, ;,,,, ( ), ( ) ;,,,,,,,,, ;,,,, : ; ; : DF082 : A 2006,, ;, :,,, : : ( ),,,, ; ; ;,,,,, [ 1 ] 59

2 ,, ; 60, 10 ; 40 50,,,,,, 60,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,,, 60,,, ( Khadi justice), Max W eber,, W eber :,,,, ( Sharia law),,, [ 2 ] :, [ 3 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 4 ],,,, newsletters,,,,,

3 ,,,,,,, ;,,,,, :,,, ;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,??,,,,, ; ( ),, : : (1) ; (2), (3),,,, : :,,??,,,?, ; ( ) ; ( legal positivists), stare decisis ( stand by the decided matter),,, (p recedents) B rown v. Board of Education, Lon L. Fuller The Morality of Law ( Yale University Press 1964) Positive posit ( ), (p rescribed), ( ) positive law, 61

4 ;,,,,?,,, ;, ;, ;,,, ( ),,,, : ( ), ( ),,,,,,,,,,?,??,, 62,??,?,??,?,?,??,?,,?,?,??????,??,?,?,??,,??,,?,,?,??,?,,,,?,,, : Clarence Morris, ed., The Great Legal Philosophers, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1959; George Sabine, Thomas Thorson, A H istory of Political Theory, Illinois, D ryden Press, 1973; Leo Strauss, Joseph Crop sey, H istory of Political Philosophy, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1963; Howard Davies and David Holdcroft, Jurisp rudence, Texts and Commentary, London, Butterworths, 1991; M. D. A. Freeman, L loyd s Introduction to Jurisp rudence, London, Sweet & Maxwell, (. [ J ]., 17, (1) : 1-641) Harvard University Press Struggle for Justice in Late Imperial China

5 ,,,,,,???,, :,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, [ 5 ],,,,,,,, ;,,,, ; ; ; ; ;,,,, ;,,, ;,,,, : ;,,,,,,,,, 2 352, 3 [ 6 ] 8 [ 7 ] ( ) ( ),,,, ( 2 3 ),, [ 8 ] ( ),, : ( ) Hans Kelsen, [ 9 ] O liverw. Holmes, ( The life of the 63

6 law has not been logic; it has been experience ) [ 10 ] Roscoe Pound, Ronald Dworkin [ 11 ],,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :,,, ( actually be) ( rule), (ought to be) ( norm),,, ;,,,,,,,,, 64, ( Equity) (Common Law),,,,,, 1954 B rown v. Board of Education [ 12 ], 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ( separate but equal) [ 13 ] ; 1973 Roe v. W ade [ 14 ] ; 1989 Texas v. Johnson [ 15 ],, ( equal p rotection) ( due p rocess) ( freedom of speech),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

7 :,, ;,, :,,,, ;,,,, :, [ 16 ],,,, [ 17 ],,,,,,,,,,,, :, ;, ;,,,,,,,,, [ 18 ], :,, Struggle for Justice in Late Imperial China,,,,,,,,,, :,,,,, (Jesuits),,, 18,,,,,, :, G. W. Keeton, The Development of Extraterritoriality in China (New York, Howard Fertig, 1969) 65

8 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ( case law),,,, ( hired guns ) ( ambulance chaser), ( special - interest group s, ), ; ( legal positivism ), ( holistic view) :,,,,,,, ;,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,,,,,, :, : [ 1 ]. [A ].,. [M ]. :, [ 2 ] Coulson, Noel J., A H istory of Islam ic Law, Edinburgh University Press, 1964; Conflicts and Tensions in 66 Islam ic Jurisp rudence, University of Chicago Press, 1969; Turner, Stephen P., W eber, the Chinese Legal System, and Marsh s Critique, Newsletter, Comparative & H istorical Sociology, W inter 2002; Marsh, Chinese Legal System: A Rep ly to Stephen P. [ 3 ] [M ]1 [ 4 ] [M ]1 Robert M., W eber and the Turner ( ibid). [ 5 ].. [M ]. :, [ 6 ]. [M ]. :, 1976., [ 7 ]. [M ]. : [ 8 ]. [A ]. 1 [ C ]. :, [ 9 ] Hans Kelsen, Pure Theory of Law, Berkeley,,, ( jury trial), ( barristers) ( solicitors),, ( the Norman conquest) ( inquisition) John H. B rown v. Board of Education, Baker, English Legal H istory (Butterworths 2001) ; Thomas G Hansford, James F O. J. Sp riggs, The Politics of Precedent on the US Sup reme Court ( Princeton University Press 2006) ; Robert F. Nagel, Bowing to Precedent, ( The W eekly Standard 011: 29, 2006) ; N icola Gennaioli, Andrei Shleifer, The Evolution of Precedent (NBER Working paper 11265, Ap ril 2005),, ( See you in court. ),, Simp son Trial ( ) Johnnie Cochran Simp son, Cochran,,,, : Douglas L inder, The O. J. Simp son Trial, in The Jurist, October 2000; Martin McLaughlin and David North, The Simp son trial: some ugly truths, In The IWB ( ),,, ( contingency fee),,, ( ) ( lobbyists), ( Sociology of Law ), (Legal Anthropology), ( law and society ), (Critical Legal Studies)

9 : University of California Press, [ 10 ] O liver W. Holmes, The Common Law, Harvard University Press, [ 11 ] Roscoe Pound, The Formative Era of American Law, (Boston, L ittle B rown 1939) ; Law Finding Through Experience and Reason ( Harvard, 1960) ; Ronald Dworkin, Law s Emp ire (Harvard, 1986 ) ; Ronald Dworkin, Taking R ights Seriously (Harvard, 1978). [ 12 ] 347 US 483 (1954). [ 13 ] 163 US 537 (1896). [ 14 ] 410 US 113 (1973). [ 15 ] 491 US 397 (1989). [ 16 ] [M ]. [ 17 ]. [ J ]., 19, (1) : 1-50; 19, (2) : [ 18 ] [M ]. Adm in istra tion of Justice in Trad itiona l Ch ina and Trad itiona l Ch inese Jur isprudence ZHANG W ei2ren ( Institute of H istory and Philology, Academ ia Sinica, Taipei , China) Abstract: The adm inistration of justice in traditional China has been criticized fo r disregarding established rules and p recedents and thus likened to Khadi justice. This is a m isunderstanding. Since the Q in and the Han periods when law s p roliferated and decided cases, traditional Chinese judges, as civil servants elsewhere, took the easy route of app lying existing rules and p recedents. In the absence of such guidelines they had to find o ther ways to solve p roblem s before them, particularly civil disputes. In doing so, they would carefully exam ine the facts and resort to norm s above the law ( e. g., p rincip les of equity and general p recep ts of justice), a p ractice shared by judges in all jurisdictions. Traditional Chinese jurisp rudence is said to be underdeveloped. This only demonstrates how ignorant the critics are. Even before the Q in, legal theo ries flourished. Through the later periods many scholars devoted them selves to annotating the statutory law s and studying basic jurisp rudential subjects, such as the origin, objectives and functions of law, the relationship between law and other social norm s, and left an enormous amount of works of great p rofoundness. The criticism s are apparently p romp ted by a now p revalent dissatisfaction w ith the p resent Chinese legal system, but a sweep ing denial of the Chinese legal tradition is not a good starting po int for imp rovement, especially if the critique is based on m isunderstanding and ignorance. Key W ords: tradition; adm inistration of justice; jurisp rudence : 67

, (Hermeneutic Phe2 nomenological philosophy of Science),

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