Fundamentally Cool Physics with Trapped Atoms and Ions

Transcription

1 Fundamentally Cool Physics with Trapped Atoms and Ions d u u d u d θ eν W θ ei p e pν e p recoil June 30, 2016

2 Overview 1. Fundamental symmetries what is our current understanding? how do we test what lies beyond? 2. TAMU Penning Trap physics of superallowed β decay ion trapping of proton-rich nuclei at T-REX 3. TRIUMF Neutral Atom Trap angular correlations of polarized 37 K preliminary results of a recent run 1

3 Scope of fundamental physics nucleons u u d u d d d u u quarks d d u electrons the atom from the very smallest scales... 2

4 Scope of fundamental physics nucleons d u u u u d u d d quarks d d u electrons the atom from the very smallest scales GeV s s s 10µs 1.67 min y 10 9 y y... to the verylargest 2

5 Scope of fundamental nuclear physics nucleons d u u u u d u d d quarks d d u electrons the atom from the very smallest scales GeV s s s 10µs 1.67 min y 10 9 y y... to the verylargest 3

6 The Standard Model All of the known elementary particles and their interactions are described within the framework of The Standard Model 4

7 The Standard Model All of the known elementary particles and their interactions are described within the framework of The Standard Model quantum + special rel quantum field theory 4

8 The Standard Model All of the known elementary particles and their interactions are described within the framework of The Standard Model quantum + special rel quantum field theory Noether s theorem: symmetry conservation law 4

9 The Standard Model All of the known elementary particles and their interactions are described within the framework of The Standard Model quantum + special rel quantum field theory Noether s theorem: symmetry conservation law Maxwell s eqns invariant under changes in vector potential conservation of electric charge, q 4

10 The Standard Model All of the known elementary particles and their interactions are described within the framework of The Standard Model quantum + special rel quantum field theory Noether s theorem: symmetry conservation law Maxwell s eqns invariant under changes in vector potential conservation of electric charge, q and there are other symmetries too: time energy space momentum rotations angular momentum. 4

11 The Standard Model All of the known elementary particles and their interactions are described within the framework of The Standard Model quantum + special rel quantum field theory Noether s theorem: symmetry conservation law 12 elementary particles, 4 fundamental forces leptons quarks 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Q ( )( )( ) νe νµ ντ 0 e µ τ 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) u c t d s b +2/3 1/3 mediator g force strong W ± } weak Z γ EM 4

12 The Standard Model All of the known elementary particles and their interactions are described within the framework of The Standard Model new quantum + special rel quantum field theory Noether s theorem: symmetry conservation law 12 elementary particles, 4 fundamental forces and 1 Higgs boson leptons quarks 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Q ( )( )( ) νe νµ ντ 0 e µ τ 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) u c t d s b +2/3 1/3 mediator g force strong W ± } weak Z γ EM 4

13 That s all fine and dandy, but... does the Standard Model work?? 5

14 That s all fine and dandy, but... does the Standard Model work?? it predicted the existence of the W ±, Z, g, c and t and now the Higgs! is a renormalizable theory GSW unified the weak force with electromagnetism QCD explains quark confinement 5

15 That s all fine and dandy, but... does the Standard Model work?? it predicted the existence of the W ±, Z, g, c and t and now the Higgs! is a renormalizable theory GSW unified the weak force with electromagnetism QCD explains quark confinement aµ a µ 2 1 (g 2) ±1 part-per-million!! (PRL 92 (2004) ) 5

16 That s all fine and dandy, but... does the Standard Model work?? it predicted the existence of the W ±, Z, g, c and t and now the Higgs! is a renormalizable theory GSW unified the weak force with electromagnetism QCD explains quark confinement aµ a µ 2 1 (g 2) ±1 part-per-million!! (PRL 92 (2004) ) Wow... this is the most precisely tested theory ever conceived! 5

17 But there are still questions... parameters values: does our ultimate theory really need 25 arbitrary constants? Do they change with time? dark matter: SM physics makes up only 4% of the energy-matter of the universe! baryon asymmetry: why more matter than anti-matter? strong CP: do axions exist? Fine-tuning? neutrinos: Dirac or Majorana? Mass hierarchy? fermion generations: why three families? weak mixing: Is the CKM matrix unitary? parity violation: is parity maximally violated in the weak interaction? No right-handed currents? gravity: of course can t forget about a quantum description of gravity! 6

18 How we all test the SM colliders: CERN, SLAC, FNAL, BNL, KEK, DESY... nuclear physics: traps, exotic beams, neutron, EDMs, 0νββ,... cosmology & astrophys: SN1987a, Big Bang nucleosynthesis,... muon decay: Michel parameters: ρ,δ,η, and ξ atomic physics: anapole moment, spectroscopy,... 7

19 How we all test the SM colliders: CERN, SLAC, FNAL, BNL, KEK, DESY... nuclear physics: traps, exotic beams, neutron, EDMs, 0νββ,... cosmology & astrophys: SN1987a, Big Bang nucleosynthesis,... muon decay: Michel parameters: ρ,δ,η, and ξ atomic physics: anapole moment, spectroscopy,... all of these techniques are complementary and important different experiments probe different (new) physics if signal seen, cross-checks crucial! 7

20 How we all test the SM colliders: CERN, SLAC, FNAL, BNL, KEK, DESY... nuclear physics: traps, exotic beams, neutron, EDMs, 0νββ,... cosmology & astrophys: SN1987a, Big Bang nucleosynthesis,... muon decay: Michel parameters: ρ,δ,η, and ξ atomic physics: anapole moment, spectroscopy,... all of these techniques are complementary and important different experiments probe different (new) physics if signal seen, cross-checks crucial! often they are interdisciplinary (fun and a great basis for graduate students!) 7

21 How does high-energy test the SM? colliders: CERN, SLAC, FNAL, BNL, KEK, DESY,.... direct search of particles 27 km 8

22 How does high-energy test the SM? colliders: CERN, SLAC, FNAL, BNL, KEK, DESY,.... direct search of particles 27 km go big or go home large multi-national collabs billion $ price-tags 8

23 How do we test the SM? nuclear physics: radioactive ion beam facilities indirect search via precision measurements 9

24 How do we test the SM? nuclear physics: radioactive ion beam facilities indirect search via precision measurements 9

25 How do we test the SM? nuclear physics: radioactive ion beam facilities indirect search via precision measurements smaller collaborations contribute to all aspects table-top physics 9

26 How specifically do I plan to test the SM? Via the angular distribution of the decay: the often-quoted Jackson, Treiman and Wyld (Phys Rev 106 and Nucl Phys 4, 1957) d 5 W de e dω e dω νe = basic decay rate {}}{ G 2 F V ud 2 p (2π) 5 e E e (A E e ) 2 ξ 10

27 How specifically do I plan to test the SM? Via the angular distribution of the decay: the often-quoted Jackson, Treiman and Wyld (Phys Rev 106 and Nucl Phys 4, 1957) d 5 W de e dω e dω νe = basic decay rate {}}{ G 2 F V ud 2 p (2π) 5 e E e (A E e ) 2 ξ ( 1+ β ν correlation {}}{ a βν p e p νe E e E νe + Fierz term {}}{ b Γm e E e ) 10

28 How specifically do I plan to test the SM? Via the angular distribution of the decay: the often-quoted Jackson, Treiman and Wyld (Phys Rev 106 and Nucl Phys 4, 1957) d 5 W de e dω e dω νe = basic decay rate {}}{ G 2 F V ud 2 p (2π) 5 e E e (A E e ) 2 ξ + I I [ A β p e E e }{{} β asym ( 1+ +B ν p ν E ν }{{} ν asym β ν correlation {}}{ a βν p e p νe E e E νe + +D p e p ν E e E ν }{{} T violating Fierz term {}}{ b Γm e ] ) E e 10

29 How specifically do I plan to test the SM? Via the angular distribution of the decay: the often-quoted Jackson, Treiman and Wyld (Phys Rev 106 and Nucl Phys 4, 1957) d 5 W de e dω e dω νe = basic decay rate {}}{ G 2 F V ud 2 p (2π) 5 e E e (A E e ) 2 ξ + I I [ A β p e E e }{{} β asym ( 1+ +B ν p ν E ν }{{} ν asym β ν correlation {}}{ a βν p e p νe E e E νe + +D p e p ν E e E ν }{{} T violating Fierz term {}}{ b Γm e ] ) E e β-decay parameters depend on the currents mediating the weak interaction sensitive to new physics 10

30 How to acheive our goal? d u u W d u d e ν perform a β decay experiment on short-lived isotopes θeν θ ei pe pν p recoil 11

31 How to acheive our goal? d u u W d u d e ν perform a β decay experiment on short-lived isotopes θ ei θeν make a precision measurement of the angular correlation parameters pe pν p recoil 11

32 How to acheive our goal? d u u W d u d e ν perform a β decay experiment on short-lived isotopes θ ei θeν make a precision measurement of the angular correlation parameters pe pν compare the SM predictions to observations p recoil 11

33 How to acheive our goal? d u u W d u d e ν perform a β decay experiment on short-lived isotopes θ ei θeν make a precision measurement of the angular correlation parameters pe pν compare the SM predictions to observations look for deviations as an indication of new physics p recoil 11

34 How to acheive our goal? d u u W d u d e ν perform a β decay experiment on short-lived isotopes θ ei θeν make a precision measurement of the angular correlation parameters pe perform a nuclear measurement pν compare the SM predictions to observations using atomic techniques to test high-energy theories! look for deviations as an indication of new physics p recoil 11

35 C.S. Wu s experiment Parity violation 12

36 C.S. Wu s experiment Parity violation so much scattering! low polarization short relaxation time poor sample purity pain to flip the spin need long t 1/2 12

37 Traps around the world Many groups around the world realize the potential of using traps for precision weak interaction studies atom traps He (Na) ion traps K,Fr Fr Na 13

38 1. Fundamental symmetries Overview what is our current understanding? how do we test what lies beyond? 2. TAMU Penning Trap physics of superallowed β decay ion trapping of proton-rich nuclei at T-REX 3. TRIUMF Neutral Atom Trap angular correlations of polarized 37 K preliminary results of a recent run 14

39 T = 2 superallowed decays 0 +,T=2 0 +,T=2 β + 44 Cr 40 Ti p γ 28 S 36 Ca 32 Ar 24 Si 20 Mg Z Stable T = 1 T = 2 β ν correlations model-dependence of δ C calcs seem to depend on T... new cases for V ud N 15

40 T = 2 superallowed decays 0 +,T=2 0 +,T=2 β + 44 Cr 40 Ti p γ 28 S 36 Ca Pure Fermi decay 32 Ar minimal nuclear structure effects vector scalar Z 20 Mg 24 Si Decay rate is simply given by: p e E e (A E e ) 2 ξ ( p e p ν Γm ) 1+a Stable e βν +b F E e E ν E e T = 1 T = 2 β ν correlations model-dependence of δ C calcs seem to depend on T... new cases for V ud N 15

41 β ν correlation from 32 Ar VOLUME 83, NUMBER 7 P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S 16 AUGUST 1999 Positron-Neutrino Correlation in the 0 1! 0 1 Decay of 32 Ar E. G. Adelberger, 1 C. Ortiz, 2 A. García, 2 H. E. Swanson, 1 M. Beck, 1 O. Tengblad, 3 M. J. G. Borge, 3 I. Martel, 4 H. Bichsel, 1 and the ISOLDE Collaboration 4 1 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, E Madrid, Spain 4 EP Division, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland CH-1211 (Received 24 February 1999) The positron-neutrino correlation in the 0 1! 0 1 b decay of 32 Ar was measured at ISOLDE by analyzing the effect of lepton recoil on the shape of the narrow proton group following the superallowed decay. Our result is consistent with the standard model prediction. For vanishing Fierz interference we find a , which yields improved constraints on scalar weak interactions. Doppler shape of delayed proton depends on p e p ν! 16

42 β ν correlation from 32 Ar VOLUME 83, NUMBER 7 P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S 16 AUGUST 1999 Positron-Neutrino Correlation in the 0 1! 0 1 Decay of 32 Ar E. G. Adelberger, 1 C. Ortiz, 2 A. García, 2 H. E. Swanson, 1 M. Beck, 1 O. Tengblad, 3 M. J. G. Borge, 3 I. Martel, 4 H. Bichsel, 1 and the ISOLDE Collaboration 4 1 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, E Madrid, Spain 4 EP Division, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland CH-1211 (Received 24 February 1999) The positron-neutrino correlation in the 0 1! 0 1 b decay of 32 Ar was measured at ISOLDE by analyzing the effect of lepton recoil on the shape of the narrow proton group following the superallowed decay. Our result is consistent with the standard model prediction. For vanishing Fierz interference we find a , which yields improved constraints on scalar weak interactions. Doppler shape of delayed proton depends on p e p ν! 16

43 β ν correlation from 32 Ar VOLUME 83, NUMBER 7 P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S 16 AUGUST Ar detector Positron-Neutrino Correlation in the 0 1! 0 1 Decay of 32 Ar E. G. Adelberger, 1 C. Ortiz, 2 A. García, 2 H. E. Swanson, 1 M. Beck, 1 O. Tengblad, 3 M. J. G. Borge, 3 I. Martel, 4 p H. Bichsel, 1 and the ISOLDE Collaboration 4 B = 3.5T 1 Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, E Madrid, Spain e + 4 EP Division, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland CH-1211 (Received 24 February 1999) The positron-neutrino correlation in the 0 1! 0 1 b decay of 32 Ar was measured at ISOLDE by analyzing the effect of lepton recoil on the shape of the narrow proton group following the superallowed decay. Our result is consistent with the standard model prediction. For vanishing Fierz interference we find a , which yields improved constraints on scalar weak interactions. Doppler shape of delayed proton depends on p e p ν! 16

44 But why throw away useful information?? We can improve the correlation measurement by retaining information about the β 17

45 But why throw away useful information?? We can improve the correlation measurement by retaining information about the β utilize technology of Penning traps to provide a backing-free source of localized radioactive ions!! 17

46 But why throw away useful information?? We can improve the correlation measurement by retaining information about the β utilize technology of Penning traps to provide a backing-free source of localized radioactive ions!! 17

47 But why throw away useful information?? We can improve the correlation measurement by retaining information about the β utilize technology of Penning traps to provide a backing-free source of localized radioactive ions!! Position-sensitive detector B End Cap Compensation Ring Compensation Electrode Electrode Electrode End Cap 17

48 But why throw away useful information?? We can improve the correlation measurement by retaining information about the β utilize technology of Penning traps to provide a backing-free source of localized radioactive ions!! 17

49 But why throw away useful information?? We can improve the correlation measurement by retaining information about the β utilize technology of Penning traps to provide a backing-free source of localized radioactive ions!! 17

50 But why throw away useful information?? We can improve the correlation measurement by retaining information about the β utilize technology of Penning traps to provide a backing-free source of localized radioactive ions!! 17

51 A Penning trap at T-REX CI/TAMU 18

52 The Texas A&M University Penning Trap will be the world s most open-geometry ion trap! uniquely suited for studying β-delayed proton decays: β ν correlations, ft values/v ud mass measurements, EC studies, laser spectroscopy,... to charge breeder and K500 cyclotron TAMUTRAP re commissioned K150 cyclotron production target BigSol separator ANL type gas catcher ortho TOF multi RFQ heavy ion guide 19

53 The Texas A&M University Penning Trap will be the world s most open-geometry ion trap! uniquely suited for studying β-delayed proton decays: β ν correlations, ft values/v ud mass measurements, EC studies, laser spectroscopy,... ion source cooler & buncher HV cage 7T/210mm ASRmagnet re-commissioned K150 cyclotron RIB from K150/HIguide 19

54 Current status (in 2013) 20

55 Current status (in 2013) Begin trapping off-line ions by the end of the summer! 20

56 Current status (in 2013) Begin trapping off-line ions by the end of the summer! Get Kassie and/or François to show you around!! 20

57 1. Fundamental symmetries Overview what is our current understanding? how do we test what lies beyond? 2. TAMU Penning Trap physics of superallowed β decay ion trapping of proton-rich nuclei at T-REX 3. TRIUMF Neutral Atom Trap angular correlations of polarized 37 K preliminary results of a recent run 21

58 The β + -decay of 37 K Almost as simple as : 1.225(7) s K 3/ % 3/2 + β + isobaric analogue decay strong branch to g.s. 5/ (11)% Ar 3/ (14)% 22

59 The β + -decay of 37 K Almost as simple as : 5/ (7) s K 3/ % 2.07(11)% 3/2 + β + isobaric analogue decay strong branch to g.s. polarization/alignment mixed Fermi/Gamow-Teller Ar 3/ (14)% need ρ G A M GT /G V M F to get SM prediction for correlation parameters 22

60 Almost as simple as : 5/2 + The β + -decay of 37 K 1.225(7) s K 3/ % 2.07(11)% 3/2 + β + isobaric analogue decay strong branch to g.s. polarization/alignment mixed Fermi/Gamow-Teller Ar 3/ (14)% need ρ G A M GT /G V M F to get SM prediction for correlation parameters get ρ from the comparative half-life: ρ 2 = 2Ft Ft 1 22

61 Almost as simple as : 5/2 + The β + -decay of 37 K 1.225(7) s K 3/ % 2.07(11)% 3/2 + β + isobaric analogue decay strong branch to g.s. polarization/alignment mixed Fermi/Gamow-Teller Ar 3/ (14)% need ρ G A M GT /G V M F to get SM prediction for correlation parameters get ρ from the comparative half-life: ρ 2 = 2Ft Q EC : ±0.003% BR: ±0.14% t 1/2 : ±0.57% Ft = 4562(28) Ft 1 ρ = (71) 22

62 Almost as simple as : Ar 5/2 + 3/2 + The β + -decay of 37 K 1.225(7) s K 3/ % 2.07(11)% 97.99(14)% 3/2 + β + isobaric analogue decay strong branch to g.s. polarization/alignment mixed Fermi/Gamow-Teller need ρ G A M GT /G V M F to get SM prediction for correlation parameters ThelifetimelimitstheFtvalue andhence precision ofρ andhence the SM predictions of the correlationparameters get ρ from the comparative half-life: ρ 2 = 2Ft Q EC : ±0.003% BR: ±0.14% t 1/2 : ±0.57% Ft = 4562(28) Ft 1 ρ = (71) 22

63 Measuring the lifetime at the CI 38 Ar (p, 2n) 37 K MARS beamline RIB aluminum degraders aluminized Mylar tape BC404 scintillator 4π gas prop chmbr 23

64 Improving the lifetime 24

65 Improving the lifetime nearly a 10 improvement: t 1/2 = ±0.47±0.83 ms Ft = 0.62% 0.18% and ρ = 1.2% 0.4% P. Shidling et al., PRC 90 (2014) (R) 24

66 Angular distribution of a 3 2 dw 1+a βν p e p ν E e E ν +bγ m E e + I I Correlation β ν correlation: a βν = (61) Fierz interference parameter: β asymmetry: ν asymmetry: Time-violating D coefficient: decay [ A β p e E e +B ν p ν E ν +D p e p ν E e E ν SM prediction b Fierz = 0 (sensitive to scalars and tensors) A β = (21) B ν = (58) D = 0 (sensitive to imaginary couplings) Precision measurements of these correlations to 0.1% complement collider experiments and test the SM see Profumo, Ramsey-Musolf and Tulin, PRD 75 (2007) and Cirigliano, González-Alonso and Graesser, JHEP 1302 (2013) ] 25

67 Angular distribution of a 3 2 dw 1+a βν p e p ν E e E ν +bγ m E e + I I Correlation decay [ A β p e E e +B ν p ν E ν +D p e p ν E e E ν SM prediction β ν correlation: a βν = (61) (18) Fierz interference parameter: β asymmetry: ν asymmetry: Time-violating D coefficient: b Fierz = 0 (sensitive to scalars and tensors) A β = (21) (7) B ν = (58) (18) D = 0 (sensitive to imaginary couplings) Precision measurements of these correlations to 0.1% complement collider experiments and test the SM see Profumo, Ramsey-Musolf and Tulin, PRD 75 (2007) and Cirigliano, González-Alonso and Graesser, JHEP 1302 (2013) ] 25

68 Thank you, AMO physicists!! Atomic methods have opened up a new vista in precision work and provide the ability to push β decay measurements to 0.1% laser-cooling and trapping (magneto-optical traps) sub-level state manipulation (optical pumping) characterization/diagnostics (photoionization) 26

69 Thank you, AMO physicists!! Atomic methods have opened up a new vista in precision work and provide the ability to push β decay measurements to 0.1% laser-cooling and trapping (magneto-optical traps) σ σ + I σ I σ + σ + σ 26

70 Thank you, AMO physicists!! Atomic methods have opened up a new vista in precision work and provide the ability to push β decay measurements to 0.1% laser-cooling and trapping (magneto-optical traps) 26

71 Thank you, AMO physicists!! Atomic methods have opened up a new vista in precision work and provide the ability to push β decay measurements to 0.1% laser-cooling and trapping (magneto-optical traps) Traps provide a backing-free, very cold ( 1 mk), localized ( 1 mm 3 ) source of isomerically-selective, short-lived radioactive atoms 26

72 Thank you, AMO physicists!! Atomic methods have opened up a new vista in precision work and provide the ability to push β decay measurements to 0.1% laser-cooling and trapping (magneto-optical traps) Detect p β and p recoil deduce p ν event-by-event!! Traps provide a backing-free, very cold ( 1 mk), localized ( 1 mm 3 ) source of isomerically-selective, short-lived radioactive atoms 26

73 The TRINAT lab TRINAT-lab.eps 27

74 The measurement chamber Shake-off e detection know decay occured from trap Better control of OP beams less heating, higher P ẑ Light ˆx 90 mm BC408 Scintillator 229µm thick Be foil (anti) Helmholtz coils B quad B OP quickly: AC-MOT better duty cycle, higher polarization Increased β/recoil solid angles better statistics Electron MCP Polarization axis Detection axis Recoil MCP Stronger E-field (one day... ) better separation of charge states, higher statistics Mirror with 254µm thick SiC substrate 40x40mm 2 x300µm Si-strip detector Electrostatic hoops Light. 28

75 Outline of polarized experiment 29

76 Outline of polarized experiment D 2 MOT anti- Helmholtz 29

77 Outline of polarized experiment P 1/2 D 1 OP Helmholtz m F σ ± 1 S 1/2 = F = I + J 29

78 Outline of polarized experiment 355 nm MCP E-field K + P 1/2 photoionization D 1 OP σ ± S 1/2 Helmholtz m F = F = I + J 29

79 Atomic measurement of P Deduce P based on a model of the excited state populations P 1/2 S 1/2 σ ± m F =

80 Atomic measurement of P Deduce P based on a model of the excited state populations P 1/2 S 1/2 σ ± m F = Photoions / microsecond Polarized at 432 microseconds Time since MOT off [µs] Polarization 30

81 Polarization error budget Source P [ 10 4 ] T [ 10 4 ] σ σ + σ σ + Systematics Initial alignment Global fit vs. average Uncertainty on s out Cloud temperature Binning Uncertainty in B z Initial polarization Require I + = I Total systematic Statistics Total uncertainty

82 Polarization error budget Source P [ 10 4 ] T [ 10 4 ] σ σ + σ σ + Systematics Initial alignment Global fit vs. average Uncertainty on s out Cloud temperature P nucl = (8)% Binning Uncertainty in B z Initial polarization Require I + = I Total systematic Statistics Total uncertainty

83 Scintillator spectra June 2014 Just the raw data; a slight lower-energy cut to get rid of 511s 32

84 Scintillator spectra June 2014 Requiring a E coincidence remove γs 32

85 Scintillator spectra June 2014 Requiring a shake-off e decay occured from trap! 32

86 Scintillator spectra June 2014 Put in all the basic analysis cuts clean spectrum!! 32

87 Scintillator spectra June 2014 Put in all the basic analysis cuts clean spectrum!! (Surprisingly) Awesome results!! Ben is about to finish analysis and graduate 32

88 Summary SM is fantastic, but not our ultimate theory many exciting avenues to find more a complete model nuclear approach: precision measurement of correlation parameters Penning trap + RIB CI = cool physics (AC-)MOT + opt. pumping = cool physics 33

89 Summary SM is fantastic, but not our ultimate theory many exciting avenues to find more a complete model Thank you for your attention! nuclear approach: precision measurement of correlation parameters (Wanna go skating?) Penning trap + RIB CI = cool physics (AC-)MOT + opt. pumping = cool physics 33