TAMU-TRAP facility for Weak Interaction Physics. P.D. Shidling Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University

Transcription

1 TAMU-TRAP facility for Weak Interaction Physics P.D. Shidling Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University

2 Outline of the talk Low energy test of Standard Model T =2 Superallowed transition Facility T-REX (TAMU Reaccelerated EXotics) Production & Thermalization of Radioactive Ion Beams TAMU-TRAP Facility & current status TAMU TRAP (Penning Trap) TAMU Cooler & Buncher Conclusion

3 Force carrier Standard model 3 Fundamental forces Electromagnetic Weak Strong 12 Fundamental Fermions Quarks & Leptons Force carriers W +, W -, Z,

4 Force carrier Standard model 3 Fundamental forces Electromagnetic Weak Strong 12 Fundamental Fermions Quarks & Leptons Force carriers W +, W -, Z, Why 3 generation Origin of parity violation Mechanism behind CP violation Number of parameters of theory

5 Test of Standard Model CERN Ion TAMU Tests of the under lying Fundamental Symmetries

6 Nuclear Beta decay test of SM Test of Conservation of Vector Current (CVC) hypothesis. Correlation experiments? =

7 Nuclear Beta decay test of SM Test of Conservation of Vector Current (CVC) hypothesis. Correlation experiments? = Test of unitarity of CKM Matrix? Contributed talk C1 Today Precise lifetime measurement in T=1/2 mirror nuclei -decay K decay B meson

8 In Standard Model (SM) weak interaction is V-A Interaction in nuclear -decay

9 Interaction in nuclear -decay In Standard Model (SM) weak interaction is V-A Pure Fermi transition + + e SM Interaction e Non SM Interaction

10 Interaction in nuclear -decay In Standard Model (SM) weak interaction is V-A Pure Fermi transition + In general decay can also be Scalar, Tensor, V+A interaction + e e SM Interaction Non SM Interaction

11 Interaction in nuclear -decay In Standard Model (SM) weak interaction is V-A Pure Fermi transition + In general decay can also be Scalar, Tensor, V+A interaction + e Correlation parameter e SM Interaction Non SM Interaction Pure Fermi transition? Test of Standard Model Jackson, Treiman and Wyld (Phys Rev 106 and Nucl Phys 4, 1957):

12 Test of CVC hypothesis t 1/2 0 +, 1 0 +, 1 BR EXPERIMENT Q EC

13 Test of CVC hypothesis Super allowed transitions Radiative corrections 0 +, 1 BR t 1/2 0 +, 1 EXPERIMENT Q EC Isospin symmetry breaking correction Mixing of states of same spin Difference in n and p radial wave functions Needs experimental verification for large corrections

14 Test of CVC hypothesis Super allowed transitions Radiative corrections 0 +, 1 BR t 1/2 0 +, 1 EXPERIMENT Q EC Isospin symmetry breaking correction Mixing of states of same spin Difference in n and p radial wave functions From many transitions Test of Conserved Vector Current Hypothesis (CVC) Needs experimental verification for large corrections

15 TAMU-TRAP MENU - correlation measurement. Measurement of value for T =2 superallowed transitions.

16 T = 2 Why T = 2?

17 Why T = 2? T = 2 Large correction is predicted for T = 2 transition. Measurement of values will allow to test and verify these corrections. 40 Ti 36 Ca 28 S 32 Ar 24 Si 20 Mg Beta delayed proton decay

18 - correlation measurements 0 +, 2 32 Ar 0 +, 2 31 S + p 32 Cl

19 - correlation measurements Proton contain the information about 32 Cl recoil (Doppler ) 0 +, 2 0 +, 2 32 Ar 31 S + p 32 Cl

20 - correlation measurements Proton contain the information about 32 Cl recoil (Doppler ) 0 +, 2 0 +, 2 32 Ar Vector Scalar 31 S + p 32 Cl Adelberger E.G. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett (1999) + + e e Vector Scalar

21 Penning Trap Types of Traps Hyperbolic Cylindrical Weak electric 3D quadrupole field (axial confinement) Strong Homogenous magnetic field (radial confinement) Paul Trap No magnetic field Uses electrodynamics field (Oscillating field)

22 Measurement method Cylindrical Penning Trap 32 Ar Nuclide Lifetime (ms) Proton Energy (MeV) 32 Ar PSD Beta (E = 10 MeV; r larmor = 10 mm) PSD Proton contain the information about 32 Cl recoil (Doppler ) 0 +, 2 0 +, 2 32 Ar 31 S + p 32 Cl

23 Measurement method Cylindrical Penning Trap Nuclide Lifetime (ms) Proton 32 Ar Energy (MeV) 20 Mg Si S Ar Ca Ti Fe PSD Beta (E = 10 MeV; r larmor = 10 mm) PSD Proton contain the information about 32 Cl recoil (Doppler ) 0 +, 2 0 +, 2 32 Ar Proton (E p = 4 MeV ; r larmor = 80 mm) 31 S + p 32 Cl

24 Cyclotron Institute facility

25 Cyclotron Institute upgrade T-REX [TAMU Reaccelerated EXotics] Recommisioning the K150 (88 ) cyclotron Constructing light & heavy ion guides. High intensity beam from K150. K150 will be driver for secondary RIBs accelerated with K500 cyclotron.

26 Cyclotron Institute upgrade T-REX [TAMU Reaccelerated EXotics] Expected K150 (88 ) beam intensity and energy Recommisioning the K150 (88 ) cyclotron Constructing light & heavy ion guides. High intensity beam from K150. K150 will be driver for secondary RIBs accelerated with K500 cyclotron. Isotope Energy Intensity Isotope Energy Intensity MeV/u pμa MeV/u pμa p Ne d Ne He S He Ar Li Ca Li Co B Kr B Kr O Xe

27 Production & thermalization Gas kev (10-15 kev) Gas catcher TAMU-TRAP Facility coupled to Heavy Ion guide Cooling & bunching RFQ Penning Trap

28 Expected rate Estimated production of T=2 superallowed proton emitters from T-REX RIB Projectile t 1/2 [ms] Target Beam Energy (MeV/u) Production Rate (particles/s) 40 Ti 40 Ca 53 3 He 17 ~ Ca 36 Ar He 20 ~ Ar 32 S 98 3 He 20 ~ S 28 Si He 20 ~ Si 24 Mg He 20 ~ Mg 20 Ne 90 3 He 21 ~ Useful nuclear reactions Charge-exchange Fusion-evaporation Projectile fragmentation

29 7 T 210 mm TAMU TRAP Beam line and Current status

30 Deflector E beam = 10 kev Deflector E beam = 2.7 kev 7 T 210 mm kv kv Deflector E beam = 10 kev +4.0 kv kv TAMU TRAP Beam line

31 0 V kv 0 V Einzel Lens E beam = 10 kev 7 T 210 mm Deflector E beam = 10 kev TAMU TRAP Beam line

32 Deceleration Optics E beam = ev Einzel Lens E beam Injection = 10 kev optics Deflector E beam = 10 kev Electrode (8.0 kv 7 T 210 mm Beam (10-15 kv) Ground Tube Electrode 8.2 kv Exit electrode (10.03 kv) TAMU TRAP Beam line

33 Deceleration Optics E beam = ev RFQ (on High Voltage Platform) Einzel Lens E beam = 10 kev Deflector E beam = 10 kev Thermal energy (0.1 ev) Beam TAMU TRAP Beam line

34 TAMU Cooler & Buncher 852 mm

35 TAMU Cooler & Buncher 852 mm (Buffer gas cooling) He Buffer gas cooling mbar 2-10 ms (cooling time)

36 TAMU Cooler & Buncher 852 mm (Buffer gas cooling) He + 0 V DC 8 V DC Buffer gas cooling mbar 2-10 ms (cooling time) 28 segments V RF ~ 250 V AC f = 1 MHz E (FWHM) = 5 ev TOF (FWHM) = 1.2 μs

37 TAMU Cooler & Buncher 852 mm (Buffer gas cooling) He 0 V DC 8 V DC Buffer gas cooling mbar 2-10 ms (cooling time)

38 Deceleration Optics E beam = ev Pulsing cavity & Einzel lens Extraction Optics E beam = 2.7 kev Einzel Lens E beam = 10 kev High voltage platform Deflector E beam = 10 kev Einzel lens Pulsing Cavity (7.3 kv) Ground Einzel Lens TAMU TRAP Beam line

39 TAMU Penning trap system Purification trap based off ISOLTRAP Measurement trap To contain decay products in measurements Tunable, orthogonalized geometry M. Mehlmann, P.D. Shidling et al. Submitted to NIMA

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41 Take home points Low Energy Physics refers to the test of fundamental symmetries. Low energy precision work is complementary to High Energy direct searches. T=2 super allowed transition Search for New interactions in -decay in particular with trapped and stored particles. Test of CVC hypothesis Test C - NS to verify and improve calculations. Open trap geometry for decay studies and precision mass measurement. Rich Program at upcoming TAMU-TRAP facility. Offline test of cooler & buncher in Jan

42 Deceleration Optics E beam = ev Extraction Optics E beam = 2.7 kev Einzel Lens E beam = 10 kev Deflector E beam = 10 kev P.D. Shidling Ion Trap Ben Fenker Atom trap M. Mehlmann Ion trap Spencer Behling Atom trap Dr. Dan Melconian Group Leader Measurement & Purification Trap Thank you TAMU TRAP Beam line

43 `

44 Current Status Super allowed transitions (T =1) Mixed transitions (T = 1/2 ) O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns Phys. Rev. Lett. 142, (2009) J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009) = ± 0.79 s CVC hypothesis verified to = 6173 ± 22 s CVC hypothesis verified to % 0.36 %

45 Current Status Super allowed transitions (T =1) Mixed transitions (T = 1/2 ) V ud = ± V ud = ± V ud = ± (Super allowed transition ) (Mirror transitions) (Neutron decay) CKM unitarity satisfied to within an uncertainty of 0.06%. O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns Phys. Rev. Lett. 142, (2009) J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009) = ± 0.79 s CVC hypothesis verified to = 6173 ± 22 s J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009) O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns Phys. Rev. Lett. 142, (2009) CVC hypothesis verified to % 0.36 %

46 Current Status Super allowed transitions (T =1) Mixed transitions (T = 1/2 ) V ud = ± V ud = ± V ud = ± J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009) = ± 0.79 s (Super allowed transition ) (Mirror transitions) (Neutron decay) CKM unitarity satisfied to within an uncertainty of 0.06%. Nuclear structure dependent corrections Model dependence c seem to depend on T Need to verify experimentally O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns Phys. Rev. Lett. 142, (2009) = 6173 ± 22 s J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009) O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns Phys. Rev. Lett. 142, (2009) CVC hypothesis verified to CVC hypothesis verified to % 0.36 %

47 By lowering the temperature of cobalt atoms to about 0.01K, Wu was able to "polarize" the nuclear spins along the direction of an applied magnetic field. The directions of the emitted electrons were then measured. Equal numbers of electrons should be emitted parallel and antiparallel to the magnetic field if parity is conserved, but they found that more electrons were emitted in the direction opposite to the magnetic field and therefore opposite to the nuclear spin.

48 Test of CVC hypothesis t 1/2 0 +, 1 Super allowed transitions 0 +, 1 BR EXPERIMENT Q EC Z dependent radiative correction nuclear structure dependent radiative correction Isospin symmetry breaking correction Vector coupling constant (G F ) transition independent radiative correction

49 Interaction in nuclear -decay In Standard Model (SM) weak interaction is V-A In general decay can also be Scalar, Tensor, V+A interaction Pure Fermi transition Measureable quantities SM Interaction Non SM Interaction a (a ; correlation) A (A ; Asymmetry) B (B ; Asymmetry) D (D ; T-violation) Jackson, Treiman and Wyld (Phys Rev 106 and Nucl Phys 4, 1957):

50 Start of Program with 32 Ar E p (MeV) M. Bhattacharya, D Melconian et al. Phys. Rev. C 77, (2008) (1) Measured the proton branch at 0.7% level. (2) Largest background in the spectrum comes from the betas that were not followed by delayed proton.

51 TAMU-TRAP Facility Einzel lens 5 Gauss RFQ Chamber Steerer

52 Interaction in nuclear -decay

53 Beam for TAMU-TRAP Facility Isotope Energy Intensity Isotope Energy Intensity MeV/u pμa MeV/u pμa p Ne d Ne He S He Ar Li Ca Li Co B Kr B Kr O Xe Axial beam Blocker 25 cm diameter 140 cm length (Gas catcher) Beam from K150

54 Heavy Ion guide beam line coupling to TRIP-TRAP Facility TAMU-TRAP

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57 Calculated dimensions: Ring: 1.15*2 cm Compensation: cm Endcap: 8 cm Gaps: 0.05 cm Radius: 9 cm Calculated tuning (C 4 =0) condition: V c /V o = TAMUTRAP C C C x10-6 C C

58 Weak Interaction Theory Basic foundation of theory

59 Weak Interaction Theory Basic foundation of theory Assumption of maximum parity violation Assumption of massless neutrino Vector-Axial vector character of the weak interaction

60 Weak Interaction Theory Basic foundation of theory Assumption of maximum parity violation Assumption of massless neutrino Vector-Axial vector character of the weak interaction - decay

61 Ion Traps Trapping ions in one dimension (Electrostatic field)

62 Ion Traps Trapping ions in one dimension (Electrostatic field) B Radial confinement of ions (Linear Magnetic field)

63 Ion Traps B Radial confinement of ions (Linear Magnetic field) Trapping Ions in Three dimension Trapping ions in one dimension (Electrostatic field)

64 Penning Trap Strong Homogenous magnetic field (radial confinement) Weak electric 3D quadrupole field (axial confinement)

65 Penning Trap Strong Homogenous magnetic field (radial confinement) Weak electric 3D quadrupole field (axial confinement) Three characteristic harmonic motion: (1) Axial motion (2) Magnetron motion (3) Reduced cyclotron motion

66 Penning Trap Strong Homogenous magnetic field (radial confinement) Weak electric 3D quadrupole field (axial confinement) Three characteristic harmonic motion: (1) Axial motion (2) Magnetron motion (3) Reduced cyclotron motion Hyperbolic Cylindrical

67 Penning Trap Strong Homogenous magnetic field (radial confinement) Weak electric 3D quadrupole field (axial confinement) Three characteristic harmonic motion: (1) Axial motion (2) Magnetron motion (3) Reduced cyclotron motion Hyperbolic Cylindrical

68 No magnetic field Paul Trap

69 No magnetic field Uses electrodynamics field (Oscillating field) Paul Trap

70 Paul Trap No magnetic field Uses electrodynamics field (Oscillating field) RF Voltage

71 Cyclotron Institute Upgrade Expected K150 (88 ) beam intensity and energy Isotope Energy Intensity Isotope Energy Intensity MeV/u pμa MeV/u pμa p Ne d Ne He S He Ar Li Ca Li Co B Kr B Kr O Xe

72 Cyclotron Institute Upgrade Expected K150 (88 ) beam intensity and energy Isotope Energy Intensity Isotope Energy Intensity MeV/u pμa MeV/u pμa p Ne d Ne He S He Ar Li Ca Li Co B Kr B Kr O Xe TAMU-TRAP Facility is coupled to Heavy Ion guide

73 Gas Catcher RF Cone Forces RF + DC + Gas flow Efficient extraction of Ions In collaboration with Prof. Guy Savard - ANL

74 Standard model 3 Fundamental forces Electromagnetic Weak Strong 12 Fundamental Fermions Quarks & Leptons

75 Force carrier Standard model 3 Fundamental forces Electromagnetic Weak Strong 12 Fundamental Fermions Quarks & Leptons Force carriers W +, W -, Z,

76 Force carrier Standard model 3 Fundamental forces Electromagnetic Weak Strong 12 Fundamental Fermions Quarks & Leptons Force carriers W +, W -, Z,

77 Unitarity of CKM Matrix Cabbibo G F G F cos c Hypothesis: Mass Eigen states (u,d,c,s,t,b) Weak Eigen states (u,d,c,s,t,b ) Kobayashi and Maskawa: Generalized to 3 quark families (Nobel Prize 2008) -decay K decay B meson G µ = G cos c G µ = G?

78 Unitarity of CKM Matrix Cabbibo G F G F cos c Hypothesis: Mass Eigen states (u,d,c,s,t,b) Weak Eigen states (u,d,c,s,t,b ) Kobayashi and Maskawa: Generalized to 3 quark families (Nobel Prize 2008) -decay K decay B meson -decay K decay B meson G µ = G cos c G µ = G?

79 Current Status Super allowed transitions (T =1) J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009) = ± 0.79 s

80 Current Status Super allowed transitions (T =1) J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009) = ± 0.79 s CVC hypothesis verified to %

81 Current Status Super allowed transitions (T =1) Mixed transitions (T = 1/2 ) V ud = ± V ud = ± V ud = ± (Super allowed transition ) (Mirror transitions) (Neutron decay) O. Naviliat-Cuncic and N. Severijns Phys. Rev. Lett. 142, (2009) J.C. Hardy and I.S. Towner Phys. Rev. C 79, (2009) = ± 0.79 s CVC hypothesis verified to = 6173 ± 22 s CVC hypothesis verified to % 0.36 %

82 Penning Trap Types of Traps Hyperbolic Cylindrical Weak electric 3D quadrupole field B (axial confinement) Strong Homogenous magnetic field (radial confinement) Paul Trap No magnetic field Uses electrodynamics field (Oscillating field)

83 Test of CVC hypothesis Super allowed transitions Radiative corrections 0 +, 1 BR t 1/2 0 +, 1 EXPERIMENT Q EC Z dependent radiative correction nuclear structure dependent radiative correction Isospin symmetry breaking correction Vector coupling constant (G V = G F ) transition independent radiative correction

84 Test of CVC hypothesis Super allowed transitions Radiative corrections 0 +, 1 BR t 1/2 0 +, 1 EXPERIMENT Q EC Isospin symmetry breaking correction Z dependent radiative correction nuclear structure dependent radiative correction Isospin symmetry breaking correction Vector coupling constant (G V = G F ) transition independent radiative correction

85 Test of CVC hypothesis Super allowed transitions Radiative corrections 0 +, 1 BR t 1/2 0 +, 1 EXPERIMENT Q EC Isospin symmetry breaking correction Mixing of states of same spin Z dependent radiative correction nuclear structure dependent radiative correction Isospin symmetry breaking correction Vector coupling constant (G V = G F ) transition independent radiative correction

86 Test of CVC hypothesis Super allowed transitions Radiative corrections 0 +, 1 BR t 1/2 0 +, 1 EXPERIMENT Q EC Isospin symmetry breaking correction Mixing of states of same spin Difference in n and p radial wave functions Z dependent radiative correction nuclear structure dependent radiative correction Isospin symmetry breaking correction Vector coupling constant (G V = G F ) transition independent radiative correction

87 - correlation measurements Proton contain the information about 32 Cl recoil (Doppler ) 0 +, 2 0 +, 2 32 Ar Vector Scalar 31 S + p 32 Cl + e Adelberger E.G. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett (1999) + Precision level can be improved and the background can be reduced by performing the measurement using ion trap (with open geometry). e Vector Scalar

88 Measurement method Cylindrical Penning Trap 32 Ar Nuclide Lifetime (ms) Proton Energy (MeV) 20 Mg Si S Ar Ca Ti Fe PSD Different Larmor radii provides better separation. Proton contain the information about 32 Cl recoil Comparison of parallel vs. opposite (Doppler direction ) of Beta (E PSD 0 + = 10 MeV; r larmor = 5 mm), 2 proton w.r.t. beta may enhance the sensitivity. Proton (E p = 4 MeV ; r larmor = 40 mm) 31 S + p 0 +, 2 32 Ar 32 Cl