Student task. Which factors affect the impact of a hazardous event?

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Francis Woods
5 years ago
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Student task Both volcanic eruptions and earthquakes often have a catastrophic impact and devastating effects.

Lava slowly flowing over Chain of Craters Road, Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii Courtesy of the U.S.

html Collapsed freeway structure, Oakland, California in 1989 Courtesy of the U.S.

1 Student task Both volcanic eruptions and earthquakes often have a catastrophic impact and devastating effects. What similarities can you see in these three photographs? Lava slowly flowing over Chain of Craters Road, Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii Courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey, from rd/superposition.html Collapsed freeway structure, Oakland, California in 1989 Courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey, from Earthquake damage Christchurch, New Zealand in Martin Luff Page 1 of 7

2 Sheet A Honshu earthquake (March 2011), impacts/effects Tsunamis arrived along the coastline causing flooding. More than 15,000 people killed. One third of a million buildings destroyed or damaged. Gas pipes damaged causing fires Page 2 of 7

3 Sheet B Impacts/effects of Page 3 of 7

4 Sheet C Venn diagram, effects of the hazard on coastal/inland areas The most likely impacts to occur in: Coastal Area Inland area Either Page 4 of 7

5 Sheet D Blank Venn diagram The most likely impacts to occur in: Either Page 5 of 7

6 Teaching notes The term impact could be explained as effect or simplified to just 'death toll'. The three photographs on the Student task sheet demonstrate some of the obvious effects/impacts of three hazard events. Additional information can be found at: Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park eruption updates - The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake Seismogram courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey, from The Christchurch February 2011 earthquake A possible teaching approach could be to use the three images to ask students to list any possible effects/impacts of the three hazard events as a five-minute starter. The students could next use Sheet A to list the main effects/impacts of the catastrophic Honshu earthquake of March Four examples have been pre-entered to assist the students. Additional information is available at: This United States Geological Survey website gives a very comprehensive report of the earthquake. gives an excellent overall view of the effects of the tsunami. It has dramatic live images of the tsunami moving across farmland from a helicopter. The 5 minutes 39 seconds video clip also shows some of the resultant fires as well as boats being swept into buildings and bridges. There is a good accompanying English language commentary Page 6 of 7

7 has a 1 minute 30 seconds video of the tsunami and its destructive effects. There is an accompanying audio commentary in English. Students can then be given a copy of the Venn diagram sheet (Sheet C). This considers the effects/impacts of the 2011 tsunami on coastal/inland areas. Students can be asked to consider whereon the Venn diagram each effect/impact should be placed. A blank data collection sheet (sheet B) is provided to research the effects/impact of an additional named volcanic eruption or another earthquake. Using the blank Venn diagram (Sheet D) students can consider how each effect/impact of the Honshu tsunami or their case study affects different areas. Comparisons could include: coastal area / inland area urban area / rural area if event was predicted / if event was not predicted MEDC/LEDC the short term / the long term others comparisons of the students choosing The effects/impacts could either be written into the diagram or cut out from the data collection sheet and placed on the Venn diagram (Sheet D). Conclusion A summary for this activity could be completing the following: I think the most important factor in considering the impact of a hazardous event was This factor is most likely to effect the impacts of the event because Possible variation Poster sized Venn diagrams could be placed around the room with different factors to compare on each. Students then write the impacts which a volcano / earthquake could have on the Post-it notes and then attach them to the relevant Venn diagram Page 7 of 7

How do Volcanoes change the Earth s surface?

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