Volcanoes. Table of Contents Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Volcanoes. Table of Contents Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms"

Transcription

1 Volcanoes Table of Contents Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Landforms

2 What is a volcano? cone Conduit Or Pipe vent Side vent Central vent Crater A volcano is a vent or 'chimney' that connects molten rock (magma) from within the Earth s crust to the Earth's surface. The volcano includes the surrounding cone of erupted material. Magma vs Lava Magma chamber

3 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics The Ring of Fire The Ring of Fire is a belt of volcanoes that circles the Pacific Ocean. As with most of Earth s volcanoes, these volcanoes form along boundaries of tectonic plates.

4 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanoes and Diverging Boundaries Volcanoes will form along mid-ocean ridges. Along the rift valley lava pours out of the cracks in the ocean floor. On land you can find them forming along the Great Rift Valley in East Africa.

5 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Volcanoes and Converging Boundaries Volcanoes often form where two plates collide. At a deep ocean trench (oceanic crusts) Water causes the magma to cool down which will then rise up making a volcano. This forms an Island Arc, which follows the curve of the trench. This also occurs where oceanic plates subduct under continental, like South America and the Andes Mountains and Pacific Northwest/Mount Rainier

6 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Hot Spot The Hawaiian Islands have formed one by one as the Pacific plate drifts slowly over a hot spot. This process has taken millions of years. Due to the motion of the Pacific plate which of the Hawaiian Islands Is the oldest and which is the youngest? Why?

7 Volcanic Eruptions Inside a Volcano A volcano is made up of many different parts.

8 What happens when a volcano erupts? Hot, molten rock (magma) is buoyant (has a lower density than the surrounding rocks) and will rise up through the crust to erupt on the surface. -Same principle as hot air rising, e.g. how a hot air balloon works When magma reaches the surface it depends on how easily it flows (viscosity) and the amount of gas (H 2 O, CO 2, S) it has in it as to how it erupts. Large amounts of gas and a high viscosity (sticky) magma will form an explosive eruption! -Think about shaking a carbonated drink and then releasing the cap. Small amounts of gas and (or) low viscosity (runny) magma will form an effusive (QUIET) eruption -Where the magma just trickles out of the volcano (lava flow).

9 Volcanic Eruptions Magma Composition Magma varies in composition. It is classified according to the amount of silica it contains. The less silica that the magma contains, the more easily it flows.

10 Effusive (Quiet) Eruptions Effusive eruptions are characterized by outpourings of lava on to the ground.

11 Explosive Eruptions Explosive volcanic eruptions can be catastrophic Erupt 10 s-1000 s km 3 of magma Send ash clouds >25 km into the stratosphere Have severe environmental and climatic effects Hazardous!!! Above: Large eruption column and ash cloud from an explosive eruption at Mt Redoubt, Alaska

12 Explosive Eruptions cont. Three products from an explosive eruption Ash fall Pyroclastic flow Pyroclastic surge Pyroclastic flows on Montserrat, buried the capital city.

13 Volcanic Hazards Pyroclastic flow Lahars/Mud flows Pyroclastic fall Lava flow Noxious Gas Earthquakes

14 Pyroclastic Flow For example, eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD destroyed the city of Pompeii On August 24, 79AD Mount Vesuvius literally blew its top, erupting tonnes of molten ash, pumice and sulfuric gas miles into the atmosphere. Pyroclastic flows flowed over the city of Pompeii and surrounding areas.

15 Pyroclastic Flow - direct impact

16 Volcanic Eruptions Cascade Volcanoes The Cascade volcanoes have formed as the Juan de Fuca plate sinks beneath the North American plate.

17 Stages of Volcanic Activity Active volcano; has had at least one eruption during the past 1,000 to 10,000 years and in the future. Dormant Volcano; an active volcano that is not erupting but should erupt again. It erupted more than 10,000 years ago.

18 Stages of Volcanic Activity Extinct volcanoes; a volcano that has not erupted nor will it erupt because there is no lava flow, i.e.; Hawaiian Islands Extinct volcano, Mount Bosavi, On the New Guinea mainland

19 Volcanic Eruptions Mt. Rainier Mount Rainier is part of the Cascade volcanoes. All past eruptions of Mount Rainier have included ash and lava.

20 Volcanic Landforms How a Caldera Forms A caldera is a hole left when a volcano collapses. What is happening in the sequence of diagrams?

21 Volcanic Landforms Volcanic Mountains Lava from volcanoes cools and hardens to form lava plateaus and three types of mountains.

22 Cinder cone volcanoes Steep cone shaped hill or small mountain. Magma has high silica content (thick and sticky) Produces ash, cinders and bombs. Hundreds of meters high.

23 Composite (Stratovolcano) volcanoes Silica content of magma can vary Lava flows and explosive eruptions can alternate. Tall, cone shaped mountains layers of lava and ash Thousands of meters tall Mount Fuji and Mount St. Helens

24 Shield volcanoes Spots on Earth s surface where lava has steadily flowed up making a volcano of many hardened layers of lava Gently sloping mountain formed over a hot spot rising thousands of meters up. Example; islands of Hawaii.

25 Lava plateaus Forms after millions of years Lava that flows from several long cracks in an area Can travel far before cooling and solidifying

26 Volcanic Landforms Use the graphic organizer to compare and contrast two types of volcanoes.

27 Volcanic Landforms Volcanic Necks, Dikes, and Sills Magma that cools and hardens into rock before reaching the surface forms volcanic necks, dikes, and sills.

28 Volcanic Landforms Batholiths Batholiths are common in the western United States.

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. volcano sample test Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Volcanic belts form along a. islands in the Pacific Ocean. b. North American

More information

Unit 4 Lesson 4 Volcanoes. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 4 Lesson 4 Volcanoes. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Magma Magic What is a volcano? A volcano is any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground. Many volcanoes are dormant, meaning an eruption has not occurred in a long period of time. What

More information

Chapter 7: Volcanoes 8/18/2014. Section 1 (Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics) 8 th Grade. Ring of Fire

Chapter 7: Volcanoes 8/18/2014. Section 1 (Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics) 8 th Grade. Ring of Fire Section 1 (Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics) Chapter 7: Volcanoes 8 th Grade Ring of Fire a major belt of es that rims the Pacific Ocean Volcanic belts form along the boundaries of Earth s plates as they

More information

Volcano: a weak spot in the crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface

Volcano: a weak spot in the crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface Chapter 7 Volcano: a weak spot in the crust where molten material or magma comes to the surface Magma: a molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases and H 2 O from the mantle Volcanic Belts: Form

More information

When Mount St. Helens erupted, trapped gases caused the north side of the mountain to explode. Volcanic ash was ejected high into the atmosphere.

When Mount St. Helens erupted, trapped gases caused the north side of the mountain to explode. Volcanic ash was ejected high into the atmosphere. When Mount St. Helens erupted, trapped gases caused the north side of the mountain to explode. Volcanic ash was ejected high into the atmosphere. A volcano is a mountain that forms when magma reaches the

More information

Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!!

Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! Three Types of Volcanos Shield Cinder Cone Composite Shield Volcano Created by hot spots Gently sloping Cinder Volcano Steep Cone-shaped hill/ mountain Composite Volcano Tall,

More information

A bowl shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano is called a. Magma that has left the vent of a volcano is known as. Lava.

A bowl shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano is called a. Magma that has left the vent of a volcano is known as. Lava. Magma that has left the vent of a volcano is known as Lava A bowl shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano is called a Caldera This can form in a caldera when magma starts to come back up

More information

Volcano. Magma. Lava. weak spot in crust where magma and gases come up. molten mixture of rockforming

Volcano. Magma. Lava. weak spot in crust where magma and gases come up. molten mixture of rockforming Volcanoes Volcano weak spot in crust where magma and gases come up Magma Lava molten mixture of rockforming substance, gases, water from the mantle Magma that flows onto earth surface forms solid rock

More information

Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOES

Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOES Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOES VOLCANOS Three Types of Volcanos Shield Cinder Cone Composite LAND FORMATIONS FROM LAVA & ASH Shield Volcano Created by hot spots Gently sloping Cinder Volcano Steep

More information

A Volcano is An opening in Earth s crust through

A Volcano is An opening in Earth s crust through Volcanoes A Volcano is An opening in Earth s crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt. Also, the landform that develops around this opening. Kinds of Eruptions Geologists classify volcanic

More information

Types of Volcanoes KEY CONCEPT: TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS CAN RESULT IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES.

Types of Volcanoes KEY CONCEPT: TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS CAN RESULT IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES. Types of Volcanoes KEY CONCEPT: TECTONIC PLATE MOTIONS CAN RESULT IN VOLCANIC ACTIVITY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES. Volcanoes How do volcanoes work? How do volcanoes work? Magma is forced onto Earth s surface.

More information

Volcanoes. Presented by Kesler Science

Volcanoes. Presented by Kesler Science Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. What are the parts of a volcano? 2. What are the four types? 3. What processes form volcanoes? 4. Where are volcanoes located on earth? What is a Volcano?

More information

Volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb.

Volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb. Ch. 13 Volcanoes Volcanoes Volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than the explosion of an atomic bomb. Many of these eruptions are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. Volcanism Volcanism-any activity

More information

Goal 2.1 Forces in the Lithosphere. Volcanic Activity

Goal 2.1 Forces in the Lithosphere. Volcanic Activity Goal 2.1 Forces in the Lithosphere Volcanic Activity Lesson 3 Volcanoes, Part 1 Think About It What happens when you shake a can of soda and then open it? Focus Question How does the composition of magma

More information

Study guide chapter 9

Study guide chapter 9 Study guide chapter 9 1. What are the three ways solid mantle material can change phase to a liquid? Associate a boundary/hot spot to each way mantle material changes phase. 1. A decrease in pressure which

More information

3.2 Notes: Volcanoes Form as Molten Rock Erupts

3.2 Notes: Volcanoes Form as Molten Rock Erupts 3.2 Notes: Volcanoes Form as Molten Rock Erupts Think about What happens when a volcano erupts? Volcanoes erupt many types of material Earth s thin outer layer is, but most of Earth is extremely hot rock

More information

Volcano - A Volcano is an opening in the Earth s surface through which molten material or volcanic gases are erupted.

Volcano - A Volcano is an opening in the Earth s surface through which molten material or volcanic gases are erupted. What is a Volcano? Volcano - A Volcano is an opening in the Earth s surface through which molten material or volcanic gases are erupted. A volcano can either be a classic volcanic cone.. Mt. St. Helens,

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 10 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions Factors Affecting Eruptions Factors that determine the violence of an eruption

More information

Earth has more than 600 active volcanoes. An active volcano is one that has erupted within recorded history.

Earth has more than 600 active volcanoes. An active volcano is one that has erupted within recorded history. Volcanoes A volcano is an opening in Earth s surface that erupts gases, ash, and lava. These materials pile up in layers around the opening, forming volcanic mountains. Earth has more than 600 active volcanoes.

More information

UNIT SIX: Earth s Structure. Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes

UNIT SIX: Earth s Structure. Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes UNIT SIX: Earth s Structure Chapter 18 Earth s History and Rocks Chapter 19 Changing Earth Chapter 20 Earthquakes and Volcanoes Chapter Twenty: Earthquakes and Volcanoes 20.1 Earthquakes 20.2 Volcanoes

More information

The locations of volcanoes are mostly determined by plate tectonics. convergent: tending to move toward one point or to approach each other

The locations of volcanoes are mostly determined by plate tectonics. convergent: tending to move toward one point or to approach each other Ch. 22.6 Volcanoes The locations of volcanoes are mostly determined by plate tectonics. Review Vocabulary convergent: tending to move toward one point or to approach each other IntroVolcanoes348 I. Zones

More information

Overview of Ch. 4. I. The nature of volcanic eruptions 9/19/2011. Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Chapter 4 or 5

Overview of Ch. 4. I. The nature of volcanic eruptions 9/19/2011. Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Chapter 4 or 5 Overview of Ch. 4 Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Chapter 4 or 5 I. Nature of Volcanic Eruptions II. Materials Extruded from a Volcano III.Types of Volcanoes IV.Volcanic Landforms V. Plutonic (intrusive)

More information

Magma vs. Lava. Molten rock below Earth s surface is called magma. The magma that reaches the surface and erupts out of a volcano is called lava.

Magma vs. Lava. Molten rock below Earth s surface is called magma. The magma that reaches the surface and erupts out of a volcano is called lava. CH. 10.1 Be able to Explain the factors that determine the type of volcanic eruption. List the 3 types of volcanoes Describe the features of a volcano. What is a Volcano? Volcanoes are sites where molten

More information

A. What is a volcano?

A. What is a volcano? VOLCANISM THE ROCK CYCLE I. Introduction From: Roman god of fire, Vulcan A. What is a volcano? A conical mountain formed around a vent where lava, pyroclastic materials, and gases are erupted. I. Introduction

More information

Objectives: Describe how volcanoes can affect people. Describe conditions that cause volcanoes. Describe the relationship between volcanoes and Earth

Objectives: Describe how volcanoes can affect people. Describe conditions that cause volcanoes. Describe the relationship between volcanoes and Earth Objectives: Describe how volcanoes can affect people. Describe conditions that cause volcanoes. Describe the relationship between volcanoes and Earth s moving plates. Inside of Old Smokey, All covered

More information

Folding. Faulting. Volcanoes

Folding. Faulting. Volcanoes Folding Faulting Volcanoes Most major global mountain ranges were formed by the collision of continental (tectonic) plates Fold mountains are actually formed by crust which have been uplifted and folded

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

Directed Reading. Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics 1. Some volcanic eruptions can be more powerful than a(n) a. hand grenade. b. earthquake. c. geyser. d. atomic bomb. 2. The cause

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Volcanic Eruptions. light in color is called a. felsic. b. oceanic. c. mantle. d. mafic. dark in color is called

Directed Reading. Section: Volcanic Eruptions. light in color is called a. felsic. b. oceanic. c. mantle. d. mafic. dark in color is called Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanic Eruptions 1. Lava provides an opportunity for scientists to study a. the nature of Earth s inner core. b. the nature of Earth s tectonic plates. c. temperatures

More information

Earth s Dynamic Surface

Earth s Dynamic Surface Earth s Dynamic Surface Shaping Earth s Surface What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the

More information

Effects of Eruptions. Most active in the world Kilauea, Hawaii.

Effects of Eruptions. Most active in the world Kilauea, Hawaii. Inside of Old Smokey, All covered with snow, Lurk tons of hot magma, Getting ready to blow, Objectives: From deep in the chamber, Describe how volcanoes can affect people. Up a vent to the top, Describe

More information

Apr 20 2:26 PM. the opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt. the landform that develops around this opening

Apr 20 2:26 PM. the opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt. the landform that develops around this opening Volcanoes Cleveland Volcano, Alaska, May 2006 Taken from the ISS Apr 20 2:26 PM The term volcano can refer to two things: 1. the opening in Earth's crust through which molten rock, gases, and ash erupt

More information

Magma. Objectives. Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary.

Magma. Objectives. Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary. Magma Objectives Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary viscosity Magma Magma The ash that spews from some volcanoes can form

More information

Magma. Objectives. Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary.

Magma. Objectives. Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary. Magma Objectives Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Vocabulary viscosity Magma Magma The ash that spews from some volcanoes can form

More information

Part A GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES. Name

Part A GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES. Name GEOLOGY 12 CHAPTER 4 WORKSHEET VOLCANOES Name Part A 1. The rough, jumbled blocky or jagged surface of a lava flow is called a. pahoehoe b. lahar c. aa d. phreatic 2. The Cascade volcanoes like Mt. St.

More information

Chapter 18. Volcanism

Chapter 18. Volcanism Chapter 18 Volcanism Ring of fire contains 66% of world s active volcanoes Convergent : Divergent: Icelandic Eruption Mount Etna Different Kinds of eruptions: Volcanic activity is controlled by plate tectonics,

More information

WHAT IS A MAGMA. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth.

WHAT IS A MAGMA. Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth. UNIT - 8 VOLCANOES WHAT IS A MAGMA Magma is a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids that is found beneath the surface of the Earth. In some instances, it solidifies within the crust to form plutonic

More information

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. Volcanoes and Eruption Types. By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner. Chapter 9 Volcanism and Other

Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. Volcanoes and Eruption Types. By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner. Chapter 9 Volcanism and Other Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 9 Volcanism and Other Igneous Processes Volcanoes types and effects of eruption Chapter Overview Melting and cooling of rocks Geological

More information

Introduction to volcanoes. Volcano: an opening in the earth s surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt

Introduction to volcanoes. Volcano: an opening in the earth s surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt Introduction to volcanoes Volcano: an opening in the earth s surface through which lava, hot gases, and rock fragments erupt Origin of Volcanoes 1. Magma 50-100 miles below the earth s surface slowly begins

More information

Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa

Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa Foundations of Earth Science, 6e Lutgens, Tarbuck, & Tasa Fires Within: Igneous Activity Foundations, 6e - Chapter 7 Stan Hatfield Southwestern Illinois College The nature of volcanic eruptions Characteristics

More information

Chapter Twelve: Earthquakes

Chapter Twelve: Earthquakes The Changing Earth Chapter Twelve: Earthquakes 12.1 Earthquakes 12.2 Volcanoes Investigation 12B Volcanoes How are volcanoes and plate boundaries related? 12.2 Looking inside a volcano A volcano is where

More information

Earth s Interior HW Packet HW #1 Plate Tectonics (pages )

Earth s Interior HW Packet HW #1 Plate Tectonics (pages ) Name Earth s Interior HW Packet HW #1 Plate Tectonics (pages 676 683) 1. Is the following sentence true or false? According to the theory of plate tectonics, Earth s plates move about quickly on top of

More information

1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 13 SECTION Volcanoes 1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What three conditions can cause magma to form? What is volcanism? What are

More information

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas INTERNAL PROCESSES Internal Processes The Impact of Internal Processes on the Landscape From Rigid Earth to Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Vulcanism Diastrophism Folding

More information

Types of Volcanoes. Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries.

Types of Volcanoes. Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries. Types of Volcanoes Key Concept: Tectonic plate motions can result in volcanic activity at plate boundaries. Volcanoes How do volcanoes work? How do volcanoes work? Magma is forced onto Earth s surface.

More information

GEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Five: Volcanoes Background Reading: Volcanoes Volcanic Terms: Silca:

GEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Five: Volcanoes Background Reading: Volcanoes Volcanic Terms: Silca: Name: Date: GEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Five: Volcanoes Background Reading: Volcanoes Volcanic Terms: Silca: SiO 2 silicon dioxide. This is quartz when it crystallizes.

More information

EARTH SCIENCE 11 PLATE TECTONICS - CHAPTERS13 &14 DIAGRAMS & TERMINOLOGY REVIEW. Plate Boundaries. Hot Spots. Type of Plate Boundary CONVERGENT

EARTH SCIENCE 11 PLATE TECTONICS - CHAPTERS13 &14 DIAGRAMS & TERMINOLOGY REVIEW. Plate Boundaries. Hot Spots. Type of Plate Boundary CONVERGENT EARTH SCIENCE 11 PLATE TECTONICS - CHAPTERS13 &14 DIAGRAMS & TERMINOLOGY REVIEW KEY Plate oundaries Point A C D Type of Plate oundary CONVERGENT DIVERGENT SPREADING CENTER SLIDING TRANSCURRENT / FAULT

More information

Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Earthquakes Lesson 2 Volcanoes Chapter Wrap-Up

Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Earthquakes Lesson 2 Volcanoes Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Earthquakes Lesson 2 Volcanoes Chapter Wrap-Up What causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions? What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each

More information

12.2 Plate Tectonics

12.2 Plate Tectonics 12.2 Plate Tectonics LAYERS OF THE EARTH Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid rock

More information

Convergent Plate Boundary Geologic Features

Convergent Plate Boundary Geologic Features Convergent Plate Boundary Geologic Features Ocean Trench Mtn / Volcano New Ocean Crust Old Continenta l Crust Beadle, 2009 Convection cells provide the force to move the continents. The crust is carried

More information

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Earthquakes and Volcanoes Earthquakes and Volcanoes Volcanoes What do you think? Read the three statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement

More information

Name Date Class. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 1. If a volcano collapses, it leaves a huge hole called a(an).

Name Date Class. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 1. If a volcano collapses, it leaves a huge hole called a(an). Volcanic Landforms (pages 217 223) Landforms From Lava and Ash (pages 218 220) Key Concept: Volcanic eruptions create landforms made of lava, ash, and other materials. These landforms include shield volcanoes,

More information

ESC1000 Earth Science Summer 2016

ESC1000 Earth Science Summer 2016 ESC1000 Earth Science Summer 2016 As a scientifically literate citizen, what 3 questions would you ask about this volcano if you moved to the city in the foreground (Tacoma, Washington)? Volcanoes (Chapter

More information

! Profile of Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Mauna Loa is one of five huge shield volcanoes that make up the island of Hawaii.

! Profile of Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Mauna Loa is one of five huge shield volcanoes that make up the island of Hawaii. - Shield Volcanoes - Low, rounded profiles; slope angles 2-10 ; composed of numerous flows of mafic composition and little explosive activity - Largest of all volcanoes! Shield volcanoes consist of numerous

More information

12.2 Volcanoes Looking inside a volcano What is a volcano? volcano magma magma chamber lava

12.2 Volcanoes Looking inside a volcano What is a volcano? volcano magma magma chamber lava 12.2 Volcanoes Early explorers noticed that many volcanoes were located near coastlines, but they didn t know why. One volcano that is near a coastline is Mount St. Helens in Washington state. This famous

More information

ANSWER KEY. Chapter Project. Volcanoes. Worksheet 1. Worksheet 2. Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Guided Reading and Study

ANSWER KEY. Chapter Project. Volcanoes. Worksheet 1. Worksheet 2. Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Guided Reading and Study Chapter Project Worksheet 1 1. Ethiopia, Tanzania, Zaire. 2. Guadeloupe, Iceland, Indonesia, Japan, Martinique, Montserrat, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, St. Vincent, USA (Hawaii). 3. USA

More information

GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12

GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12 UNDERSTANDING EARTH, SIXTH EDITION GROTZINGER JORDAN GEOLOGY MEDIA SUITE Chapter 12 Volcanoes 2010 W.H. Freeman and Company Plate tectonics explains the global pattern of volcanism. Key Figure 12.20 (page

More information

Vulcanicity. Objectives to identify the basic structure of volcanoes and understand how they form.

Vulcanicity. Objectives to identify the basic structure of volcanoes and understand how they form. Vulcanicity Objectives to identify the basic structure of volcanoes and understand how they form. Some key terms to start.. Viscosity how well a substance (lava) flows. Acid lavas have a high viscosity,

More information

Chapter 5 9/10/2011. Introduction. Volcanoes and Volcanism. Volcanism. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction

Chapter 5 9/10/2011. Introduction. Volcanoes and Volcanism. Volcanism. Introduction. Introduction. Introduction Introduction Chapter 5 Volcanism is the eruption of magma, and associated gases at the surface. Some magma erupts explosively as pyroclastic (fire-broken) rock and other erupts as lava flows. Volcanoes

More information

Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers.

Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. 1 2.2 F e a ture s o f P la te T e c to nic s Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid

More information

Section 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms.

Section 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms. Chapter 10 Section 10.1 The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions This section discusses volcanic eruptions, types of volcanoes, and other volcanic landforms. Reading Strategy Previewing Before you read the section,

More information

Chapter 18 - Volcanic Activity. Aka Volcano Under the City

Chapter 18 - Volcanic Activity. Aka Volcano Under the City Chapter 18 - Volcanic Activity Aka Volcano Under the City 18.1 Magma Describe factors that affect the formation of magma. Compare and contrast the different types of magma. Temperature and pressure increase

More information

Constructive & Destructive Forces

Constructive & Destructive Forces Constructive & Destructive Forces Intro: Constructive Forces Processes that create landforms. Destructive Forces Processes that destroy landforms. Intro: Constructive Forces Volcanoes Deposition Landslides

More information

Physical Geology, 15/e

Physical Geology, 15/e Lecture Outlines Physical Geology, 15/e Plummer, Carlson & Hammersley Copyright McGraw-Hill Education, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Volcanism and Extrusive Rocks Physical Geology

More information

Chapter 11 Section 2 VOLCANOES TB 337

Chapter 11 Section 2 VOLCANOES TB 337 Chapter 11 Section 2 VOLCANOES TB 337 http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/volcanoes/ I. How do volcanoes form? Rising Magma leads to eruptions. Magma (solids and gases) are spewed out to form cone-shape

More information

Volcano Unit Pre Assessment. Match the type of volcano to the correct picture by drawing a line to connect the two.

Volcano Unit Pre Assessment. Match the type of volcano to the correct picture by drawing a line to connect the two. Volcano Unit Pre Assessment Name Matching Match the type of volcano to the correct picture by drawing a line to connect the two. Composite Volcano Shield Volcano Cinder Cone Volcano Multiple Choice Select

More information

Chapter 10: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Section 1: The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions I. Factors Affecting Eruptions Group # Main Idea:

Chapter 10: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Section 1: The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions I. Factors Affecting Eruptions Group # Main Idea: Chapter 10: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity Section 1: The Nature of Volcanic Eruptions I. Factors Affecting Eruptions Group # A. Viscosity Group # B. Dissolved Gases Group # II. Volcanic Material

More information

FOUNDATIONS OF GEOLOGY CHAPTER 2

FOUNDATIONS OF GEOLOGY CHAPTER 2 FOUNDATIONS OF GEOLOGY CHAPTER 2 2.3A- VOLCANOES Volcanoes all share common characteristics. Vent- a central channel through which gases, ash and rock are ejected. Magma- molten rock which lies several

More information

Earth s Changing Surface

Earth s Changing Surface Earth s Changing Surface Earthquakes and Volcanoes Key Concepts What causes earthquakes? What causes volcanoes to form? How do earthquakes and volcanoes change Earth s surface? What do you think? Read

More information

Critical Thinking 1. Contrast How could you tell the difference between a mafic rock and a felsic rock by looking at them?

Critical Thinking 1. Contrast How could you tell the difference between a mafic rock and a felsic rock by looking at them? CHAPTER 13 2 SECTION Volcanoes Volcanic Eruptions KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: How does the composition of magma affect volcanic eruptions and lava flow? What are the

More information

NC Earth Science Essential Standards

NC Earth Science Essential Standards NC Earth Science Essential Standards EEn. 2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the Lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1 Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the Lithosphere.

More information

Ch12&13 Test. 3. Where does the first motion of an earthquake occur? a. fault c. epicenter b. focus d. locus

Ch12&13 Test. 3. Where does the first motion of an earthquake occur? a. fault c. epicenter b. focus d. locus Ch12&13 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What is the epicenter of an earthquake? a. the location along a fault where the first motion

More information

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is made of sections called plates that move around called continental drift Plates move because they float on the asthenosphere Most plates consist

More information

1. Volcanoes. A volcano is a landform (usually a mountain) where molten rock erupts through the surface of the planet.

1. Volcanoes. A volcano is a landform (usually a mountain) where molten rock erupts through the surface of the planet. 1. Volcanoes A volcano is a landform (usually a mountain) where molten rock erupts through the surface of the planet. In simple terms a volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock

More information

Layers of The Earth and Plate Tectonics. Learn it, know it, love it.

Layers of The Earth and Plate Tectonics. Learn it, know it, love it. Layers of The Earth and Plate Tectonics Learn it, know it, love it. Inside the Earth The inside of the Earth contains four layers: The crust, mantle, inner core and outer core. These layers occur due to

More information

Earth s Layers p.3 Basic Inner Earth Characteristics

Earth s Layers p.3 Basic Inner Earth Characteristics Earth s Layers p.3 Basic Inner Earth Characteristics Temperature increases with depth Pressure increases with depth Thickest layers to thinnest: mantle, outer core, inner core, crust Earth s Layers p.3

More information

Study Guide: Unit 3. Density and Pressure: You should be able to answer the types of questions given in the end of module questions.

Study Guide: Unit 3. Density and Pressure: You should be able to answer the types of questions given in the end of module questions. IDS 102 Study Guide: Unit 3 The purpose of this study guide is to help you prepare for the third exam by focusing your studying and providing example essay questions. In the Focus On section you will find

More information

Chapter 12 Vocabulary and Study Guide Volcanoes

Chapter 12 Vocabulary and Study Guide Volcanoes Chapter 12 Vocabulary and Study Guide Volcanoes 1) acid rain Moisture with a PH below 5.6 that falls to Earth as rain or snow and can damage forests, harm organisms, and corrode structures. Sulfurous gases

More information

3/24/2016. Geology 12 Mr. M. Gauthier 24 March 2016

3/24/2016. Geology 12 Mr. M. Gauthier 24 March 2016 Geology 12 Mr. M. Gauthier 24 March 2016 Introduction: Mt. St. Helens Before 1980 Mt. St Helens, in Southern Washington State, had not erupted since 1857 On March 27,1980 minor ashand eruptions were due

More information

Tectonic Forces Simulation: Volcanoes Activity One

Tectonic Forces Simulation: Volcanoes Activity One Tectonic Forces Simulation: Volcanoes Activity One Introduction Volcanoes form above vents or cracks in the earth's crust. When a volcano erupts, magma is forced up through the cracks - sending lava, ash,

More information

What is Inside a Volcano?

What is Inside a Volcano? Volcanoes What is Inside a Volcano? A magma chamber filled with molten rock deep underground that feeds the volcano Magma is released through vents during an eruption Types of Volcanic Eruptions Non-Explosive

More information

Earth Systems, Structures and Processes

Earth Systems, Structures and Processes Earth Systems, Structures and Processes Date: 6.E.2 Understand the structure of the earth and how interactions of constructive and destructive forces have resulted in changes in the surface of the Earth

More information

UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards

UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Session 5 Magma and Volcanism Lecturer: Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG Contact Information: pasakyi@ug.edu.gh College

More information

Engineering Geology ECIV 2204

Engineering Geology ECIV 2204 Engineering Geology ECIV 2204 2017-2016 Chapter (4) Volcanoes Chapter 4: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity cataclysmic relating to or denoting a violent natural even Eventually the entire

More information

Volcanology. The study of volcanoes

Volcanology. The study of volcanoes Volcanology The study of volcanoes Magma forms wherever temperature and pressure are high enough to melt rock. Some magma forms at the aesthenosphere Magma also forms at plate boundaries, where intense

More information

4 Deforming the Earth s Crust

4 Deforming the Earth s Crust CHAPTER 7 4 Deforming the Earth s Crust SECTION Plate Tectonics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What happens when rock is placed under stress?

More information

Continental Drift. & Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift. & Plate Tectonics Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener, a German scientist, proposed the hypothesis of CONTINENTAL DRIFT, in 1912. Hypothesis stated: All Earth s continents were once a single landmass (Pangaea)

More information

Plate Tectonics. Theory of Plate Tectonics. What is Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics. Theory of Plate Tectonics. What is Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics What is Plate Tectonics The Earth s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called plates Plates

More information

Dynamic Planet PUT ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. c) low temperature d) high volatile content

Dynamic Planet PUT ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET. c) low temperature d) high volatile content School Name: Team #: Students Names: Dynamic Planet 2016 Science Olympiad Invitational University of Texas at Austin PUT ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET 1) Low viscosity magmas have: a) high silica

More information

Refer to the map on page 173 to answer the following questions.

Refer to the map on page 173 to answer the following questions. Chapter 8-1 Plate Tectonics 1. Brainstorm the type of evidence that would indicate a climate change and how this evidence supports the theory of continental drift. Tropical fossils in cold regions Evidence

More information

The Nature of Igneous Rocks

The Nature of Igneous Rocks The Nature of Igneous Rocks Form from Magma Hot, partially molten mixture of solid liquid and gas Mineral crystals form in the magma making a crystal slush Gases - H 2 O, CO 2, etc. - are dissolved in

More information

A physical feature of the Earth s surface

A physical feature of the Earth s surface Earth s Landforms A physical feature of the Earth s surface A physical feature of the Earth s surface LANDFORM Highest of Earth s physical features Highest of Earth s physical features MOUNTAIN Low area

More information

Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it.

Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it. Ch 9.1 Notes Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it. Pangaea Alfred Wegener proposed that land on Earth formed a single, huge landmass.

More information

4 Deforming the Earth s Crust

4 Deforming the Earth s Crust CHAPTER 7 4 Deforming the Earth s Crust SECTION Plate Tectonics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What happens when rock is placed under stress?

More information

1. minerals - A naturally occurring substance that takes a solid Crystal form and is made of only a single (one) type of compound

1. minerals - A naturally occurring substance that takes a solid Crystal form and is made of only a single (one) type of compound Science Name: Mr. G/Mrs. Kelly KEY Date: Study Guide - Lessons 5 and 6 Test Define the following terms: 1. minerals - A naturally occurring substance that takes a solid Crystal form and is made of only

More information

Plate Tectonics. Chapter 8

Plate Tectonics. Chapter 8 Plate Tectonics Chapter 8 Vocabulary Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Plate Boundary Fault What Are The Earth s Layers Made Of? Atmosphere: Contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon

More information

20.2 Volcanoes. Chapter 20 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES. Where you find volcanoes 508 UNIT 6 EARTH S STRUCTURE

20.2 Volcanoes. Chapter 20 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES. Where you find volcanoes 508 UNIT 6 EARTH S STRUCTURE Chapter 20 EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES 20.2 Volcanoes Have you ever heard of the Ring of Fire? About half of the active volcanoes on Earth are present along the shores of the Pacific Ocean in this region.

More information

Earth Systems, Structures and Processes

Earth Systems, Structures and Processes Earth Systems, Structures and Processes 6.E.2 Understand the structure of the earth and how interactions of constructive and destructive forces have resulted in changes in the surface of the Earth over

More information

Plate Tectonics. Earth's Crust is broken...but the pieces fit together like a puzzle! And they move- constantly!! What theory explains this process?

Plate Tectonics. Earth's Crust is broken...but the pieces fit together like a puzzle! And they move- constantly!! What theory explains this process? Earth's Crust is broken...but the pieces fit together like a puzzle! And they move- constantly!! What theory explains this process? Were there other theories before this one was determined to be the most

More information

Directed Reading. Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

Directed Reading. Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics 1. What can cause some of the most dramatic changes to Earth s surface? a. solar activity b. tides c. geysers d. volcanic eruptions

More information

Volcano Vocabulary ROCK CYCLE. Igneous REMELTED REMELTED BURIED BURIED HEAT ERODED DEPOSITED. Metamorphic Sedimentary ERODED, TRANSPORTED DEPOSITED

Volcano Vocabulary ROCK CYCLE. Igneous REMELTED REMELTED BURIED BURIED HEAT ERODED DEPOSITED. Metamorphic Sedimentary ERODED, TRANSPORTED DEPOSITED Volcano Vocabulary VOLCANISM VENT CRATER CALDERA QUIET ERUPTION EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION PYROCLASTIC DEBRIS CINDER CONE SHIELD VOLCANO COMPOSITE VOLCANO STRATO VOLCANO ACTIVE DORMANT EXTINCT INTRUSION DIKE SILL

More information