Paper Reference. Paper Reference(s) 1312/2F Edexcel GCSE Geography A Foundation Tier. Monday 11 June 2007 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 15 minutes

Transcription

1 Centre No. Paper Reference Surname Initial(s) Candidate No F Signature Paper Reference(s) 1312/2F Edexcel GCSE Geography A Foundation Tier Paper 2F Monday 11 June 2007 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 15 minutes Examiner s use only Team Leader s use only Question Number Blank Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Map and Photograph Booklet Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initials and signature. Check that you have the correct question paper. Answer two questions. You must choose either Question 1 (Managing the Environment) or Question 2 (Managing Hazards) and either Question 3 (Managing Tourism) or Question 4 (Managing Urban Areas) Do not use pencil. Use blue or black ink. For each section, indicate which question you are answering by marking the box ( ). If you change your mind, put a line through the box ( ) and then indicate your new question with a cross ( ). Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. Include diagrams in your answers, where these are helpful. Information for Candidates The marks for individual questions and the parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2). There are 4 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 60. There are 24 pages in this question paper. Any pages are indicated. The following abbreviations are used throughout this paper: LEDC: Less Economically Developed Country MEDC: More Economically Developed Country. Advice to Candidates You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and arguments clearly and logically, including your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling. This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy Edexcel Limited. Printer s Log. No. M25652A W850/S1312/ /5/5/5/2/ *M25652A0124* Total Turn over

2 Answer EITHER Question 1 OR Question 2. Write your answers in the spaces provided. If you answer Question 1 put a cross in this box. 1. (a) Look at Figure 1a. It gives information about the destruction of the Amazon Rainforest, which is a fragile environment. Year Area of Amazon Rainforest cut down (square kilometres) Cattle ranching is a major cause of the destruction of the Amazon Rainforest. Cattle ranchers cut down the rainforest to grow grass for cattle. Many important species of plants have been destroyed. The soil is easily washed away by heavy rain because it is not protected by the trees. Figure 1a (i) How much of the rainforest was cut down in 1980?... square kilometres (ii) State two ways in which destroying the forest has damaged the fragile environment (2) 2 *M25652A0224*

3 (iii) Another way that the rainforest can be damaged is by resource exploitation. Cross out the wrong words in the sentences below. Drilling for oil will / will not affect a fragile environment. A lot of land will be used up to build the oil wells and the pipelines which carry the oil. If the oil spills it could run into rivers and pollute / clean the water. This would cause many fish to die. People who live in the rainforest will have more / less fish to eat. (3) *M25652A0324* 3 Turn over

4 (b) Look at Figure 1b. It gives information about the effects of flooding in India in July India is an LEDC. NEPAL Cutting down trees caused rain water to enter rivers quicker. Dam burst R.Brahmaputra BHUTAN R.Ganges B A BANGLADESH 170 people died INDIA N BAY of BENGAL Key facts about the effects of flooding in areas A and B: people died 1950 km of road destroyed 2000 cattle died 479 schools damaged houses damaged 2 million people homeless hectares of fertile farming land lost Key 1cm 100km Boundaries of countries Sea Areas affected by floods in July 2004 Figure 1b (i) Which was the larger area affected by flooding, A or B? Circle the correct answer. A B 4 *M25652A0424*

5 (ii) How many people died in area A? Circle the correct answer (iii) What factor led to greater flooding in area A? Tick ( ) the correct box. Cutting down trees Dam breaking (iv) Give two effects of the floods in areas A and B. (2) (v) The 2004 floods caused many problems for India. Cross out the wrong words in the sentences below. It will take the country a long / short time to repair the damage caused by the floods. This is because LEDC governments have a lot of / little money. (2) (vi) Many physical factors can cause floods like this to occur. Name and explain two physical factors that cause floods. Factor 1 name... Explanation... Factor 2 name... Explanation... (4) *M25652A0524* 5 Turn over

6 (c) Rivers can be managed to limit the effects of flooding. Choose a river management scheme that you have studied. Chosen river management scheme... Describe the river management techniques that have been used on your chosen river (5) 6 *M25652A0624*

7 (d) Choose a stretch of coastline or coastal area that you have studied where cliff recession is occuring or has occurred. Chosen case study... (i) Describe the effects of this cliff recession. (3) (ii) Explain the management techniques that have been used to control cliff recession in your chosen area. (5) Q1 (Total 30 marks) *M25652A0724* 7 Turn over

8 Answer EITHER Question 1 OR Question 2. Write your answers in the spaces provided. If you answer Question 2 put a cross in this box. 2. (a) Look at Figure 2a. It shows the distribution of plate boundaries, volcanoes and earthquakes in New Zealand. New Zealand Indo-Australian Plate North Island 60mm Pacific Plate N South Island 30mm Scale Kms Key 60mm Figure 2a major volcanoes earthquakes 2005 movement of plates and average annual movement plate boundary A plate boundary B (i) Name the type of plate boundary at A. Circle the correct answer. constructive destructive conservative 8 *M25652A0824*

9 (ii) Are the plates moving more quickly at A or B? (iii) Complete the following paragraph which describes the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes in New Zealand. Choose the correct words from the list below. You may only use each word once. more all most north less south... of the earthquakes are found on the plate boundary. All the volcanoes are found on the... Island. North Island has... volcanoes than earthquakes. (3) (iv) There are no volcanoes on plate boundary B. Why? (v) Buildings can be protected from the effects of earthquakes. Name and describe two ways that buildings are protected. Name 1... Description... Name 2... Description... (4) *M25652A0924* 9 Turn over

10 (b) Look at Figure 2b. It gives information about the effects of the Orissa Cyclone on India. India is an LEDC. N INDIA Coast supports fishermen Jagatsingpur 9000 dead Bay of Bengal Mangrove forests which protected the coast had been cut down Rich, fertile soils, good for farming Key facts about the area affected by the Orissa Cyclone: cattle killed dead 7.5 million homeless 3 million homes damaged schools damaged Fishermen lost 5000 boats Cyclone damage 70 billion rupees Key area affected by Orissa Cyclone Sea Kms Figure 2b 10 *M25652A01024*

11 (i) How many people died in Jagatsingpur?... (ii) Give two effects of the Orissa Cyclone. (2) (iii) State two reasons why people continue to live in the affected area. (2) (iv) The Orissa Cyclone caused many problems for India. Cross out the wrong words in the sentences below. It will take the country a long / short time to repair the damage caused by the flood. This is because LEDC governments have a lot of / little money. (2) *M25652A01124* 11 Turn over

12 (c) Tropical storms have an impact on people and the environment. Choose a tropical storm that you have studied in an MEDC. Chosen tropical storm... Describe the impact (effect) of the storm on the people (5) 12 *M25652A01224*

13 (d) Choose a volcanic eruption that you have studied Chosen volcanic eruption... (i) Describe the aid given to the people affected by the eruption. (3) (ii) Explain the long term recovery of the area affected by the volcanic eruption. (5) (Total 30 marks) Q2 *M25652A01324* 13 Turn over

14 Answer EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4. Write your answers in the spaces provided. If you answer Question 3 put a cross in this box. 3. (a) Look at Photographs A and B. They show tourists who live in the UK on holiday abroad. There are many ways of classifying tourism. (i) Photograph A is an example of passive tourism. What are the tourists doing in the photograph? (ii) Why is this an example of passive tourism? (iii) Classify the holiday shown in Photograph B. Circle the three most suitable words from the list below. passive active international national mountain coastal (3) (iv) Tourism is being made more sustainable. Cross out the wrong word or words in the following sentences. Some parts of mountain areas are being conserved / exploited. This means that people are not allowed to go into these areas. In other areas more / less tourists are being allowed to visit so that not so much damage is caused. Buildings are built using local / imported materials so that they don t spoil the look of the environment. (3) 14 *M25652A01424*

15 (v) The growth of tourism can lead to changes in employment. Complete the sentences. Choose the correct words from the list below. waiters farmers more less The growth in tourism in an area leads to an increase in the number of jobs in the tertiary sector such as... This increase in jobs means there is... unemployment. (2) *M25652A01524* 15 Turn over

16 (b) Look at Figure 3. It is a pictogram which shows the growth of world tourism from 1945 to Key = 50 million 1955 = 25 million 1965 Year Figure 3 (i) How many tourists were there in 1965?... (ii) Which ten year period saw the greatest growth in tourist numbers? Circle the correct answer *M25652A01624*

17 (iii) In some years the number of international tourists drops. Suggest why this might happen. (iv) The following statements are about tourism. Tick ( ) the correct box for each statement. International tourism has grown since Since 1945 people have had longer paid holidays. Jet aircraft have made travel quicker. Holiday companies have made holidays less appealing. True False (4) *M25652A01724* 17 Turn over

18 (c) Choose a mountain area you have studied which has been developed as a tourist area. Chosen mountain area... Describe the physical and human attractions which have led to its development as a tourist area (5) 18 *M25652A01824*

19 (d) Choose a coastal area that you have studied which has been developed as a tourist area. Chosen coastal area... (i) Describe the negative impacts (effects) of tourism on the environment in your chosen area. (3) (ii) What effects has tourism had on different groups of people in this area? (5) Q3 (Total 30 marks) *M25652A01924* 19 Turn over

20 Answer EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4. Write your answers in the spaces provided. If you answer Question 4 put a cross in this box. 4. (a) Look at Photographs C and D. They show two different zones in an urban area in an MEDC. (i) The urban zone shown in Photograph C is the inner city. State three features of the inner city that are shown in Photograph C. (3) (ii) Areas such as the inner city are being improved. The following sentences show how the inner cities are being improved. Cross out the wrong words in the sentences below. Old buildings are being knocked down and new ones built. This means they are being renewed / redeveloped. Trees are being cut down / planted to improve the environment for people who live there. More / Less public transport is being provided to decrease the number of cars on the road. (3) (iii) Another urban zone is shown in Photograph D. What is the name given to this zone? (iv) Look at the list below. Circle the three most likely land uses to be found in this zone. golf course motorway department store farmland theatre cathedral (3) 20 *M25652A02024*

21 (b) Look at Figure 4. It is a pictogram which shows the percentage of the world s population living in urban areas from 1945 to Key = 5% = 2.5% Year Figure 4 (i) What percentage of the world s population was living in urban areas in 1945?... (ii) Which ten year period saw the greatest increase in population living in urban areas? Circle the correct answer *M25652A02124* 21 Turn over

22 (iii) The following statements are reasons for the increase in urban population in LEDCs. Tick ( ) the correct box for each statement. Health care is better in urban areas. People are migrating from the rural areas. Many jobs are being created in rural areas. More babies are being born than people dying. True False (4) (iv) What is the term given for the increasing proportion of people living in urban areas? Circle the correct term. sprawl redevelopment urbanisation 22 *M25652A02224*

23 (c) Choose an urban area that has been polluted. Chosen urban area... Describe the causes of pollution in the urban area (5) *M25652A02324* 23 Turn over

24 (d) Urban areas in LEDCs are undergoing rapid growth. Choose an urban area in an LEDC that you have studied Chosen urban area... (i) Describe the results of this rapid growth. (3) (ii) Explain how growth is being managed in your chosen area. (5) Q4 (Total 30 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS END 24 *M25652A02424*