The 2013 Bohol earthquake in central Philippines: Hazards and source fault characteristics
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1 The 2013 Bohol earthquake in central Philippines: Hazards and source fault characteristics Noelynna T. Ramos1, Kathrine V. Maxwell1, Betchaida D. Payot1, Nichole Anthony D. Pacle1, Carla B. Dimalanta1, Karlo L. Queaño2, Decibel V. Faustino-Eslava3 and Graciano P. Yumul, Jr.2,4 1National Institute of Geological Sciences, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 2Monte Oro Resources and Energy Inc., Makati City, Philippines 3School of Environmental Science and Management, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines 4Apex Mining Company Inc., Ortigas City, Philippines 7th South China Sea Tsunami Workshop 21 November 2014 National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan Outline Background Seismotectonic setting The 2013 Bohol earthquake Regional geology Geological hazards Surface rupture Shoreline deformation Karst collapses Implications for source fault Highlights and future work 1
2 Seismotectonicsetting of the Philippines Data sources: NASA, NGDC, PHIVOLCS, Tsutsumi and Perez (2013) N.Ramos Notable earthquakes in the Philippines *17 Aug 1976 Moro Gulf (M S 8.0) *08 Feb 1990 Bohol (M S 6.6) 16 Jul 1990 Luzon (M S 7.7) *17 May 1992 eastern Mindanao (M S 7.1~7.5) *15 Nov 1994 Mindoro (7.8) 06 Mar 2002 Sultan Kudarat (6.8) 15 Feb 2003 Masbate (6.2) 06 Feb 2012 Negros Oriental (m b 6.9) 15 Oct 2013 Bohol (M W 7.2) *tsunamigenic 2
3 1990 Bohol tsunamigenic earthquake (Ms6.6) Southeastern shorelines experienced a regional retreat (10 to 60 m) of sea water several minutes after the quake Small to moderate tsunami waves (0.2 to 2 m) Besana et al., 2005 The 2013 Mw7.2 Bohol Earthquake 222 dead 8 missing 976 injured 73,000 structures damaged (14,500 totally destroyed) = ~PhP 2.2B (USD 49M) NDRRMC,
4 Ground rupture Fault scarp of the Mw Oct 2013 Bohol Earthquake North Bohol Fault in Inabanga, Bohol, Philippines Ground shaking and damages Loboc Church Maribojoc Church Loon Church Tubigon Church 4
5 Karst collapses Failure of karst cones Sagbayan, Bohol, Philippines Sinkholes Tagbilaran City, Bohol, Philippines Slumps Maribojoc, Bohol, Philippines Exposed cave systems Catigbian, Bohol, Philippines Regional geology of Bohol Island modified from Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (1987) and Faustino et al. (2003) 5
6 Landslide susceptibility map Coastal uplift Maribojoc, Bohol, Philippines ~2 m amsl 6
7 Implications for source fault Implications for source fault 7
8 Highlights The 2013 Bohol earthquake is the most damaging surface rupturing earthquake to occur in recent years (after the 1990 Luzon earthquake) Variable geologic conditions Impacts and hazards varied across Bohol Island Most damages occurred on karst regions (underlain by the Maribojoc and Carmen Formations) Field data, focal mechanism solutions and aftershock distribution SE-dipping reverse fault Future work Assessment of karst regions and groundwater conditions safer locations and more suitable conditions for evacuation sites and temporary settlements 8
9 SCSTW-7 Funding support from the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development 9
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