Moon. Earth. Sun. Sun. Moon Earth. Earth. Earth Sun. Sun. Moon. Moon

Transcription

1 7 th Grade Science

2 1 Different relative positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth have different effects on Earth s oceans. Which model shows the positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth that have the greatest effect on ocean tides? Moon Earth A Sun C Sun Earth Moon Moon Earth Sun D Sun Earth Moon

3 2 A phase of the moon is shown below. Which pair of diagrams shows the moon s phase immediately before and immediately after this phase? H efore After efore After G efore After efore After

4 3 Many Kentucky caves provide a habitat for animals that live in total darkness. The caves are damp and cool, and most of the caves are rich in the mineral calcite. The diagram below shows the relationships of some organisms involved in a cave ecosystem. Inside the Cave Cave spiders Outside the Cave Owls eetles Millipedes Springtails Snakes at droppings ats Moths ased on the diagram, which of the following statements is valid? A Owls are predators of bats, and bats are predators of moths. eetles compete with bats and cave spiders. C Snakes prey on bats and owls. D None of the above

5 4 A student wants to use a spinning basketball to model the day-and-night cycle on Earth. What should the student do in order to best model the cause of the day-and-night cycle? Spin the ball in different directions G Tilt the ball while it is spinning H Paint one half of the ball black and the other half white Shine a bright light on one side of the ball

6 5 A bus travels 20 km in 30 minutes. What is the average speed of the bus? A 20 km/h 30 km/h C 40 km/h D 50 km/h 6 During a demonstration of Newton s laws of motion, a student used the setup shown in igure 1. The student flicked the index card with a fingertip, and the coin fell straight down into a plastic cup as shown in igure 2. igure 1 igure 2 Which of these best explains why the coin fell straight down into the cup instead of remaining on the index card? The coin was at rest until the card was removed, so it tended to remain in the same location. Once the card was gone, the unbalanced force of gravity caused the coin to fall. G Moving the card applied an action force on the coin. Since the card was gone, gravity applied a reaction force on the coin. H The card had less mass than the coin, so a smaller force of gravity acted on the card. The larger force of gravity on the coin made it fall. The acceleration of the coin falling into the cup was equal and opposite to the acceleration of the card.

7 7 or an investigation a student records data about four unknown substances. Data for Unknown Substances Substance Mass (g) Volume (cm 3 ) Density (g/cm 3 ) The student then calculates the densities of the unknown substances and compares them with the table of densities of known substances shown below. Densities of Some Known Substances Substance Density (g/cm 3 ) Calcium 1.54 Carbon 2.27 Magnesium 1.74 Phosphorus 1.82 Platinum Sulfur 2.07 Which unknown substance is most likely carbon? A Substance 1 Substance 2 C Substance 3 D Substance 4

8 NASA/PL 8 The image shows a plate boundary. Arrows have been added to indicate the movement of the plates. What plate boundary feature is also shown? A ridge formed by an inactive convergent boundary G A valley forming at an active divergent boundary H A fault forming at an active transform boundary A volcano formed by an active transform boundary

9 9 On uly 4, 1776, the American colonies declared their independence. The table shows the lunar phases for une Lunar Phases for une 1776 Date une 2 une 9 une 16 une 24 Lunar phase ull moon Last-quarter moon New moon irst-quarter moon Source: NASA What lunar phase occurred on uly 4, 1776? A Waning gibbous Waxing gibbous C Waning crescent D Waxing crescent 10 Which of the following best describes the velocity of an object? 30 m/s G 30 m east H 30 m/s east 30 m/s 2

10 istockphoto.com/ralf Hettler 11 In the summer many people enjoy going to the beach. The photograph shows a beach in Argentina, which is located in the Southern Hemisphere. Which diagram shows the position of Earth when it is summer in Argentina? A Sun C Sun Sun D Sun

11 12 A student jumps off a sled toward the west after it stops at the bottom of an icy hill. North West South ased on the law of action reaction, in what direction will the sled most likely move as the student jumps off? North G South H East West

12 13 Some students are studying the relationships between organisms in a food web. Great-horned owls Red-tailed hawks Red foxes Raccoons Eastern cottontails Striped skunks Meadow voles Garter snakes Caterpillars Clover lackberries How many predators are omnivores in the food chain above? A 1 2 C 3 D 4

13 14 A student used a video camera to record another student dropping a marble through water in a graduated cylinder. The students watched the video in slow motion and made the observations shown below. Marble Drop Experiment Marble Graduated cylinder 1 Speed increases. Water 2 Speed decreases. 3 Speed is constant. During which part or parts of the marble s fall did the marble experience unbalanced forces? Part 1 only G Parts 1 and 2 only H Part 3 only Parts 2 and 3 only

14 Distance (km) Distance (km) Distance (km) Distance (km) 15 A student runs two times around a running path at a local park. Each lap is 3 km. The student completes the first lap in 20 minutes. The student then sits on a bench and rests for 5 minutes before completing the second lap in 25 minutes. Which graph best represents the student s motion? A Time (min) Time (min) C 2 D Time (min) Time (min)

15 16 Three cousins have a similar appearance but different face shapes. Which of these cell components are most involved in determining the basic shape of each girl s face? Genes, chromosomes, and nucleus G Cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and genes H Vacuoles, nucleus, and chromosomes Chromosomes, chloroplasts, and vacuoles 17 A skier is skiing down a steep hill. Which type of energy is the skier using? A C potential energy thermal energy kinetic energy D nuclear energy 18 In which part of the cell does photosynthesis take place? chloroplast G vacuole H cell wall mitochondria

16 19 Which type of plate boundary is the least likely location for volcanoes? A C D where two oceanic plates diverge where a continental plate subducts an ocean plate where two continental plates slide by each other where two oceanic plates push together 20 Which of the following can NOT be separated into a more simple substance? G H compound element mixture solution 21 Carlos is attending a baseball game in a large stadium. He sees the players hit the ball a few moments before he hears the hit. What would account for this slight delay? A Sound travels faster than light. Light travels faster than sound. C Sound had to travel farther. D Light had to travel farther. 22 A scientist notices that a plant is growing toward the light source in the room. The scientist is making a conclusion G an inference H an observation a hypothesis 23 The majority of water on Earth is A C D fresh water in streams, rivers and lakes in our atmosphere as water vapor salty water in the oceans in glaciers as solid ice

17 24 Which organism is a decomposer? pine tree G squirrel H bacteria ant 25 Which cell structure separates cells from the outside world? A C D cytoplasm cell membrane cell wall mitochondria 26 The Law of Superposition states that older rock layers are generally found younger rock layers. G H above below beside mixed in with 27 What is the main reason that the inner core is solid? A It is at such a high temperature. It is composed of iron and nickel. C It is inside the outer core. D It is at such a high pressure. 28 The convection currents in the molten rock below the lithosphere result in the movement of the earth s plates G the rotation of the earth H storms such as hurricanes and tornadoes the creation of minerals

18 29 Which of the following has kinetic energy? A C D a match a waterfall a fallen rock a fully wound spring 30 What can be seen when wavelengths of light are refracted at different angles? an object that appears to be bent, such as a pencil in a glass of water G a rainbow H Shadows that have variable levels of darkness a mirror image