FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth."

Transcription

1 FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2 An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.

2 USE THESE NOTES:

3 OUR HOME PLANET EARTH: What do you know about our planet?

4 SO.HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT S INSIDE THE EARTH? Geologists record seismic waves and study how they travel through the medium of Earth. The speed and the path the waves take reveal how the planet is put together.

5 THE EARTH IS HOT, HOT HOT! The interior of the earth is hot. Convection currents are an unbalanced force in the mantle that cause heat flow and movement of material within the earth This results in plate movement that causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to create mountains and ocean basins. Let s take a closer look at our Earth

6 A JOURNEY TO THE CENTER OF THE EARTH The further in you go temperature and pressure both increase There are four main layers that make up the Earth s interior: Crust Mantle Core split into outer and inner core

7 THE CRUST The layer of rock that forms Earth s outer skin It consists of about 10 miles of rock Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust However, oceanic crust is much denser than continental crust

8 THE MANTLE The mantle extends to a depth of approximately 1,800 miles It is made of a thick solid rocky substance composed of mostly silicates a wide variety of compounds that share a silicon and oxygen structure The uppermost part of the mantle and the crust together form a rigid layer called the lithosphere The asthenosphere is super-heated rock (molten) The remainder of the mantle is solid Upper mantel Lower mantel

9 Lithosphere (hard) Asthenosphere (soft) Mesosphere

10

11 THE CORE Consists of two parts Outer core molten iron and nickel metal Inner core solid dense ball of iron and nickel metal

12 HEAT TRANSFER (THE MOVEMENT OF HEAT) Heat is transferred through: Radiation Conduction Convection Let s go through what each type of heat is first, before we apply it to the Earth.

13 RADIATION Radiation transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves (ex. Sun heating the Earth)

14 CONDUCTION Conduction Conduction transfers heat via direct molecular collision. Occurs via physical contact. When you touch a pan that is on the stove, the fire's heat causes molecules in the pan to vibrate faster, making it hotter. The heat is transferred to your hand when you touch the handle.

15 CONVECTION Convection - The transfer of heat energy by movements of a fluid. (air, liquids and molten material are all considered fluid ) Heat moves (transfers) because the density of the fluid changes. Hot things are lighter. The fluid moves away from the heat source. Then by being away from the heat source, it begins to cool Again, it s density changes, it becomes heavier Heavy things sink, so it sinks back down, and it goes near the heat source again and the cycle repeats. Convection currents continue as long as heat exists!

16 CONVECTION IN THE MANTLE Heat from the Earth s core and from the mantle itself cause the convection currents in the mantle Convection currents are an unbalanced force that causes heat flow and the movement of material within the earth. This moving material results in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions to create mountains and ocean basins.

17 TECTONIC PLATES WHAT ARE THEY? The crust is broken into large pieces, which we call plates

18 PLATE MOVEMENT Plate movement result in stress within the Earth s crust which adds energy to rock until the rock either breaks or changes shape

19 PLATES AND FORCES (AND NEWTON S LAWS) Plates apply equal and opposite forces on each other. (A push or pull, shown by ) The acceleration of the plate depends on forces acting on the plate and the mass of the plate. nvection.htm

20 EFFECTS OF PLATE TECTONICS *There are several geological processes that occur where plates meet (at the plate edges): 1. Volcanoes tend to erupt at plate margins as a result of a process called subduction 2. Earthquakes occur where plates grind against or over one other 3. Mountain building occurs as one plate is pushed over another 4. Seafloor spreading occurs where two oceanic plates pull apart, makes ocean basins

21 THE 3 TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES

22 CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES Convergent, means to come together. Convergent Boundaries are the boundaries between two plates that are converging, or moving towards each other. Earthquakes, island formation, mountain forming, and volcanoes all occur as the result of these plate collisions. The type of stress at this boundary is compression When two plates collide (converge) one plate moves under the other. This process is called subduction. There are three types of convergent boundaries

23 TYPES OF CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES Oceanic/oceanic Subduction occurs (you will add examples in a minute, leave enough space for that) Oceanic/continental Oceanic plate sinks under the less dense plate Continental/continental Equal density plates collide

24 WHAT CAN HAPPEN AT EACH BOUNDARY? Let s look at a few examples:

25 There are 3 types of convergent boundaries: 1. Convergent boundary of two oceanic plates. Forms an island arc and a trench. A trench is like a deep canyon, but in the ocean. Example: Japan

26 The most famous trench in the world: Mariana Trench

27 Convergent Boundary 2: Oceanic plate and a continental plate. Forms a volcanic mountain range and a trench. Example: Andes Mts

28 Convergent Boundary 3: Continental-Continental Convergent Boundary (also called a Collisional Boundary) Forms mountains - The convergent boundary of the Eurasian and Indian Plates has resulted in the formation of the highest mountain range in the world The Himalayas

29 This illustration shows the movement of the land mass known as India today. As it moved on the Indian plate through time, over millions of years, it finally collided with the Eurasian plate forming the Himalayan Mountains

30

31 Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world, at over 29,000 ft. and is part of the Himalayas. This is a result of the Eurasian and Indian Plates colliding and it is still getting higher as these two plates continue to collide.

32 DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES Divergent Boundaries are the boundaries between two plates that are diverging, or moving away from each other. The type of stress is tension Divergent, means to spread apart.

33 When plates are spreading apart from one another there is a lot of geological activity. Earthquakes and volcanoes can occur here. In some places like in East Africa, a rift valley can form that is hundreds of feet deep. Africa s Rift Valley

34 The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is one of the world s largest divergent plates, running North to South in just about the center of the Atlantic Ocean. All along this ridge, volcanic activity takes place and the sea floor is spreading East and West at a rate of 1.25 cm per year. Question: So what is happening on the other side of that same plate?

35 Another Example: Divergent Boundary Between the Eurasian and North American Plate

36 TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARIES Transform Boundaries are the boundaries between two plates that are sliding horizontally past one another. The type of stress is shear-stress Transform, means to slide past one another.

37 PLATES MOVE SIDE BY SIDE Transform boundaries neither create nor consume crust. Rather, two plates move against each other, building up tension, then releasing the tension in a sudden and often violent jerk. This sudden jerk creates an earthquake. Earthquakes in Austin

38 Strike Slip Faults There is a transform-fault boundary where the North American and Pacific plates are moving past each other. This is the: San Andreas fault in California

39 The San Andreas Fault, seen here, is the result of the Pacific Plate sliding past the North American Plate. This is the site of many of the earthquakes that occur in the United States

40 CHANGING EARTH S SURFACE Plate movement can alter Earth systems and produce changes in Earth s surface Deformation of the crust Faults Mountain building Land subsidence (lands sinks) Volcanoes

41 VOLCANOES A volcano is a weak spot in the crust where molten, rockforming magma comes to the surface Volcanic activity builds mountains made of lava rock and other volcanic materials

42 LOCATION OF VOLCANOES There are more than 600 active volcanoes on land and many more beneath the sea Volcanic belts form along the boundaries of Earth s plates. One major volcanic belt is the Ring of Fire

43 RING OF FIRE Ring of Fire very active region of subduction, where is it located? lcano.si.edu/p layers.cfm?pid =2

44 RECENT EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

45 WHAT ARE HOT SPOTS? All seismic activity occurs along plate boundaries (except for hotspots) Magma rises through the mantle forming an active volcano The plate moves over this spot forming a chain of islands with the active volcano being the one over the hot spot Hot Spot Volcanoes

46 EARTH S INTERIOR G.O.

47 WEB-QUEST! Get a computer and begin working on the web-quest. Follow the questions and it will lead you through the online activities. When is this due?? (You will have next class to work on this as well)

48 WEB-QUEST! Get a computer and begin working on the web-quest. Follow the questions and it will lead you through the online activities. When is this due?

FORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.

FORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. FORCES ON EARTH An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. GEOLOGY Geologists scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth Geologists

More information

TODAY S FOCUS LAYERS OF THE EARTH

TODAY S FOCUS LAYERS OF THE EARTH TODAY S FOCUS LAYERS OF THE EARTH 8.6C investigate and describe applications of Newton s law of inertia, law of force and acceleration, and law of action-reaction such as in vehicle restraints, sports

More information

The Four Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and

The Four Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and Earth s Structure The Four Layers The Earth is composed of four different layers. The crust is the layer that you live on, and it is the most widely studied and understood. The mantle is much hotter and

More information

Outcome C&D Study Guide

Outcome C&D Study Guide Name: Class: Outcome C&D Study Guide Identify the layers of Earth s interior Lithosphere the upper most layer of the earth that includes the crust and the hard outer mantle. It is fractured into tectonic

More information

1. List the 3 main layers of Earth from the most dense to the least dense.

1. List the 3 main layers of Earth from the most dense to the least dense. 1. List the 3 main layers of Earth from the most dense to the least dense. 2. List the 6 layers of earth based on their physical properties from the least dense to the most dense. 3. The thinnest layer

More information

Plates Moving Apart Types of Boundaries

Plates Moving Apart Types of Boundaries Plates Moving Apart Types of Boundaries PLATE TECTONICS IS The theory that the Earth s crust is broken into slabs of rock that move around on top of the asthenosphere. How fast are plates moving? The Arctic

More information

In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea.

In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea. Plate Tectonics In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea. Pangaea Landmass movements over millions

More information

1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted?

1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted? Notebook 7a and 7b Objective (left-side): Students will be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to make predictions about plate interactions. Mapping Reflection 1. What is Wegener

More information

In order to study Plate Tectonics, we must first

In order to study Plate Tectonics, we must first TB Chapter 13 In order to study Plate Tectonics, we must first reorganize our layering system for the Earth: Old System 4 layers Crust (rigid) id) (rigid) Mantle (putty like) (semi rigid) Outer core (liquid)

More information

12.2 Plate Tectonics

12.2 Plate Tectonics 12.2 Plate Tectonics LAYERS OF THE EARTH Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid rock

More information

UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS

UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS CONTINENTAL DRIFT Alfred Wegner proposed the theory that the crustal plates are moving over the mantle. He argued that today s continents once formed a single landmass, called Pangaea

More information

Continental Drift. & Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift. & Plate Tectonics Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener, a German scientist, proposed the hypothesis of CONTINENTAL DRIFT, in 1912. Hypothesis stated: All Earth s continents were once a single landmass (Pangaea)

More information

Plate Boundaries. Presented by Kesler Science

Plate Boundaries. Presented by Kesler Science Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: 1. What is plate tectonics? 2. What are the three types of plate boundaries? 3. What crustal features are formed at plate boundaries? Quick Action INB Template

More information

PLATE TECTONICS Chapter 4 Notes

PLATE TECTONICS Chapter 4 Notes PLATE TECTONICS Chapter 4 Notes Review Earth s Interior Ch 1. Geologists have used two main types of evidence to learn about Earth s interior: Direct evidence from rocks drilled from deep inside Earth

More information

The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics

The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Agree or Disagree? 1. The Earth if made up of 4 different layers. 2. The crust (where we live) can be made of either less dense continental crust or the more

More information

Plate Tectonics Notes

Plate Tectonics Notes Plate Tectonics Notes Last 30 Days Earthquakes Physical Features Last 30 Days Earthquakes with Plate Boundaries Earth s Structure Earth s Layers Core: Inner Core: Center of the earth, solid ball of metal

More information

TECTONIC PLATES. reflect

TECTONIC PLATES. reflect reflect Has anyone ever told you to sit still? You may do as you re told, but in truth, you can never really sit still. You have probably already learned that Earth is constantly moving through space,

More information

Layer Composition Thickness State of Matter

Layer Composition Thickness State of Matter Unit 4.2 Test Review Earth and Its Layers 1. Label the layers of the earth. oceanic crust continental crust lithosphere asthenosphere mantle outer core inner core 2. Complete the Following Table about

More information

The Theory of Plate Tectonics

The Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Objectives Describe how plates move. Explain the features of plate tectonics. Describe the types of plate boundaries and the features that can form and events that can occur at each. The

More information

PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!!

PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!! PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!! Name the four layers of the earth - crust - mantle - outer core - inner core Which part of Earth s structure contains tectonic plates? LITHOSPHERE Name one reason why the

More information

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events.

Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics. Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. Chapter 7 Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics accounts for important features of Earth s surface and major geologic events. 7-2 Alfred Wegener s Hypothesis of Continental Drift (1915) He noticed that the continents

More information

Chapter. Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc.

Chapter. Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc. Earth Chapter Plate Science 9 Tectonics Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc. 1 I. Earth s surface is made up of lithospheric plates. A. Lithospheric plates are composed of the crust and part of the upper

More information

Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers.

Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. 1 2.2 F e a ture s o f P la te T e c to nic s Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid

More information

Earth s Interior StudyGuide

Earth s Interior StudyGuide Name Date Period Earth s Interior StudyGuide 1. The two main elements that make up the Earth s crust are and. 2. The Earth s inner core is made of solid and. 3. When one plates slides under another plate

More information

OBJECTIVE: For each boundary type, give an example of where they occur on Earth.

OBJECTIVE: For each boundary type, give an example of where they occur on Earth. OBJECTIVE: Explain the theory of Plate Tectonics. COMPARE AND CONTRAST DIVERGENT, CONVERGENT AND TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES. ***very important. Describe what geologic features form at each of the three CONVERGENT

More information

Yanbu University College. General Studies Department. PHSC001 Course. Chapter9 (Basic Geology: Earthquakes and volcanoes ) Worksheet Solutions

Yanbu University College. General Studies Department. PHSC001 Course. Chapter9 (Basic Geology: Earthquakes and volcanoes ) Worksheet Solutions Yanbu University College General Studies Department PHSC001 Course Chapter9 (Basic Geology: Earthquakes and volcanoes ) Worksheet Solutions Phsc001 worksheet9 solutions, yuc Page 1-6 Chapter 9 worksheet

More information

What Are Tectonic Plates?

What Are Tectonic Plates? Plate Tectonics The theory that the Earth s outermost layer is fragmented into a dozen or more large and small plates that move relative to one another as they ride on top of hotter, more mobile material.

More information

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent. Wegener proposed that the

More information

The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics

The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 4 main layers: Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core The Crust This is where

More information

1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About Tectonic Plates Push Together at Convergent Boundaries

1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About Tectonic Plates Push Together at Convergent Boundaries 1.4 Notes: Plates Converge or Scrape Past Each Other Think About If new crust is created at divergent boundaries, why does the total amount of crust on Earth stay the same? Tectonic Plates Push Together

More information

Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches. Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes

Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches. Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Global Problems in Geology Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches Orogenic Belts Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes Development of Continental

More information

Plates & Boundaries The earth's continents are constantly moving due to the motions of the tectonic plates.

Plates & Boundaries The earth's continents are constantly moving due to the motions of the tectonic plates. Plates & Boundaries The earth's continents are constantly moving due to the motions of the tectonic plates. As you can see, some of the plates contain continents and others are mostly under the ocean.

More information

5. Convergent boundaries produce a relatively low number of earthquakes compared to other boundaries. a. True

5. Convergent boundaries produce a relatively low number of earthquakes compared to other boundaries. a. True 1. Earth s crust is thinner than its mantle. ANSWER: True 2. The concept of isostacy states that high-density rock will stand higher than low-density rock, which explains the formation of subduction zones.

More information

Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics

Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics Earth s Interior Scientists learn about the interior of Earth in 2 ways o Direct Method Rock Samples Drilling Caves o Indirect Method Seismic Waves Speed of waves and paths

More information

Plate Tectonics. By Destiny, Jarrek, Kaidence, and Autumn

Plate Tectonics. By Destiny, Jarrek, Kaidence, and Autumn Plate Tectonics By Destiny, Jarrek, Kaidence, and Autumn .The Denali Fault and San Andreas Fault - The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform fault that extends roughly 1300 km (810 miles) through

More information

10/29/13. Plate Boundaries. 3 types of plate boundaries: Divergent (divide) Convergent (collide) Transform (slide past)

10/29/13. Plate Boundaries. 3 types of plate boundaries: Divergent (divide) Convergent (collide) Transform (slide past) Plate Boundaries 3 types of plate boundaries: Divergent (divide) Convergent (collide) Transform (slide past) 1 Remember the plates are in motion. When plates move, they can either: A) converge (collide)

More information

Assembly Instructions:

Assembly Instructions: Assembly Instructions: Materials: - One 12 x 18 pieces of construction paper - Scissors and Glue 1. Fold Paper in Half 2. Cut in half & fold into fourths 3. Attach or draw a cover page on the front part

More information

Refer to the map on page 173 to answer the following questions.

Refer to the map on page 173 to answer the following questions. Chapter 8-1 Plate Tectonics 1. Brainstorm the type of evidence that would indicate a climate change and how this evidence supports the theory of continental drift. Tropical fossils in cold regions Evidence

More information

Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17

Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17 Plate Tectonics CHAPTER 17 Layers of the Earth A. Crust- solid, 5-70 km thick Moho Two Types of Crust: Oceanic- ocean floor, more dense then because of more iron Continental-dry land (mostly silicates

More information

Ch. 9 Review. Pgs #1-31 Write Questions and Answers

Ch. 9 Review. Pgs #1-31 Write Questions and Answers Ch. 9 Review Pgs. 356-357 #1-31 Write Questions and Answers 356-357 #1-5 Answers 1. The layer of the upper mantle that can flow is the: A - Asthenosphere 2. Most scientists rejected Wegener s theory of

More information

Earth s Changing Surface

Earth s Changing Surface Earth s Changing Surface Tectonics What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the statement or

More information

Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics: From Hypothesis to Theory

Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics: From Hypothesis to Theory Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics: From Hypothesis to Theory 1 Key Understandings Internal structure of the earth/structure of the crust. Difference between continental drift & plate tectonics. Evidence

More information

Notepack # 9 AIM: Why are the continents drifting apart? Do Now: Watch the video clip and write down what you observe.

Notepack # 9 AIM: Why are the continents drifting apart? Do Now: Watch the video clip and write down what you observe. Notepack # 9 AIM: Why are the continents drifting apart? Do Now: Watch the video clip and write down what you observe. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ci 5P5yy0xlg&feature=related What do we know as a class,

More information

Name Date Class. How have geologists learned about Earth s inner structure? What are the characteristics of Earth s crust, mantle, and core?

Name Date Class. How have geologists learned about Earth s inner structure? What are the characteristics of Earth s crust, mantle, and core? Chapter 4 Plate Tectonics Section 1 Summary Earth s Interior How have geologists learned about Earth s inner structure? What are the characteristics of Earth s crust, mantle, and core? Earth s surface

More information

Dynamic Crust Practice

Dynamic Crust Practice 1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides

More information

UNIT 11 PLATE TECTONICS

UNIT 11 PLATE TECTONICS UNIT 11 PLATE TECTONICS A. ALFRED WEGENER 1. Continental drift hypothesis Single supercontinent called Pangaea 200 million years ago Pangaea (all land) began to break up and started drifting to their present

More information

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY

CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY Proof or crazy idea? CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY What is Continental Drift Theory? Continental drift theory (CDT): Alfred Wegener found all the continents were once together called

More information

Unit 11: Plate Tectonics

Unit 11: Plate Tectonics Unit 11: Plate Tectonics A. Alfred Wegner 1. Continental drift hypothesis a. single supercontinent called Pangaea b. 200 million years ago Pangaea (all land) began to break up and started drifting to their

More information

Plate Boundaries & Resulting Landforms

Plate Boundaries & Resulting Landforms Plate Boundaries & Resulting Landforms Divergent Plate Boundaries (plates being pulled apart) Type: oceanic plates Description: rising magma gently lifts the crust creating a ridge. The flow of convection

More information

Directed Reading. Section: How Mountains Form MOUNTAIN RANGES AND SYSTEMS. Skills Worksheet

Directed Reading. Section: How Mountains Form MOUNTAIN RANGES AND SYSTEMS. Skills Worksheet Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: How Mountains Form 1. How high is Mount Everest? a. about 1980 km above sea level b. more than 8 km below sea level c. more than 8 km above sea level d. more

More information

Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth

Plate Tectonics. Structure of the Earth Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth can be considered as being made up of a series of concentric spheres, each made up of materials that differ in terms of composition and mechanical properties.

More information

Plate Tectonics Unit II: Plate Boundaries (3.5 pts)

Plate Tectonics Unit II: Plate Boundaries (3.5 pts) T. James Noyes, El Camino College Plate Tectonics Unit II: The Plate Boundaries (Topic 11A-2) page 1 Name: Section: Plate Tectonics Unit II: Plate Boundaries (3.5 pts) Plate Boundaries We will now discuss

More information

Mohorovicic discontinuity separates the crust and the upper mantle.

Mohorovicic discontinuity separates the crust and the upper mantle. Structure of the Earth Chapter 7 The Earth is divided into 3 Main Layers 1. Crust outermost layer 1% of the Earth s mass thickness varies: 5 100 km two types: oceanic denser continental Mohorovicic discontinuity

More information

Earth Science Lesson 3 Dynamic Earth Processes (Grades 8-12 ) Instruction 3-3 Plate Boundaries

Earth Science Lesson 3 Dynamic Earth Processes (Grades 8-12 ) Instruction 3-3 Plate Boundaries As we told you in a recent Instruction, much of the Earth's lithosphere (its Crust and the top layer of its Outer Mantle) is made up of moving masses of rock called tectonic plates (tectonic means moving).

More information

Plate Tectonics. Chapter 5

Plate Tectonics. Chapter 5 Plate Tectonics Chapter 5 Earth s Interior Scientists learn about the interior of Earth in 2 ways Direct Method Rock Samples Drilling Caves Earth s Interior Indirect Method Seismic Waves Speed of waves

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined

More information

6. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent.

6. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent. 1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section represents the distance and age of ocean-floor bedrock found on both sides

More information

Directed Reading. Section: The Theory of Plate Tectonics. to the development of plate tectonics, developed? HOW CONTINENTS MOVE

Directed Reading. Section: The Theory of Plate Tectonics. to the development of plate tectonics, developed? HOW CONTINENTS MOVE Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Theory of Plate Tectonics 1. The theory that explains why and how continents move is called. 2. By what time period was evidence supporting continental drift,

More information

sonar seismic wave basalt granite

sonar seismic wave basalt granite geologist sonar crust geology seismic wave mantle constructive force basalt inner core destructive force granite outer core The solid, rocky, surface layer of the earth. an instrument that can find objects

More information

Plate Tectonics. Earth has distinctive layers - Like an onion

Plate Tectonics. Earth has distinctive layers - Like an onion Plate Tectonics Earth has distinctive layers - Like an onion Earth s Interior Core: Metallic (Iron, Nickel) Inner (hot, solid, dense, Iron, Nickel) Outer (cooler, liquid, less dense) Crust (outermost layer):

More information

Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it.

Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it. Ch 9.1 Notes Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it. Pangaea Alfred Wegener proposed that land on Earth formed a single, huge landmass.

More information

THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH UNIT 1 THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH 1.1.Earth s interior layers The interior of the Earth can be divided into layers according to: -Composition layers ( organized in order of increasing density

More information

Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p ) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by:

Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p ) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by: Topic 5: The Dynamic Crust (workbook p. 65-85) Evidence that Earth s crust has shifted and changed in both the past and the present is shown by: --sedimentary horizontal rock layers (strata) are found

More information

3. PLATE TECTONICS LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES

3. PLATE TECTONICS LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES LAST NAME (ALL IN CAPS): FIRST NAME: PLATES 3. PLATE TECTONICS The outer layers of the Earth are divided into the lithosphere and asthenosphere. The division is based on differences in mechanical properties

More information

USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES

USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES Observe the world map and each enlargement Pacific Northwest Tibet South America Japan 03.00.a1 South Atlantic Arabian Peninsula Observe features near the Pacific Northwest

More information

Boundaries, Stresses, and Faults OH MY! How do geologic events change and shape Earth s surface?

Boundaries, Stresses, and Faults OH MY! How do geologic events change and shape Earth s surface? Boundaries, Stresses, and Faults OH MY! How do geologic events change and shape Earth s surface? Remember The Lithosphere is made of The CRUST + The Upper Rigid Mantle Plates may be called by different

More information

Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms

Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms Earth Movement and Resultant Landforms Structure of the Earth Lithosphere : earth s crust Asthenosphere : upper mantle zone where material is near its melting point & acts almost like liquid (appprox.

More information

Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Exam Review. Part 1. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle.

Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Exam Review. Part 1. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle. Earth and Space Science 2015 Semester 2 Exam Review Part 1 Convection -A form of heat transfer. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle. - Source of heat is from

More information

4 Layers of the earth 7 main plates of the earth 3 main plate boundaries 2 types of crust 3 main features of plate tectonics 3 main theorists and

4 Layers of the earth 7 main plates of the earth 3 main plate boundaries 2 types of crust 3 main features of plate tectonics 3 main theorists and 4 Layers of the earth 7 main plates of the earth 3 main plate boundaries 2 types of crust 3 main features of plate tectonics 3 main theorists and theories Human interaction The Earth is made up of 3 main

More information

The Theory of Continental Drift. Continental Drift Discovery

The Theory of Continental Drift. Continental Drift Discovery The Theory of Continental Drift Continental Drift Discovery The World ALFRED WEGENER THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT Found evidence for PANGAEA and proposed the theory of continental drift. Continental Drift

More information

The map below shows the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes

The map below shows the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes 45 Understanding Plate Boundaries R EA D I N G The map below shows the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes on the earth s surface. Today, many of the world s most active volcanoes are located around

More information

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Theory of Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics The Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere. The plates

More information

Plate Tectonics. Theory of Plate Tectonics. What is Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics. Theory of Plate Tectonics. What is Plate Tectonics. Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Causes of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics What is Plate Tectonics The Earth s crust and upper mantle are broken into sections called plates Plates

More information

Learning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:!

Learning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:! Learning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:! 1. List the three types of tectonic plate boundaries! 2. Describe the processes occurring

More information

Important information from Chapter 1

Important information from Chapter 1 Important information from Chapter 1 Distinguish between: Natural hazard // Disaster // Catastrophe What role does human population play in these categories? Know how to read a Hazard Map, such as Figure

More information

Mission to Mars! IS EARTH THE ONLY PLANET TO EXPERIENCE PLATE TECTONICS?

Mission to Mars! IS EARTH THE ONLY PLANET TO EXPERIENCE PLATE TECTONICS? Mission to Mars! IS EARTH THE ONLY PLANET TO EXPERIENCE PLATE TECTONICS? PLATE TECTONICS Earth s crust is split up into several tectonic plates which are constantly moving around (about the same speed

More information

Science 10 PROVINCIAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET. Unit 4. Earth Science

Science 10 PROVINCIAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET. Unit 4. Earth Science Science 10 PROVNCAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET Unit 4 Earth Science Student nstructions 1. Ensure that you have blank paper and a Data Booklet. 2. Record all answers on a separate piece of paper. 3. Answer keys

More information

Plate Tectonics Practice Test

Plate Tectonics Practice Test Plate Tectonics Practice Test 1. What is the main idea Alfred Wegner proposed in the Theory of Continental Drift that he published in 1915? a. The continents float on a liquid layer that allows them to

More information

Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway

Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway Beneath our Feet: The 4 Layers of the Earty by Kelly Hashway The Earth is more than a giant ball made up of dirt, rocks, and minerals. The Earth may look like a giant ball from when looking at it from

More information

1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation)

1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation) Science 10 Review Earth Science Vocabulary asthenosphere continental drift theory converging plates diverging plates earthquakes epicentre fault hot spot inner core lithosphere mantle mantle convection

More information

Lab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009

Lab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009 Name: Lab 1: Plate Tectonics April 2, 2009 Objective: Students will be introduced to the theory of plate tectonics and different styles of plate margins and interactions. Introduction The planet can be

More information

THE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres?

THE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres? Hon Environmental Science THE DYNAMIC EARTH NOTES. Scientists divide the Earth into 4 parts or spheres. What are these spheres? 1. geosphere 2. atmosphere 3. hydrosphere 4. biosphere Now, describe each

More information

4 Deforming the Earth s Crust

4 Deforming the Earth s Crust CHAPTER 7 4 Deforming the Earth s Crust SECTION Plate Tectonics BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What happens when rock is placed under stress?

More information

TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID: GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom

TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID: GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID:1542715 GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom Geology part 1 Page 1 of 6 Student: Class: Date: 1. The picture below shows

More information

Earthquakes & Volcanoes

Earthquakes & Volcanoes Earthquakes & Volcanoes Geology - the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change geo = Earth; ology = study of Earth s Layers Plate Tectonics - the

More information

I. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow

I. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow I. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow sea beds, floats! ii. Oceanic: er; dense rock such as

More information

Why Does Oceanic Crust Sink Beneath Continental Crust At Convergent Boundaries

Why Does Oceanic Crust Sink Beneath Continental Crust At Convergent Boundaries Why Does Oceanic Crust Sink Beneath Continental Crust At Convergent Boundaries What is the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean Why does oceanic crust sink beneath continental crust

More information

Unit Topics. Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes

Unit Topics. Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes The Dynamic Earth Unit Topics Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes Topic 1: Earth s Interior Essential Question:

More information

Plate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock

Plate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock Plate Tectonics I. Tectonics A. Tectonic Forces are forces generated from within Earth causing rock to become. B. 1. The study of the origin and arrangement of Earth surface including mountain belts, continents,

More information

ANOTHER MEXICAN EARTHQUAKE! Magnitude 7.1, Tuesday Sept. 19, 2017

ANOTHER MEXICAN EARTHQUAKE! Magnitude 7.1, Tuesday Sept. 19, 2017 ANOTHER MEXICAN EARTHQUAKE! Magnitude 7.1, Tuesday Sept. 19, 2017 Why is there no oceanic crust older than 200 million years? SUBDUCTION If new oceanic crust is being continuously created along the earth

More information

Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle

Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) - boundary between crust and mantle Earth Layers Dynamic Crust Unit Notes Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust Continental Crust Thicker Less Dense Made of Granite Oceanic Crust Thinner More Dense Made of Basalt Moho (Mohorovicic

More information

Exploring Inside the Earth

Exploring Inside the Earth Plate Tectonics Exploring Inside the Earth Geologists have used evidence from rock samples and evidence from seismic waves to learn about Earth s interior. Geologists are scientists who study the forces

More information

Hafeet mountain. Earth structure

Hafeet mountain. Earth structure Hafeet mountain Earth structure What is the earth structure? The earth structure has been classified according to two main criteria's 1- the chemical composition 2- the physical properties Earth structure

More information

Name: Date: Per. Plate Tectonics Study Guide (Ch. 5)

Name: Date: Per. Plate Tectonics Study Guide (Ch. 5) Name: Date: Per. Plate Tectonics Study Guide (Ch. 5) 1. Fill in the Chart about heat Transfer Types Description Examples Where it takes place Radiation Sun s rays reaching earth Heat Transfer between objects

More information

1. occurs when the oceanic crust slides under the continental crust.

1. occurs when the oceanic crust slides under the continental crust. 1. occurs when the oceanic crust slides under the continental crust. 2. What type of stress is shown? 3. Where two plates slide past one another is called a boundary. 4. What type of stress is shown? 5.

More information

8 th Grade Campus Assessment- NSMS Plate Tectonics

8 th Grade Campus Assessment- NSMS Plate Tectonics 1. A group of students were discussing plate tectonics in their science class. All of the following statements about the tectonic plates are incorrect EXCEPT: A. The Eurasian Plate consists of the Asian

More information

Name Date Class. Plate Tectonics

Name Date Class. Plate Tectonics Chapter Review Plate Tectonics Part A. Vocabulary Review Directions: Write the term that matches each description below in the spaces provided. Then unscramble the letters in the boxes to reveal the mystery

More information

SUBSURFACE CHANGES TO EARTH. Ms. Winkle

SUBSURFACE CHANGES TO EARTH. Ms. Winkle SUBSURFACE CHANGES TO EARTH Ms. Winkle OVERVIEW Subsurface events: occurring inside the crust and mantle Moving the lithosphere due to the convection currents in the asthenosphere Main Theories: 1912 Wegener,

More information

Geology Topics. Unit 6 Notes

Geology Topics. Unit 6 Notes Geology Topics Unit 6 Notes Composition of the Earth Earth is layered due to density differences. Crust thin outer layer, solid, made up of continental and oceanic crust Mantle rocky layer below the crust

More information