Tandem-L: A Mission Proposal for Monitoring Dynamic Earth Processes
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1 Tandem-L: A Mission Proposal for Monitoring Dynamic Earth Processes A. Moreira, G. Krieger, M. Younis, I. Hajnsek, K. Papathanassiou, M. Eineder, P. Dekker, F. De Zan German Aerospace Center (DLR)
2 Dynamic Processes on the Earth Surface Deforestation, Degradation, Fires* (REDD) Forest Biomasse Change* Biodiversity Earthquakes Volcanic Activities Land Slides Sea Ice Extent* Permafrost* Glacier & Ice Cap Dynamics* Soil Moisture* Flooding Ocean Currents* *) Essential Climate Variables
3 Carbon Balance and Vegetation The terrestrial carbon is the greatest unknown in the carbon cycle 6.4 ± ± 0.1 =Σ Carbon accumulation in the atmosphere Sink Sources Fossil fuels 1.6 ± 1.1 Land use change Ocean sink 2.2 ± 0.4 Unknown terrestrial sink Numbers in Billions of Tons Carbon / Year (IPCC) 2.6 ± 1.7
4 Forest and Carbon Biomass and the spatial distribution of carbon (50% of the biomass is Carbon) Global biomass distribution and its dynamic are widely unknown! Amazon basin the estimation ranges from 39 to 93 GtC
5 3-D Structure Mode Polarimetric Backscattering Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) 3-D D Forest Structure Forest height and Biomass Tomography
6 Forest Height Estimation (3D Structure Mode) Pol-InSAR Forest Height [m] Forest Height (in Situ) [m]
7 Traunstein Test Site Forest type Temperate Topography Moderate slopes 2003 Oct. Height 25 ~ 35m Species N. Spruce, E. Beech, White Fir Biomass 40 ~ 450 t/ha HV Amplitude Image 0m Pol-InSAR Forest Height Elevation Model
8 Traunstein Test Site 2003 Oct June m
9 Biomass Estimation from Height + Structure Profile Decomposition (Series Expansion) Combination of Multiple Single-Pass Interferograms f(z) pass 1 Example (Testsite Bayerischer Wald) pass 2
10 Structure - Biomass Allometry B = 3.11 H 3 i= 0 j= 1 a P j j a 1 a 2 a 3 Nationalpark Bayrischer Wald Ebersberger Forst Bürgerwald Traunstein Three Legendre polynomials explain the 92% of the total biomass!!! VU 10 > Autor Name
11 Dynamic Processes on the Earth Surface Deforestation, Degradation, Fires* (REDD) Forest Biomasse Change* Biodiversity Earthquakes Volcanic Activities Land Slides Sea Ice Extent* Permafrost* Glacier & Ice Cap Dynamics* Soil Moisture* Flooding Ocean Currents* *) Essential Climate Variables
12 Deformation Mode Earthquakes measurement of deformations of mm cm Volcanoes λ/2 12 cm Subsidence Land & Sea Ice systematic multi-temporal acquisitions (image stacks)
13 Cryosphere: Ice Motion and Topography of Glaciers ICESAT GRACE 15 km trackdistance at equator CryoSAT-2 > 200 km spatial resolution TanDEM-X 15 km x 250 m spatial resolution 1 year for global coverage Tandem-L 3 10 m resolution weekly coverage Tandem-L provides unique & complementary information: 3D Ice flow Ice Structure DEM weekly coverage, high resolution Courtesy: Ian Joughin
14 Hydrosphere: Soil Moisture SMOS SMAP km resolution km resolution Tandem-L 3 10 m resolution weekly coverage Tandem-L provides unique & complementary information: soil moisture water level changes river & ocean currents weekly coverage & high resolution 10 0 [vol.%]
15 Mission Concept
16 Radar System Concepts at start of DLR/JPL collaboration Planar Array with Digital Beamforming Reflector with Analog Beamforming
17 Digital Beamforming with Reflector Antennas digital feed array with T/R modules
18 Digital Beamforming with Reflector Antennas digital feed array with T/R modules
19 Digital Beamforming with Reflector Antennas
20 Tandem-L Science Products Resolution Revisit Biosphere Forest height Above ground biomass Vertical forest structure m 16 days - seasonal Plate tectonics Geo-/ Lithosphere Volcanoes Landslides m weekly Deformation Glacier flow weekly Soil moisture weekly Cryo- & Hydrosphere Water level change Snow water equivalent m on demand seasonal Ice structure Change seasonal Ocean Currents weekly Global Digital Terrain and surface model m yearly
21 Dynamic Earth Monitoring and Climate Change Tandem-L: A proposal for a radar mission for environmental and climate change research
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