An Introduction to PolSAR-Ap: Exploitation of Fully Polarimetric SAR Data for Application Demonstration
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1 An Introduction to PolSAR-Ap: Exploitation of Fully Polarimetric SAR Data for Application Demonstration Irena Hajnsek, Matteo Pardini, Kostas Papathanassiou, Shane Cloude, Juan M. Lopez-Sanchez, David Ballester-Berman, Thomas Jagdhuber, Elise Koeniguer, Nicolas Trouve, Maurizio Migliaccio, Ferdinando Nunziata, Armando Marino, Giuseppe Parrella, Carlos Lopez-Martinez, Eric Pottier, Andrea Minchella, Yves Louis Desnos
2 Project Objectives Evaluate and demonstrate the importance of quad-polarimetric SAR data for a wide range of remote sensing applications Selection of applications with a unique benefit and performance improvement Demonstration on satellite data Software implementation into PolSARPro Open-access book (Springer) Slide 2
3 Thematic Domains Forest Agriculture Cryosphere Land & Sea Ice Hazards Hazards Hazards Application 1 Application 2 Application Application 1 Application 2 Application Application 1 Application 2 Application P O L S A R - P + Contribution from External Experts to each Thematic Domain Application 1 Application 2 Application 3 Application Urban Hazards Application 1 Application 2 Application R O Application 1 Ocean Application 2 including Ships Hazards Application Slide 3
4 Forestry Thematic Domains: Forest Domain Application / Product Test site - Radar data Reference data Above ground biomass from allometric relationships Traunstein (Germany) DLR E-SAR, L Ground inventory Stand height Krycklan (Sweden) TanDEM-X Traunstein (Germany) Mawas (Indonesia) DLR E-SAR, L / P LiDAR measurements Vertical structure Traunstein (Germany) DLR E-SAR, L / P Biomass vertical profiles from ground inventory Slide 4
5 Forest Height Estimation 2003 Oct June Forest Height m Dual-pol (and Compact-pol) inversion: inversion possible, but compromised in dense forest and/or terrain slope conditions leading to, depending on the frequency, biased estimates, and/or increased variance, and/or inversion failure. Single-pol inversion with an acceptable performance is possible only in areas with a available ground elevation model. Slide 5
6 Agriculture Thematic Domains: Agriculture Domain Application / Product Test site - Radar data Reference data Flevoland (The Netherlands), Indian Head (Canada) Soil moisture RadarSAT-2, C Ground measurements Demmin, Weisseritz (Germany) DLR E-SAR, L Phenology determination Indian Head (Canada) RadarSAT-2, C Ground surveys Ground measurements Wetland delineation Pleine Fougeres (France) ALOS-PRISM / AVNIR- RadarSAT-2, C 2 images, meteorological info Slide 6
7 Phenology Determination 4 stage phenology can be distinguished using PolSAR Example: Barley (Indian Head Test Site, RadarSAT-2) α 1 : dominant alpha t 22 : HV backscatter Time series analysis of phenological stages of Full-pol Full-pol: best performance, less ambiguities Slightly worse perfomance in compact-pol Slide 7
8 Cryosphere Thematic Domains: Cryosphere Domain Application / Product Test site - Radar data Reference data Sodankylae (Finland) Snow water equivalent TerraSAR-X Churchill (Canada) Ground measurements RadarSAT-2, C Land ice extinction Svalbard (Norway) DLR E-SAR, L / P GPR measurements Sea ice surface char. Svalbard (Norway) DLR E-SAR - Slide 8
9 Ice Extinction Estimation Ice extinction can be derived from Pol- InSAR techniques provided an adequate scattering model ICESAR 2007 campaign Only full-pol data can guarantee an observation space adequate for the model inversion and the full charcaterization of the ice volume Slide 9
10 Urban Thematic Domains: Urban Domain Application / Product Test site - Radar data Reference data Toulouse (France) Cadastral registers TerraSAR-X (Building footprints) Mapping / Classification Info from city hall San Francisco (France) websites and planning TerraSAR-X departments 3D representation of 3-D Rendering Toulouse (France) the city (PolInSAR) RAMSES-SETHI, X (Building elevations) Slide 10
11 3-D Urban Rendering High resolution imaging is needed to obtain significant information about 3D rendering Example: 3D rendering using polarimetric X-band (RAMSES-SETHI) Ground truth delivered on a small area 3-D reconstruction over Toulouse after building segmentation (colors code height) Polarimetry improves the precision obtained on the height estimates of a factor of two. RMSE reduces, too. Full polarimetry improves the RMSE versus dual polarimetry. Among all single polarizations, HV gives the best results. Slide 11
12 Ocean Thematic Domains: Ocean Domain Application / Product Test site - Radar data Reference data Oil at sea observation Gulf of Mexico RadarSAT-2, C UAVSAR, L Information about oil seeps and Deep Water Horizon oil slick Metallic targets at sea observation Gulf of Mexico RadarSAT-2, C Google Earth maps Slide 12
13 Ship Detection Ship detection with a polarimeteric detector (GP-PNF:Geometrical Perturbation Polarimetric Notch Filter) Example: Tokyo Bay (ALOS) Present in the ground data but not in the Pauli RGB present in the ground data and Pauli RGB Single / dual-pol detectors can reach the same correct detection probability of the quad-pol detectors at the expenses of the false alarm rate. Slide 13
14 Software Implementation in PolSARpro Domain Selected application Methodology Forest Stand height Pol-InSAR dual-baseline inversion Agriculture and Wetlands Cryosphere Urban Ocean Soil moisture estimation under vegetation cover Land ice extinction Detection of built-up areas Ship detection PolSAR model-based decomposition and inversion PolInSAR single-baseline inversion Threshold on PolInSAR optimized coherences Geometrical perturbation notch filter Slide 14
15 Open-access book All showcases have been compiled in the book Principles and Applications of SAR Polarimetry Editors: Y. L. Desnos and I. Hajnsek Open-access publication (Springer) One chapter for each application domain + theoretical review of PolSAR principles (C. Lopez Martinez, E. Pottier) Additional material (software, Do It Yourself, etc.) will be available on a dedicated web page Slide 15
16 An Introduction to PolSAR-Ap: Exploitation of Fully Polarimetric SAR Data for Application Demonstration Irena Hajnsek, Matteo Pardini, Kostas Papathanassiou, Shane Cloude, Juan M. Lopez-Sanchez, David Ballester-Berman, Thomas Jagdhuber, Elise Koeniguer, Nicolas Trouve, Maurizio Migliaccio, Ferdinando Nunziata, Armando Marino, Giuseppe Parrella, Carlos Lopez-Martinez, Eric Pottier, Andrea Minchella, Yves Louis Desnos
17 Appendix Slide 17
18 Forest External Experts: Forest Application Institution Contact person Fire scar slassification Canadian Forest Service D. Goodenough AG biomass estimation from empirical rel. Forest classification FOI / Chalmers Univ. SARVision University of Rennes L. Ulander D. Hoekman L. Ferro-Famil Polarimetric tomography PoliMi S. Tebaldini Forest structure parameters estimation JPL M. Neumann Slide 18
19 Agriculture External experts: Agriculture Application Institution Contact person Crop type mapping Wetlands delineation and characterisation Flood delineation and evolution Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Technical University of Denmark CCRS-NRC University of Miami Niigata University, JAXA H. McNairn H. Skriver R. Touzi S. Wdowinski Y. Yamaguchi Slide 19
20 Cryosphere External experts: Cryosphere Application Institution Contact person Sea ice characterisation University of Tromso Chalmers University T. Eltoft L. Eriksson Sea ice classification Southwest Research Inst. M. Necsoiu Permafrost Tohoku University M. Watanabe Slide 20
21 Urban External experts: Urban Application Institution Contact person Classification Niigata University Y. Yamaguchi 3-D Rendering (Tomography) Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (deformations) University of Rennes-1 UPC Barcelona University of Alicante L. Ferro-Famil C. Lopez-Martinez J. M. Lopez-Sanchez Slide 21
22 Ocean External experts: Ocean Application Institution Contact person Oil slick observation University of Tromso C. Brekke Target detection ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering A.Marino Data courtesy of K. Ouchi (JAXA) Slide 22
23 Software implementation in PolSARpro Domain Selected application Methodology Contributors Forest Stand height Pol-InSAR dual-baseline inversion F. Kugler, K. Papathanassiou Agriculture and Wetlands Soil moisture estimation under vegetation cover PolSAR model-based decomposition and inversion T. Jagdhuber, I. Hajnsek, K. Papathanassiou Cryosphere Land ice extinction PolInSAR single-baseline inversion G. Parrella, I. Hajnsek Urban Detection of built-up areas Threshold on PolInSAR optimized coherences E Koniguer, N. Trouve Ocean Ship detection Geometrical perturbation notch filter A. Marino Slide 23
24 What are the applications with a high maturity based on PolSAR? Domain Application / Product Application Maturity (Polarimetry) Above Ground Biomass Medium Stand Height High Forestry Vertical Structure Medium Thematic Maps High Change Detection High Crop Type Mapping Medium Soil Moisture High Agriculture Phenology Determination Medium Wetland Delineation Medium Flooding Mapping Medium Snow Volume Medium Cryosphere Land Ice Extinction Low Sea Ice Surface Char. Low Mapping / Classification Medium Urban 3D Rendering Medium Subsidence Medium Ocean Oil Slick Detection Metallic Targets Medium Medium Slide 24
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