Sequence stratigraphy and basin analysis of the Meso- to Cenozoic Tarfaya- Laayoune Basins, on- and offshore Morocco

Transcription

1 Sequence stratigraphy and basin analysis of the Meso- to Cenozoic Tarfaya- Laayoune Basins, on- and offshore Morocco INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Doktorwtirde der Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematischen Gesamtfakultat der Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidelberg vorgelegt von Dipl. Geol. Axel Adrian Oliver Wenke aus der Heidelberger Altstadt

2 XII Inhalt Acknowledgements vii Abstract viii xii List of Abbreviations xvii 1. Introduction Scientific framework Project description and scope of work 2 2. State of the art Concepts in exploration The acquisition and interpretation of geol., geoph. & geochem. data LI. Field work Remote sensing Borehole evaluation Reflection seismic Seismic survey designing Acquisition of seismic data Seismic Processing Archiving of acquired data Petroleum geochemistry Geological Concepts Sequence stratigraphy Subsidence analysis (backstripping) Geological Setting Passive continental margins Exploration & Research history of the Tarfaya-Laayoune Basins Tectonostratigraphic units of the Tarfaya-Laayoune Basins Structural elements Basin development stages and fill Hydrocarbon play scenarios Materials & Methods Data base Outcrop studies Well data D-seismic dataset Literature data (EM & gravity) Methods & workflow Field work Well evaluation Seismic interpretation Basin wide mapping rd order sequence stratigraphy Facies maps High-resolution sequence stratigraphy Well correlation 29

3 xiii Seismic (sequence) stratigraphy Time/depth Conversion Flexural Reverse Modeling Approach Input data to flexural modelling Software used Results Outcrop studies Rheological Basement The Proterozoic basement Paleozoic Relevance Basin Fill Early Cretaceous Tan Tan Delta Late Cretaceous to Early Oligoceneflooded shelf Stratigraphic well overview Well data screening on source rock indications and migrated HC Paleozoic Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Early Cretaceous Late Cretaceous Cenozoic Summary and uncertainties on source rock assignment Seismic interpretation Regional mapping , 3 rd order sequence stratigraphic interpretation Fades distribution Late Permian to Early Jurassic rift sedimentation Pliensbachian to Toarcian ramps Aalenian to Callovian ramps Oxfordian to Tithonian carbonate platforms Berriasian to Aptian southern Moroccan delta complexes Albian to Campanian Campanian to Late Oligocene Neogene High-resolution sequence stratigraphy ID sequence stratigraphy Tan Tan Transect Cap Juby transect Laayoune transect D-sequence stratigraphy Post-processing, scaling and filtering rd order sequence stratigraphy High-resolution sequence stratigraphy 89

4 XIV Base-level curve Chronostratigraphic diagrams (Wheeler diagrams) Time/depth conversion D-flexural reverse modeling Basin architecture and depositional geometries through time Rift and sag stage Early Drift Stage Mature drift stage Mature Drift stage with initial Atlasian/Alpine compression Mature Drift stage with Atlasian Compression and initial uplift Mature Drift Stage with peak Atlasian uplift and erosion Subsidence history ofpotential and proven source rock formations Subsidence and sediment flux Rift stage (ST1) Sag and early drift stage (ST2-ST4) Mature Drift stage (ST5-early ST6) Mature Drift stage with initial alpine convergence (late ST6 to ST8) Mature Drift Stage with Atlasian Compression and Initial Uplift (ST9) Mature Drift Stage with Peak Atlasian Uplift and Erosion (ST10) Summarized basin evolution chart Errors and uncertainties Field work Well data Seismic data Flexural reverse modeling Synthesis & Conclusions Basin development Second order (tectonic) sequences Rift and sag stage Early drift stage Mature drift stage Mature drift stage with initial Atlasian conversion Mature drift stage with initial Atlasian compression and uplift Mature drift stage with peak Atlasian uplift and erosion Third order trends Basin fill and subsidence development during long-term transgression Rift & sag Early drift Mature drift to maximum flooding Basin fill and subsidence development during superordinated regression Mature drift concurrent to Alpine collision Resulting hc-play scenarios Conclusions 123 References 125 Appendix 137 Appendix I 139 Appendix II 143

5 xv Appendix III 147 Appendix IV 151 Appendix V 155 Appendix VI 159 Eidesstattliche Versicherunggemass 8 der Promotionsordnungder Nat-math. Fakultat UniHD 172