Jordan. Target Exploration. Target Exploration

Transcription

1 Page1 barr Target Exploration Target Exploration barr Target Exploration Target Exploration Petroleum Potential of Wadi Sirhan Basin Jordan Petroleum Potential of Wadi Sirhan Basin, Jordan Sequence Stratigraphy, Basin Modelling, Seismic Interpretation of Proven/Potential Reservoirs and ML STOIIP Estimates of 5 Seismic Structural Prospects 1 16 P a g e

2 Page2 The Report This is a 250 page detailed prospects generation report (including10 tables and 220 illustrations) on the 11,600 Km 2 Wadi Sirhan exploration block of Jordan. The drilled stratigraphic sequence was basin modelled, leading to an assessment of its exploration potential, delineating 5 four-way closed seismic structural prospects, with ML STOIIP estimate for each. Study, Analyses and Interpretations So far, four exploration wells and six development wells have been drilled in Wadi Al Sirhan, in this study a central key well WS-3 (Wadi Sirhan-3) was studied in detailed, the resulted model was correlated with three exploration wells (WS-2, WS-4, and WS-10) and development wells within the block (of Wadi Sirhan Oil Field). This basin modelling study was carried on a studied and processed Jordanian s NRA data, and concluded with identification and ranking of 5 remaining seismic structural prospects within the block: 1. Sedimentological study and identification of depositional environment and digenetic histories of formations exposed at ground level and penetrated by well WS Detailed petrographic examination and XRD identification of rock facies (and their source, reservoir and cap rock potential). 3. Identification potential source rocks of the discovered Wadi Sirhan Oilfield as well as the several oil seeps located through this study in study area by assessing total organic carbon analysis, optical maturation and geochemical analyses on candidate source rocks intervals within well WS-3 and the other WS wells. 4. Sequence stratigraphy technique was used to identify possible source, reservoir and cap rocks in penetrated stratigraphic units in WS-3 and correlated across the other wells in the study area. 5. Seismic interpretation of seventeen seismic sections and mapping of potential reservoirs over the central and eastern parts of the study area. 6. Petrophysical analysis and documentation of porosities, permeability, water saturation, and hydrocarbon saturation of potential hydrocarbon reservoirs of all the WS wells within the study area P a g e

3 Page3 7. Modelled times and locations of generation, and migration pathways of hydrocarbons up to several surface oil seeps in order to assess the hydrocarbon potentiality in the remaining seismic closures in the study area. 8. Illustrated descriptions, with seismic closures and STOIIP estimates of the remaining prospects/leads in the block. Table of Contents Subject Table of contents List of tables List of Figures Executive Summary Page No. II VII IX XIII Chapter one: Introduction Location Petroleum exploration; an overview Hydrocarbon indications in Jordan Oil seepages Asphalt Source Rock Previous work Aims of study 15 Chapter two: Regional geology and tectonic setting Regional geology Precambrian P a g e

4 Page Palaeozoic Mesozoic and Cenozoic Tectonic setting Geological setting of Sirhan Area 29 Chapter three: Methodology Petrography X-ray diffraction Petrophysics Total organic carbon 41 Chapter four: Petrography, digenesis, and reservoir properties Precambrian rocks Precambrian volcanics Umm Ghaddah Formation Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Porosity Provenance and tectonic setting Paleozoic rocks Cambrian Salib Formation Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Porosity Provenance and tectonic setting P a g e

5 Page Burj Formation Tayan Member Numayri Member Hanneh Member Source rock potentiality Proposed migration model Provenance and tectonic setting Quweira and Umm Ishrin Formations Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Porosity Proposed migration model Provenance and tectonic setting Disi Formation Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Porosity Provenance and tectonic setting Umm Sahm Formation Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Porosity Provenance and tectonic setting Hiswa Formation P a g e

6 Page Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Depositional environment and source potentiality Umm Tarifa Formation Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Porosity and source evaluation Proposed migration model Provenance and tectonic setting Batra Formation Depositional environment and source evaluation Alna Formation Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Porosity Proposed migration model Provenance and tectonic setting Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks Kurnub sandstone Mineral composition Diagenesis Clay mineralogy Provenance and tectonic setting Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene P a g e

7 Page7 Chapter five: Sequence stratigraphy Stratigraphic sequences Sequence Lowstand systems tract Transgressive systems tract Highstand systems tract Sequence Transgressive systems tract Highstand systems tract Sequence Lowstand systems tract Transgressive and highstand systems tract Sequence Lowstand systems tract Transgressive and highstand systems tract Sequence Lowstand systems tract Transgressive and highstand systems tract Sequence Transgressive and highstand systems tract Sequence Transgressive systems tract Highstand systems tract Sequence Transgressive systems tract Highstand systems tract P a g e

8 Page Sequence Lowstand systems tract Transgressive systems tract Highstand systems tract Sequence Transgressive systems tract Highstand systems tract Eustasy versus tectonics 123 Chapter six: SEISMIC INTERPRETATION Seismic data Seismic work description Tying logs to seismic lines Tracing reflectors and generating maps Target reflectors Seismic data interpretation Precambrian rocks Salib Formation Hiswa Formation Umm Tarifa Formation Batra Formation Alna Formation Time and depth maps TWT structure map for the top of Salib Formation D depth map for the top of Salib Formation TWT structure map for the top of Hiswa Formation D depth map for the top of Hiswa Formation P a g e

9 Page TWT map for the top of Umm Tarifa Formation D depth map for the top of Umm Tarifa Formation TWT structure map for the top of Alna Formation D depth map for the top of Alna Formation Al-Sirhan Basin evolution Cratonization of the Arabian Shield Najd Fault cycle Nubian cycle I Nubian cycle II and Hoggar cycle Nubian cycle III Hercynian cycle Jurhom and Neotethys cycles Arabian Plate cycle 157 Chapter seven: HYDROCARBON PROSPECTIVITY The Cambrian play system Source rock Source rock maturity Reservoir rock Seal rock Trap styles Traps related to tensional faults Traps related to compactional anticlines Closures Closure Closure Closure P a g e

10 Page Closure Closure Closure Closures 7, 8, and Closures shown only on seismic sections Other fault accompanied closures Reserve calculations The Ordovician-Silurian play system Source rock Source rock maturity Reservoir rock Seal rock Trap styles Closures Closure Closure Closure Closure Closure Closure only within seismic sections Reserves calculations The Silurian play system Source rock Source rock maturity Reservoir rock Seal rock Trap styles P a g e

11 Page Closures. 195 Chapter eight: Geohistory analysis Sediment accumulation rates Eroded thickness at the Late Palaeozoic unconformity Subsidence history Step one: Sediment accumulation Step two: Decompaction Step three: Paleobathymetry Calculating tectonic subsidence Interpretation Time span 550 to 508 My Time span 508 to 494 My Time span 494 to 483 My Time span 483 to 420 My Time span 420 to 125 My Geohistory analysis using software FLEXDECOMP 216 Discussion 222 Conclusions 225 Recommendations 229 Plates 230 References 243 Arabic abstract P a g e

12 Page12 Tables Table No. Table title Page No. 1.1 Wadi Sirhan Wells Data (modified after Andrews et al., 1991 and NRA, 2004) Lithostratigraphy of the Paleozoic rocks in Jordan (Abed 2000) Distribution of core and cutting samples with depth in well WS Rock matrix values for the major types of rocks that are used in the petrophysical calculations TOC values for samples from the Burj Formation in well WS TOC values for samples from the Hiswa Formation in well WS Crystallinity index (CI), sharpness ratio (SR), and equivalent vitrinite reflectance for samples from Burj 162 Formation. 7.2 Closures of the Cambrian play system and its oil reserves Crystallinity index (CI), sharpness ration (SR), and equivalent vitrinite reflectance values for samples from 185 Batra and Hiswa Formations. 7.4 Closures of the Ordovician-Silurian play system and its oil reserves Thickness and sediment-accumulation rates for all the formations in wells WS-2, WS-3, WS-4, and WS Age of the beginning of erosion and eroded thicknesses at the Hercynian Orogeny in all studied wells (after 201 Guidish et al., 1985). 8.3 Idealized initial porosity and lithology constant for different lithologies P a g e

13 Page13 Illustrations No. Title Page No. 1.1 Location map illustrating position of Al-Sirhan Area in Jordan Map of Jordan showing the nine petroleum blocks Arial photo illustrating the Azraq - Sirhan Area in Jordan Well locations in the Sirhan Area The Najd Rift System Before 570 Ma prior to the initiation of the Najd Strike Slip System (modified after 17 Knort, 2001). 2.2 Pre-Hercynian distribution of the Paleozoic rocks in the surface And subsurface of Jordan (Modified after Lutfi Abu Saad 2005) Location of Jordan relative to the Arabian Plate and Arabian Nubian Shield (modified after Coleman 1973) Columnar section of Basement, Salib, and Burj Formations in well WS-3 (modified after Paleoservices ). 2.5 Columnar section of Um Ishrin, Disi, Um Sahm, and Hiswa Formations in well WS-3 (modified after 32 Paleoservices 1987). 2.6 Columnar section of Dubaydib, Mudawwara, and Khushsha Formations in well WS-3 (modified after 34 Paleoservices 1987). 2.7 Columnar section of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Formations in well WS-3 (modified after Paleoservices ). 4.1 Triangle plots used in classifying Al-Sirhan sandstones Lava flows extending for a wide area in Al-Sirhan basin, line S Columnar section of Basement, Umm Ghaddah, and Salib Formations in well WS P a g e

14 Page Representative XRD traces of the clay fraction from Umm Ghaddah Formation (depth 4215 m) in well WS Columnar section of Burj Formation in Al-Sirhan Area, well WS Columnar section of Quweira, Umm Ishrin, and Disi Formations in Al-Sirhan Area, well WS Columnar section of Umm Sahm, Hiswa, and Dubaydib Formations in Al-Sirhan Area, well WS Distribution of the thickness of several formations within Al-Sirhan Basin Variation of porosity of Umm Tarifa Formation and TOC content of the lower hot shale of Batra Formation 87 in Al-Sirhan Basin Columnar section of Batra and Alna Formations in well WS Columnar section of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic formations in well WS Detailed key surfaces, systems tracts, sequences, and parasequences of Umm Ghaddah, Salib, and Burj 102 Formations in Al-Sirhan Area, well WS Sequence stratigraphic correlation of the Palaeozoic sequence in Al-Sirhan Area Detailed key surfaces, systems tracts, sequences, and parasequences of Quweira, Umm Ishrin, Disi, Umm 109 Sahm, and Hiswa Formations in Al-Sirhan Area, well WS Sequence stratigraphic correlation of the Palaeozoic sequence in Al-Sirhan Area Detailed key surfaces, systems tracts, sequences, and parasequences of Umm Tarifa, Batra, and Alna 116 Formations in Al-Sirhan Area, well WS Base map showing different seismic lines used in the study area Seismic line S-44 showing different interpreted reflectors, small horst structure closures, and different types 130 of faults. 6.3 Seismic line S-45 showing different interpreted reflectors, with several closures including horst structures, 131 broad compactional anticlines, and different types of faults. 6.4 Time structure map for the top of Salib Formation Seismic line S-61 showing different interpreted reflectors, general dipping trend of the strata towards P a g e

15 Page15 northeast, down faulted blocks of the Precambrian rocks overlain by increased thicknesses of Salib Formation, and small horst structure closures D depth maps for the top of Salib and Hiswa Formations showing main closures within Salib Formation Time structure map for the top of Hiswa Formation Time structure map for the top of Umm Tarifa Formation D depth maps for the top of Umm Tarifa and Alna Formations showing the proposed closures Time structure map for the top of Alna Formation Evolution of Al-Sirhan basin during the different depositional cycles. 151, X-ray diffractograms showing different crystallinity indices measured for Burj, Hiswa, and Batra 161 Formations. 7.2 Flow chart for the calculation of water saturation of the formation (Sw) and permeability (K) Theoretical configuration of traps related to tensional faults within Sirhan Basin Theoretical configuration of traps related to tensional faults (horst structures) within Sirhan Basin Seismic line S-39 showing closure-1 and closur-10d within the top of Salib Formation and closure-1 and 172 closure-6f within the top of Umm Tarifa Formation. 7.6 Seismic line S-62 showing closure-1 and closure-2 within the top of Salib and Umm Tarifa Formations Seismic line S-100 showing closur-5 within the top of Salib Formation and closure 6d within Umm Tarifa 176 Formation. 7.8 Seismic line S-4 showing different interpreted reflectors and closure-5 in Salib Formation and 3 in Umm 177 Tarifa Formation. 7.9 Flow chart for calculating oil reserves from wire line logs (after Asquith and Gibson, 1982) Subsidence history curves for Wells WS-3 and WS Subsidence history curves for Wells WS-2 and WS Present thickness, initial thickness, and restored thickness for the stratigraphic units of wells WS-2 and WS P a g e

16 Page Present thickness, initial thickness, and restored thickness for the stratigraphic units of wells WS-4 and WS Modeling the lithological evolution of Al-Sirhan Basin during the different time stages using software FLEXDECOMP. 8.6 Present thickness, initial thickness, and restored thickness for the stratigraphic units of wells WS-3 and WS- 10 using software FLEXDECOMP barr This report is immediately available from Target Exploration Click to order your copy For further information, contact: M. Casey Target Exploration Consultants 65 Kenton Court, London W14 8NW, UK. Target Exploration Revised 15/10/ P a g e