Co-PIs: Collin Eagles-Smith 1, David Evers 2, Mark Marvin-DiPasquale 1, Jim Wiener 3. US Geological Survey 2. Biodiversity Research Institute 3

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1 Western North America Mercury Synthesis (WNAMS) A Multi-disciplinary, tri-national assessment of the climate, landscape, and land use controls on mercury risk to ecological and human health across western North America Co-PIs: Collin Eagles-Smith 1, David Evers 2, Mark Marvin-DiPasquale 1, Jim Wiener 3 1 US Geological Survey 2 Biodiversity Research Institute 3 University of Wisconsin, La Crosse 4 Harvard University

2 Globally distributed pollutant with both natural and anthropogenic sources

3 Global Continental UNEP Global Binding Mercury Treaty United States - MercNet Regional North America - CEC Northeast Great Lakes Western Southeast

4 Global Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions

5 Percent of Anthropogenic Hg Deposition From Asia Asian emissions are so large that they account for >50% of new anthropogenic inputs to all open oceans N American emissions influence N Atlantic, European emissions influence Arctic Corbitt et al., 2011

6 Standardized and comprehensive Hg monitoring is needed National Mercury Monitoring Network (Mercnet) 2013

7 Primary Purpose A one-stop spot for access to a comprehensive Hg dataset Identification of geographic and temporal patterns Geographic scope United States Timeframe All years of available data Data sources Federal and state agencies Peer-reviewed literature >500,000 Hg data points MercNet: The database Data types Air, water, sediment/soils, vegetation, invertebrates, fish, birds, and mammals

8 Conceptual National Mercury Monitoring Network Design -- preliminary intensive sites discussed Ohio River Valley Steubenville, OH Frostburg, MD Canaan Valley Institute, WV Athens, OH Upper Midwest Voyageurs National Park, MN Experimental Lakes Area, Canada Dexter, MI Marcell Experimental Forest, MN Northern Highland Forest, WI West Rocky Mountain National Park, CO Toolik, AK Glacier Bay, AK Stillwell, OK Sierra Nevada, CA/NV Mt. Ranier, WA Four Corners-Mesa Verde, CO Mt. Bachelor, OR as a global background site Southeast Everglades National Park, FL Coastal South Carolina [Ace Basin] Northern Gulf Coast Grand Bay NERR, MS Pensacola, FL Atlanta/Yorkville, GA Mid Atlantic Chesapeake Bay [Beltsville, SERC] Northeast Huntington Wildlife Forest, NY Acadia, National Park, ME Proctor Center, Underhill, VT Neversink Watershed, NY Cape Code National Seashore, MA Long Island Sound, NY Mt. Washington, NH Kejimkujik, NS Demonstration stations proposed in Great Lakes, NY and Maine

9 Modeling Hg Cycling,Bioaccumulation and Risk Hg deposition Climate variability Land use/habitat types Multi-media Hg measurements

10 Past Regional Synthesis Efforts -Northeast US and Canada- Mercury Database includes: Air, Water, Sediment Cores Sediment Lower Food Web Fish Birds Mammals >60,000 data points

11 Northeast Regional Synthesis: Stage 1 Summary ( ) Principal Investigators: David Evers (BRI) and Tom Clair (Environment Canada) Study Area: New York, New England, Quebec, and Canadian Maritimes 3 workshops participants / workshop 72 co-authors; scientists, managers and policy-makers >60,000 fish and wildlife Hg data points Journal: Ecotoxicology (2005 Vol. 14; 21 papers) BRI Communications Piece: Mercury Connections

12 Northeast Regional Synthesis: Stage 2 Summary ( ) Principal Investigators: Charley Driscoll (Syracuse University) and David Evers (BRI) Study Area: New York and New England 3 workshops 5-10 participants / workshop 10 co-authors; scientists, managers and policy-makers Journal: Bioscience 2 papers

13 Past Regional Synthesis Efforts -Great Lakes- Mercury Database includes: Air, Water, Sediment Cores Sediment Lower Food Web Fish Birds Mammals >300,000 data points

14 Great Lakes Regional Synthesis: Stage 1 Summary ( ) Principal Investigators: David Evers (BRI) and James Wiener (University of Wisconsin) Study Area: Great Lakes states (8 of them) and Ontario 2 workshops participants / workshop 172 co-authors scientists, managers and policy-makers Journal: Ecotoxicology (2011 Vol. 20; 22 papers) and Environmental Pollution (2012 Vol. 161; 13 papers) 35 total papers BRI Communications Piece: Mercury Connections

15 Great Lakes Regional Synthesis: Proposed Stage 2 Summary ( ) Principal Investigators: David Evers (BRI), James Wiener (University of Wisconsin), Nil Basu (University of Michigan), Joel Blum (University of Michigan), and Charley Driscoll (Syracuse University) Study Area: Great Lakes states (8 of them) and Ontario 2-3 workshops/year 5-10 participants / workshop Journal: TBD BRI Communications Piece: TBD

16 Tri-National Collaboration Western North America Hg Synthesis

17 Tri-National Collaboration Initial support from USGS Powell Center and the National Park Service

18 Presentation Outline Why Western North America? Western Synthesis Project - Organization Synthesis Goals Key Questions Data Collection Schedule Questions

19 Mercury Deposits in North America Source: J. Rytuba (USGS)

20 Regional & Global Mercury Emissions Asian Hg sources

21 Managed Public Lands in the West

22 Landscape Factors and Habitats that Drive Mercury Dynamics Forest vegetation structure Hydro-periodicity Fire Climate Change Timber harvest Agriculture Wetlands

23 Climate Conditions [extreme range in Western N. America]

24 Projected Climate Change [extreme range in Western N. America]

25 Resource Managers Govt. Agencies and NGO s Western North America Hg Synthesis Project Organization Hg Science community USGS Powell Center 20+ Open to all interested parties Active outreach to this group Contribute Hg (meta)data Co-author manuscripts Fiscal & in-kind support Organizing Team 2012 P.C. Proposal 20+ invited WNAMS spring board group Met in Sept (Fort Collins, CO) Organized into working subgroups 1 st round of manuscripts Stakeholders D. Evers (BRI) C. Eagles-Smith (USGS) M. Marvin-DiPasquale (USGS) J. Wiener (Univ. WI)

26 Western Hg Synthesis Team Working Groups [The Powell Center 20+] Mercury Sources Chris Eckley (EPA)* Dan Jaffe (UW) Mae Gustin (UNR) Kristi Morris (NPS) Charlie Alpers (USGS) Joel Blum (UM) Policy and Human Health Elsie Sunderland (Harvard)* Sandy Steffen (Env. Canada)* Phil Johnson (FWS) Victor Avedoy (IEC) Clifton Dassuncao (Harvard) Fish, Wildlife, & Foodwebs Collin Eagles-Smith (USGS)* Davis Evers (BRI)* Jim Wiener (UW) John Elliott (Env. Canada) Robin Stewart (USGS) Allyson Jackson (OSU) Josh Ackerman (USGS) Madeline Turnquist (BRI) Jay Davis (SFEI) Mercury Biogeochemistry Mark Marvin-DiPasquale (USGS)* Jacob Fleck (USGS)* Dave Krabbenhoft (USGS) George Aiken (USGS) Robin Steward (USGS) Joel Blum (UM) Allison Luengen (USF)

27 Western Regional Synthesis Goals 1. Synthesis of existing Hg and ancillary data in Western N. America: a) Evaluate factors that control Hg cycling and bioaccumulation: major source, land use, transport and climate b) Identify risk to key biological resources c) Link Hg transport and chemistry with ecological exposure. 2. Engage the entire community of Hg scientists, resource managers and stakeholders (Governmental and NGO) 3. Provide foundational science to help guide regional scale management with respect to Hg risk to human and ecosystem health

28 Land use Atmospheric (global/local) Sources Landscape Factors Biogeochemistry Terrestrial (local/regional) Habitat type Methylmercury production Productivity Ecological Factors Habitat Use Food web structure Methylmercury Bioaccumulation Species Sensitivity Biological Factors Env stressors Se & other contaminants Toxic Effects of Methylmercury Wildlife, fish, and human health

29 Western Regional Synthesis: 1. Spatial patterns a) Across matrices b) Importance of source type c) Latitudinal changes Key Questions 2. Temporal patterns a) Across matrices b) In relation to changes in land use/cover, climate, emissions 3. Landscape effects a) Relative importance of source vs. habitat type b) Linkage between methylation and bioaccumulation across habitats

30 4) Habitat types Western Regional Synthesis Key Questions (cont.) a) Which pose greatest Hg risk to wildlife and ecosystem health? b) What defines Hg-sensitive landscapes? 5) Climate Change What changes in Hg transport and bioaccumulation can be predicted based on expected climate change models? 6) What are the implications for the management of public lands; and what knobs exist? 7) What are the policy implications (nationally, regionally and globally)?

31 Western Regional Synthesis Tier I: Publically accessible; on-line (e.g. USGS NAWQA-web, EPA STORET) Data Collection Tier II: Permission only; on-line (e.g. State databases) Tier III: Published; database not-line (e.g. journal articles, reports) Tier IV: Not published; contributed METADATA: Describes the data (where, what, #?) Critical synthesis component Contributed (WE NEED YOU)

32 Western Hg Synthesis Timeline Data compilation and analysis Final analysis and manuscript development Publication

33 How can I get involved? CONTACTS OVERALL: Madeline Turnquist (madeline.turnquist@briloon.org) Sources: Chris Eckley (Eckley.chris@epamail.epa.gov) Biogeochemistry: Mark Marvin-DiPasquale (mmarvin@usgs.gov) Jacob Fleck (jafleck@usgs.gov) Fish and Wildlife: Collin Eagles-Smith (ceagles-smith@usgs.gov) Dave Evers (david.evers@briloon.org)

34 Western North America Mercury Synthesis (WNAMS) Questions?

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