Hydrogeological characterisation of lineaments in the Central Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Presenter Ian Clark for Alaa Ahmed

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1 Hydrogeological characterisation of lineaments in the Central Flinders Ranges, outh Australia Presenter Ian Clark for Alaa Ahmed

2 Acknowledgements PhD cholarship from Government of gypt Top-up scholarship from Goyder Institute upport from A Arid Areas RM Board Post-Doc research A Water

$usage is from fractured rocks (Harrington and Cook 214) The sustainable management of water resources in such environment becomes an urgent issue to many communities and ecosystems within$

3 Introduction Groundwater in Australia makes up about 33% of the estimated total water use (AB 212) Increased by 6% in the period from (Harrington and Cook 214) 1% of total groundwater usage is from fractured rocks (Harrington and Cook 214) The sustainable management of water resources in such environment becomes an urgent issue to many communities and ecosystems within Australia

4 tudy Area Location In Central Flinders Ranges 79 km. southwest of Leigh Creek and 21 km north east of Port Augusta Climate emi-arid to arid climate. Highest daily (159 mm. to 35.5 mm Highest monthly (262.8 mm. to 82.8 mm

5 Catchment

6 tudy Area.Geology and Hydrogeology Geology The main lithologic units that outcrop in the study area are the Umberatana and Wilpena groups (Preiss 2) Hydrogeology The main water bearing formations are: tina Formation Brachina Formation Bunyeroo Formation

$waste or contamination (euman 25) Fractured or porous Groundwater occurred in fractured bedrocks which has been described as a complex, hydrogeological$

7 Problem tatement Limited data The geology has been studied in some detail, little or nothing is known about the groundwater regime. Groundwater is considered as the main source of water and played a significant role in human occupation and settlement (DWLBC 29) caling The scaling problem is considered the biggest challenge (Cook 23; Krásny & harp 27) Most of the studies focused on local-scale problems such as mining, nuclear waste or contamination (euman 25) Fractured or porous Groundwater occurred in fractured bedrocks which has been described as a complex, hydrogeological environment (Krásny & harp 27)

8 Fractured aquifers have potential to supply larger quantities than other aquifers. Geolineament: a surface expression of fracturing (geologic structure) in the form of: Alignments of topography and drainages Linear trends in vegetation and soil-moisture anomalies Truncation of rock outcrops Lineaments are indicative of secondary porosity Potential to supply large and reliable quantities of water Relationship exists between lineaments and greater well productivity Lineaments can be identified using remotely sensed imagery (Tone, color, texture, pattern)

9 Fault Breccia Cleavage and Joints 9

10 Objectives General Objective Determine whether it is feasible to use the available data to develop a reasonable model on which a sustainability plan for groundwater management can be developed pecific objectives were: Identify and extract Geolineaments and other discontinuities from remote sensing data, geologic maps and field work valuate hydrogeological characteristics by correlating water information and extracted lineaments

11 xtraction Processing valuation Data Materials and Methods Office Work Field Work Drainage Lines Geolineamets Fractures Hydrogeology RTM Geologic Map atellite Image canline urvey Field urvey Filling Voids Clipping Composite Bands valuation Flow Direction Tracing Mosiac+Clipping Flow Accumulation Faults Layer nhancement tream etworks Analysis Lineament Layer Watershed Delineation

12 Delineation of the watershed Results.Delineation

13 Results.Faults W W W W W =85 =3 = 31 = 9 All faults (b1) (b2) (b3) (b4) (b) (c) (d) (e) (a) Orientation and Length Density Map

W 27 27 27 27 27 18 18 18 18 18 9 9 W 9 9 9 W W W 27 W27 W 27 W W 27 27 18 18 18 18 18 9 9 9 9 9 Lineaments Orientation and Length Density Map All lineaments (a) (a) All faults (b) = 254 (a1)

14 W W W W W 27 W27 W 27 W W Lineaments Orientation and Length Density Map All lineaments (a) (a) All faults (b) = 254 (a1) (b) =85 (b1) = 39 (a2) (c) =3 (b2) =68 (a3) (d) = 31 (b3) W = 32 (a4) (e) = 9 (b4) Figure rror! o text of specified style in document.-1(a): length size distribution of lineaments: in the whole area

15 W 27 W W W 27 Frequency W W W Fractures Comparative analysis Zone Formation orthern Bunyeroo Frequency Trends of of lineaments lineaments W W W Low Trends of fractures W, W, W Frequency of fractures Low (< 7/m) Correlation Fracture correlated tation: Blinman Hut Well tation: Witches Well tation: alt Bore astern and western tina and Brachina W W W Low to moderate W, W W Low to moderate (< 7/m) Fracture correlated =22 =49 =26 tation: Glass Gorge Well tation: Fourth pring tation: Third pring outhern Tapley Hill W W W Moderate to WW high W Moderate to high (> 7/m) Fracture correlated A notable similarity between the prominent trend of the different linear features. =65 =3 =4 tation: Third pring = BlinmanWitches Hut Well Well alt Bore Glass Gorge Well Third pring First pring Figure rror! o text of specified style in document.-1 Rose diagram analysis for measured fractures and length size distribution for the measured fractures in 1 m. Fourth pring There may be a local variation in lineament orientations, length and density which is probably attributable to the heterogeneity of the bedrock, and or structural and stress variations.

prings and Lineaments pring Proximity to lineaments Class (<6 limit) Clock pring 52 Lineaments Hannigan pring 1 on-lineaments Bald Hill pring 2 on-lineaments Willigen pring 42

16 prings and Lineaments pring Proximity to lineaments Class (<6 limit) Clock pring 52 Lineaments Hannigan pring 1 on-lineaments Bald Hill pring 2 on-lineaments Willigen pring 42 Lineaments ix Mile pring 5 on-lineaments Witches pring 49 on-lineaments Warra Warra pring 83 Lineaments econd pring 19 Lineaments Third pring 15 Lineaments Fourth pring 8 on-lineaments 16

Wells and Lineaments Water Well Proximity to lineaments (m) Class (<3m limit) TD (meq/l) Yeild (L/s) Blinman Well 51 on-lineaments 46.2.5 Pendulum Well 12 Lineaments 62.9.

17 Wells and Lineaments Water Well Proximity to lineaments (m) Class (<3m limit) TD (meq/l) Yeild (L/s) Blinman Well 51 on-lineaments Pendulum Well 12 Lineaments Bore on-lineaments Witches Well 275 Lineaments Home Well 9 on-lineaments alt Bore 12 on-lineaments <.5 Glass Gorge 95 Lineaments 38.4 >1.5 Breakneck Well 15 Lineaments 39.2 >1.5 Oratunga Bore 24 Lineaments Warra Warra Well 9 Lineaments

18 TD (meq/l) Proximity to lineaments Blinman Well Pendulum Well Bore 17 Witches Well Home Well alt Bore Glass Gorge Breakneck Well Warra Warra Well Oratunga Bore The correlation between the water composition and location of springs and lineaments, indicates the occurrence of fracture zones of greater porosity and conductivity Proximity to lineaments (m)

19 Hawker 19

20 Quorn 2

21 Water yield (L/s) C (μ/cm) 21

22 Conclusion 1. In areas with limited previous investigations and hydrogeological data, remote sensing and GI methods provide support in water studies 2. Lineament maps, plotted from satellite data are very useful for groundwater studies, while, field studies help to detect the nature of structures and correlate lineament interpretation with geological structures 3. All the interpretations supports the hydrogeological significance of lineaments, a correlation of the different parameters with the proximity to lineaments interpreted from satellite images confirms that high yielding wells, low saline and springs are related to lineaments. 4. This knowledge could be used to build hydrogeological models of areas for which there is only limited data

Using GIS Techniques and Quantitative Morphometric Analysis to Evaluate the Groundwater Resources in the Central Flinders Ranges, South Australia

Using GIS Techniques and Quantitative Morphometric Analysis to Evaluate the Groundwater Resources in the Central Flinders Ranges, South Australia Alaa A. Ismail and Ian Clark Centre for Water Management