SCANNING! MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION (MTJ)! MICROSCOPY!! High-resolution magnetic imaging of geologic samples" Ioan Lascu and Richard J.
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1 SCANNING! MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTION (MTJ)! MICROSCOPY!! High-resolution magnetic imaging of geologic samples" Ioan Lascu and Richard J. Harrison"
2 OVERVIEW" 1. Scanning magnetic microscopy" 2. MTJ microscopy" 3. Specimens suitable for MTJ scanning " " " " " "" " " Funding: European Research Council" Acknowledgments: Gang Xiao, Matthew Carter, Jay Shah, Adrian Muxworthy, Oliver Shorttle, Jim Miller, Roberts Blukis, Josh Feinberg"
3 1. SCANNING MAGNETIC MICROSCOPY" Technique that allows mapping of field associated with fine-scale magnetic structures" Attractive due to spatial resolution and high sensitivity" Can isolate micro-regions of interest in bulk samples" Complements traditional rock magnetic techniques" Schrag et al. (2006)"
4 SCANNING MAGNETIC MICROSCOPY" Superconducting Quantum Interference Device SQUID (Weiss et al., 2007)" Giant Magnetoresistance GMR (Hankard et al., 2009)" Hall Probe (Kletetschka et al., 2013)" Nitrogen Vacancy Diamond (LeSage et al., 2013)" MTJ (Lima et al., 2014)" GMR high resolution" SQUID high sensitivity"
5 2. MTJ MICROSCOPY" MTJ Sensor thin film device:" - Insulating layer (e.g. MgO) " ~1nm thick a few atomic monolayers " allows quantum tunnelling of electrons" - Magnetic electrodes (e.g. CoFeB)" one is pinned via exchange bias " one is free to respond to magnetic fields" maximum current if magnetic layers are parallel" maximum resistance if antiparallel: >200% change high sensitivity "
6 MTJ MICROSCOPY" MTJ technology: " - read/write heads for disk drives, magnetic memory in semiconductor industry, miniaturized low-field sensors" - no need for cryogens" - small sensor active area" - small biasing current to operate sensor: minimize induced magnetizations in sample (<1 µt)" - all these translate to: small sensor-sample distance, higher resolution, better signal/noise ratios" " Spatial Resolution (µm)" 1000" " 100" " 10" " 1" Schrag et al. (2006)" 0.1 " 1 " 10 " 100 " 1000" Sensor-Sample Distance (µm)"
7 MTJ MICROSCOPY" - Further improvements in resolution and sensitivity" - MTJ microscope at Pontifical Catholic University (Brazil): custom built, using a commercial sensor (Micromagnetics Inc.)" Sm-Co powder" Lima et al. (2014)"
8 MTJ MICROSCOPY" - Further improvements in resolution and sensitivity" - MTJ microscope at Pontifical Catholic University (Brazil): custom built, using a commercial sensor (Micromagnetics Inc.)" " OPTICAL" SQUID " " " MTJ" Basalt sample" Lima et al. (2014)"
9 MTJ CAMBRIDGE" Stage on aluminium extension to minimize interference from motor" Optical camera" Two offset sensors per cartridge, one for sample stray fields, one for ambient field" Sample handling is straightforward" Polished surfaces, no need for horizontality" Static mode: calibrated" Vibrating mode: no scanning artifacts" "
10 3. SPECIMENS: SPHERICAL RARE-EARTH MAGNETS" NdFeB spherical powder" - median grain size ~40 µm" - high anisotropy" - calibration and modeling" "
11 SPHERICAL RARE-EARTH MAGNETS" Vibrating mode" Static mode" Optical overlay of 25 µm grain and static magnetic map"
12 SPHERICAL RARE-EARTH MAGNETS" Vibrating mode" Static mode" Forward model" ATHLETICS (Bryson et al., 2013)"
13 DUSTY OLIVINE" Bishunpur chondrite" collab: J. Shah, A. Muxworthy (Imperial College)"
14 DUSTY OLIVINE" Bishunpur chondrite" collab: J. Shah, A. Muxworthy (Imperial College)"
15 DUSTY OLIVINE" Bishunpur chondrite" collab: J. Shah, A. Muxworthy (Imperial College)"
16 DUSTY OLIVINE" Bishunpur chondrite" collab: J. Shah, A. Muxworthy (Imperial College)"
17 SYNTHETIC DUSTY OLIVINE" Synthetic analogue of dusty olivine found in chondritic meteorites"
18 METEORITIC METAL" Krasnojarsk Pallasite"" Tetrataenite" Plessite" Kamacite"
19 METEORITIC METAL" Tetrataenite" Krasnojarsk Pallasite"" -4 "µt " 40" Plessite" Kamacite" collab: R. Blukis (Univ. of Cambridge)"
20 VOLCANIC ROCKS" Obsidian" - dipolar sources associated with hematite-rich bands"
21 VOLCANIC ROCKS" Ocean Floor Basalt: Skeletal Titanomagnetite and Olivine with Dislocations" " collab: O. Shorttle (Univ. of Cambridge) and L. N. Hansen (Univ. of Oxford) "
22 SPELEOTHEM CALCITE" SQUID" MTJ" Feinberg et al. (in prep)"
23 SUMMARY" 1. MTJ: robust, cost-effective, straightforward instrument" 2. High resolution magnetic maps" 3. Lower sensitivity offset by small sensor-sample distances" 4. Ideal for specimens containing microregions of interest"
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