1) Which area has experienced the highest number of fatalities caused by natural disasters? a) North America b) Africa c) Europe d) Asia e) Australia

Transcription

1 SIO15 Midterm 1, Monday Oct. 29, 2018 TEST VARIATION: A 1) Which area has experienced the highest number of fatalities caused by natural disasters? a) North America b) Africa c) Europe d) Asia e) Australia 2) On average, more people in the U.S. die from extreme cold than from extreme heat? 3) One of Earth s internal energy sources is nuclear fission? 4) Which type of energy does a moving body have? a) potential b) kinetic c) heat d) gravitational 5) What causes Earth tides? a) tug of the Moon b) tug of the Sun c) earthquakes d) volcanic eruptions e) a) and b) 6) Which of these is an incorrect statement about latent heat? a) energy is released during evaporation b) energy is released during condensation c) it costs heat to turn water into water vapor d) latent heat is hidden energy 7) Which of these planets is the smallest? a) Mars b) Earth c) Venus d) Mercury e) Uranus 8) Which kind of tide do we have during New Moon? a) spring tide b) neap tide c) normal tide 9) Which of these applies to comets? a) glowing tails when they approach the Sun b) could impact on Earth c) may have brought water to Earth e) b) and c)

2 10) Which of these is most closely related to shooting stars? a) meteoroid b) asteroid c) meteorite d) meteor 11) Which two Earth layers are involved when we discuss isostasy? a) crust and asthenosphere b) mantle and core c) crust and core d) crust and mantle e) lithosphere and asthenosphere 12) What does the lithosphere do after the end of an ice age? a) lithosphere sinks after ice sheets melt b) lithosphere rises after ice sheets melt c) lithosphere moves sideways d) lithosphere starts to subduct 13) Which two angles describe the direction of Earth s magnetic field lines? a) strike and dip b) inclination and azimuth c) declination and tilt d) azimuth and tilt e) declination and inclination 14) What generates Earth s nearly dipolar magnetic field? a) a bar magnet at Earth s center b) solar wind c) convection currents in liquid outer core d) slow convection in solid inner core e) volcanic rocks in the crust 15) On which type of plate boundary do we typically find reverse earthquake types? a) transform b) divergent c) convergent 16) Where do we find the Wadati-Benioff zone? a) in every earthquake fault b) at the center of Earth s magnetic field c) the layer below the asthenosphere d) zone of earthquakes in a subduction zone e) minimum evacuation zone for an approaching tsunami 17) What is the earthquake activity called that is triggered by human activity? a) transferred seismicity b) referred seismicity c) induced seismicity d) transformed seismicity e) human activity does not trigger earthquakes

3 18) Larger earthquakes are less likely on long faults than on short faults? 19) What happens during liquefaction? a) a tsunami floods a low-lying area b) shaken ground behaves like a liquid c) solid rock melts while being heated d) liquids are injected into an earthquake fault 20) Which of these disasters cannot be caused by earthquakes? a) floods b) volcanic eruptions c) hurricanes d) dam bursts e) fires 21) Strain causes stress. 22) How is INSAR used to forecast earthquakes? a) counts number of small earthquakes b) monitors volcanic eruptions c) monitors slow ground movement in aseismic periods d) monitors groundwater movement 23) Large earthquakes typically occur a) at night b) during the day c) at any time d) none of the above 24) Which of these volcanic hazard is NOT one of the 3 most deadly killers? a) tsunami b) lava flow c) pyroclastic flow d) indirect/climate change 25) Which principal type of eruption is associated with the Hawaiian type? a) particularly benign b) particularly violent 26) Yellowstone volcano is the only one in VEI category 8? 27) What are the two principal types of volcanoes? a) active and dormant b) shield and strato c) dormant and extinct d) benign and explosive e) continental and oceanic

4 28) The last 20 years have seen more volcanic eruptions because of global warming? 29) When molten magma cools, which mineral is last to crystallize? a) Olivine b) Quartz c) they both crystallize at the same time 30) What process is more likely to melt rock? a) increase in pressure b) decrease in pressure c) both are equally likely 31) On which side of the melting curve does mantle rock have to be in order to be solid? a) right b) left 32) Which of these are the two principal rock melting mechanisms on Earth? a) new heat sources and radioactivity b) decompression melting and addition of volatiles c) compression melting and new heat sources d) decompression melting and radioactivity e) addition of volatiles and transgression 33) Volcanoes are easier to forecast than earthquakes. 34) San Diego is on which tectonic plate? a) Juan de Fuca b) North American c) Pacific d) Farallon e) Cocos 35) Which of these measures increases slope stability? a) steepening b) adding mass at the bottom c) removing mass from the top e) b) and c) 36) What can lower the ground water table? a) excess farming b) installing a drainage system c) droughts e) a) and b) 37) What is a sinkhole? a) a narrow volcano crater b) the central part of a hurricane c) a type of mass movement d) a gap along a transform plate boundary

5 38) Installing a septic tank instead of a draining sewer system on unstable ground the risk of slumping. a) increases b) decreases c) does not change 39) What is the base level of a stream? a) the average discharge b) the lowest possible discharge c) the highest point where the spring is d) the lowest point to which erosion can occur 40) Compared to the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, 2018 was more severe? 41) After 2018 Hurricane Florence hit the Carolinas, what was the main issue with flooded coal ash ponds? a) contamination through lead and other heavy metals b) provided a new habitat for wildlife c) natural nuclear reactor started d) cause of a major wildfire e) all of the above 42) As a consequence of global warming how are migrating species affected? a) migration to higher elevations b) increase in number of species c) loss of habitat d) decline of species e) all of the above, except for b) 43) Which of these volcanoes threatens Mexico City? a) Mt. St. Helens b) Popocatépetl c) Kilauea d) Mt. Pinatubo e) Mt. Redoubt f) Mt. Laske