SIO15 Midterm 1, Monday Oct. 29, 2018

Transcription

1 SIO15 Midterm 1, Monday Oct. 29, 2018 TEST VARIATION: B 1) Over the last 20 years, which of these natural disasters killed the most people in the U.S.? a) lightning strikes b) floods c) cold waves d) heat waves e) tornadoes 2) Which area has experienced the highest number of fatalities caused by natural disasters? a) Africa b) Europe c) Asia d) Australia e) North America 3) Which of these is an incorrect statement about latent heat? a) latent heat is hidden energy b) energy is released during evaporation c) energy is released during condensation d) it costs heat to turn water into water vapor 4) Which type of energy does a moving body have? a) heat b) kinetic c) rotational d) potential 5) One of Earth s internal energy sources is nuclear fission? 6) What causes Earth tides? a) tug of the Moon b) tug of the Sun c) earthquakes d) volcanic eruptions e) a) and b) 7) Which of these is NOT one of the four Moon phases recurring every month? a) Last Quarter Moon b) Full Moon c) First Quarter Moon d) New Moon e) Blood Moon 8) Where is the asteroid belt located? a) between Venus and Earth b) between Earth and Mars c) between Mars and Jupiter d) beyond Neptune

2 9) Which of these is most closely related to shooting stars? a) meteorite b) meteor c) meteoroid d) asteroid 10) Which of these applies to comets? a) glowing tails when they approach the Sun b) could impact on Earth c) may have brought water to Earth d) all of the above e) b) and c) 11) Which two forces hold a floating body in isostatic equilibrium? a) buoyancy and restoring b) gravity and buoyancy c) inertial and gravity d) gravity and friction e) gravity and downslope 12) What generates Earth s nearly dipolar magnetic field? a) volcanic rocks in the crust b) a bar magnet at Earth s center c) solar wind d) convection currents in liquid outer core e) slow convection in solid inner core 13) Which two angles describe the direction of Earth s magnetic field lines? a) strike and dip b) declination and inclination c) declination and tilt d) inclination and azimuth e) azimuth and tilt 14) What is meant by post-glacial rebound? a) lithosphere sinks after ice sheets melt b) lithosphere rises after ice sheets melt c) species migrate back to previous climate zone d) return of vegetation in spring e) volcanoes increase eruption rates 15) On which types of plate boundaries do we find deep earthquakes? a) transform b) divergent c) all convergent d) only convergent with a subducting oceanic plate e) all plate boundaries 16) What is the earthquake activity called that is triggered by human activity? a) transferred seismicity b) referred seismicity c) transformed seismicity d) induced seismicity e) human activity does not trigger earthquakes

3 17) Which of these traces earthquakes in a subduction zone? a) Richter-Gutenberg zone b) Richter-Benioff zone c) Wadati-Benioff zone d) Wadati-Gutenberg zone e) Wadati-Richter zone 18) Larger earthquakes are more likely on long faults than on short faults? 19) Which of these disasters cannot be caused by earthquakes? a) fires b) floods c) volcanic eruptions d) hurricanes e) dam bursts 20) What happens during liquefaction? a) a tsunami floods a low-lying area b) shaken ground behaves like a liquid c) solid rock melts while being heated d) liquids are injected into an earthquake fault 21) Strain is a form of a) energy b) force c) deformation d) heat 22) Large earthquakes typically occur a) at night b) during the day c) at any time d) none of the above 23) How is INSAR used to forecast earthquakes? a) counts number of small earthquakes b) monitors volcanic eruptions c) monitors slow ground movement in aseismic periods d) monitors groundwater movement 24) Which of these volcanic hazard move fastest down a volcano? a) lahar b) lava flow c) pyroclastic flow d) cinder blocks 25) Which principal type of eruption is associated with the Plinian type? a) particularly benign b) particularly violent 26) There has NOT been any humongous (VEI=8) volcanic eruptions in the last 50 years?

4 27) The last 20 years have seen more volcanic eruptions because of global warming? 28) What process is more likely to melt rock? a) increase in pressure b) decrease in pressure c) both are equally likely 29) What are the two principal types of volcanoes? a) active and dormant b) dormant and extinct c) benign and explosive d) continental and oceanic e) shield and strato 30) What are rocks called that solidify above ground? a) intrusive b) plutonic c) effusive d) volcanic e) explosive 31) On which side of the melting curve does mantle rock have to be in order to be molten? a) right b) left 32) What are the three Vs of volcanic eruptions? a) volume, vorticity, viscosity b) volume, volatile content, viscosity c) viscosity, volatile content, violence d) violence, volumes, viscosity e) volumes, vorticity, viscosity 33) Volcanoes are more difficult to forecast than earthquakes. 34) San Diego is on which tectonic plate? a) Juan de Fuca b) Cocos c) North American d) Pacific e) Farallon 35) What does the angle of repose describe? a) the angle between the gravitational and the resistance force b) the dip of an earthquake fault c) maximum angle a pile of particles can have d) the minimum angle of a stable hillside

5 36) What is a sinkhole? a) the central part of a hurricane b) a narrow volcano crater c) a gap along a transform plate boundary d) a type of mass movement 37) What can lower the ground water table? a) excess farming b) installing a drainage system c) droughts d) all of the above e) a) and b) 38) Installing a septic tank instead of a draining sewer system on unstable ground the risk of slumping. a) increases b) decreases c) does not change 39) Which type of flood typically causes more fatalities? a) flash flood b) regional flood 40) After 2018 Hurricane Florence hit the Carolinas, what was the main issue with flooded coal ash ponds? a) provided a new habitat for wildlife b) contamination through lead and other heavy metals c) natural nuclear reactor started d) cause of a major wildfire e) all of the above 41) Compared to the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, 2018 was calmer? 42) About how much of Earth s radius is made up by the core? a) about 25% b) about 50% c) about 75% d) Earth doesn t have a core e) Earth consists mainly of the rocky core 43) Which of these volcanoes threatens Mexico City? a) Mt. St. Helens b) Kilauea c) Popocatépetl d) Mt. Pinatubo e) Mt. Redoubt f) Mt. Laske