ArcGIS for the Military: Analyzing the Operational Environment

Transcription

1 Federal GIS Conference February 9 10, 2015 Washington, DC ArcGIS for the Military: Analyzing the Operational Environment Erik Reid, Esri Jim Weakland, Esri Guest Speaker: Nathan Scott, NGA

2 Agenda Battlefield GEOINT: Why We Fight Where We Fight, To Anticipate the Battlefield of Tomorrow Operational Environment - Identifying the Aspects - Creating the GIS Foundation - Analyzing the Thematic Layers How can I contribute?

3 Battlefield GEOINT Why We Fight Where We Fight, To Anticipate the Battlefield of Tomorrow Nathan Scott, NGA

4 Battlefield GEOINT: Why We Fight Where We Fight, To Anticipate the Battlefield of Tomorrow Nathan Scott ESRI Federal Conference February 2015 Approved for public release,

5 Why Battlefield GEOINT? Intelligence Preparation of the Battlespace (IPB) The lens through which the Army analyzes Battlespace Provides input to CDR for Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) Understanding environmental influences on actions Provides context for interactions Person to Person Person to Terrain Person to Equipment/ Object Spatial Thinking!! Approved for public release,

6 Where have we been? IPB/GPB Primer Current Glidepath Modifications to IPB via lessons learned from OIF/OEF Looking into the Future Geographic Spaces define interactions Physical, Behavioral, Cognitive Leveraging GIS to understand more Information fusion Agenda Redefining how the Army views the Spatial Environment Flexibility and Adaptability based on current Geospatial thought Approved for public release,

7 Created as a template for Cold War Incorporates centuries of military knowledge Focus on Step-by-Step process Add new concepts to the process Works well. In a IPB In a Nut Shell Conventional Operating Environment (COE) We know how to deal with Enemy weapons/tactics Weak in Counter Insurgency (COIN) Environments Or anything requiring extensive Civil Interactions We do NOT fully understand or account for non-military interactions in our analyses Approved for public release,

8 Future of Battlefield GEOINT Re-Define how we approach the Environment IPB Define the Battlespace, Describe the Effects, Evaluate Threat, Determine Threat Courses of Action Geospatial Analytics: Physical Geography What Mother Nature provides? Behavioral Geography How humans interact with Mother Nature? Cognitive Geography What humans do to overcome Mother Nature and/or interact with each other? Approved for public release,

9 Physical Geography Bedrock of GIS for past 20+ years Core competency of MI and Maneuver Officers Leverage all GIS capabilities and Data Move toward consistent and timely analysis inputs Limited by knowledge and technology Lowest level organic capability Lays the ground work input for Behavioral analysis Do NOT reinvent proven analyses; Relook at how we are understanding the physical environment Approved for public release,

10 Behavioral Geography Introduction of new analysis What does physics allow a human to do, given equipment and constraints of physical geography Eg. Bullets don t dodge hills and tanks don t operate in swamps Goal of Behavioral Geography analysis is to determine a set of all possible actions a threat can take Create algorithms that describe, geospatially, what equipment is capable of doing Eg. AK-47 shoots X meters, M1A2 moves Y far in Z time End State is a notional presence of Threat AND Friendly given every space on the battlefield, and what they can/cannot do Approved for public release,

11 Cognitive Geography Most complex Geography emerging capabilities Goal Determine what a threat is going to do Narrow a set of Behavioral possibilities to probabilities Utilize all info Big Data and Multi-Sensor input Based on probability functions (Bayesian Probability) Incorporates GIS/GEOINT, Psychology, and Mathematics Whether you are studying a flock of birds, a swarm of ants, or a nation of Deadheads, the math is the same for all of them Lee Michaelides and Karen Endicott, Dartmouth Engineering Approved for public release,

12 Information Fusion Ever increasing spatial data Fusion of data sets, across multi-government organizations No requirement to own each dataset, but must be accessible Big Data Analytics Amazon, Google, Facebook, Twitter Each Geography can be individual fusion domain, linked through fusion models with inputs Physical Elevations, Land covers, Infrastructure, etc Behavioral Equipment capabilities + Physical Cognitive Human Analytics + Behavioral + Physical Approved for public release,

13 Redefine IPB and Battlefield Analysis Keep the strengths of IPB as tasks, which become geospatial models Concepts and information all in place Replace 4 steps of IPB with the three Geographies Focus is on battle space understanding NOT product generation Leverage computers for repetitious staff work Yields more consistency across organizations; counters training and capability gaps More time to focus on the Why? of what is/may occur Goal is to view the Battlespace as interconnected and Fluid not static or linear Approved for public release,

14 Re-Focus on Spatial Thinking / Spatial Cognition IPB to a Geospatial Thinking Model Align Doctrine with current thought / theory Leverage systems Re-tool training Focus geospatial strategies Geospatial thought is critical and growing in importance We are losing focus Final Thoughts Approved for public release,

15 What is the Operational Environment Erik Reid

16 What is the Operational Environment Where is there a potential for armed conflict due to disputed borders? Where are adversaries smuggling weapons into my area? What is the purchasing power average of each household? What are the languages and dialects spoken in my area of operation? Where are the satellite relay stations located and who operates them? If a bridge on my main supply route is destroyed, where do I reroute my convoy? Where can the adversary emplace artillery within 12km of my forward command post? How long will it take for the port to handle 250,000 inbound TEUs? is key to the success of an operation

17 Aspects of the Operational Environment Eight interrelated systems known as PMESII-PT Political Administrative Boundaries Military Area of Operations Economic Gross Domestic Product Social Language Information Satellite Relay Stations Infrastructure Road Networks Physical Environment Slope Time Phase Lines Operational Environment Portal Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment (JP )

18 Providing the Common Operating Picture Mission Command Movement & Maneuver Intelligence Fires Sustainment & Logistics Protection Operational Environment Portal supporting the warfighting functions

19 Creating and Synthesizing the Thematic Layers Configurable Tools and Templates - Create Feature Services - Military Overlays - Predictive Analysis - Geonames Locator - Analyze Cell Phone Data - Bridge Inventory - Military Aspects of Terrain - Incident Analysis Available at solutions.arcgis.com solutions applicable to your workflows

20 Basemaps Esri provides a variety including - World Topographic - World Imagery - Open Street Map - Ocean Ability to produce your own custom basemaps - Build Elevation Mosaic - Imagery Basemap - Scanned Map Basemap - Topographic Basemap Solutions are available at solutions.arcgis.com are the background reference for thematic layers

21 Demonstrations

22 So how can you contribute? Specialized software is not required to create GIS data. Only requires X,Y information You need minimal GIS skills to contribute to the understanding of the Operational Environment.

23 Conclusion

24 Resources Solutions Website - GitHub - Videos - Blogs - Facebook - Twitter -

25 Questions

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