Possible Questions from Students Test #1

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1 Possible Questions from Students Test #1 1) What is the correct definition of habitat? 2) Is habitat organism specific? 3) Name 4 things organisms need for survival. 4) Name the three levels of biological organization. 5) is the number of individuals per unit area? 6) What is the population process? 7) T/F Habitat components that we measure are called response vegetables. 8) Name two sampling types. 9) T/F You should never consult a statistician or quantitative expert before habitat analysis. 10) The two types of Mark-Recapture designs are and. 1. List 4 things that organisms need to survive. 2. What constitutes habitat? 3. Describe the individual, population, and community in terms of levels of biological organization. 4. What are random, regular, and clumped population patterns? 5. What are important abiotic and biotic response variables? 6. What is simple random sampling? 7. Describe distance sampling. 8. Differences or comparisons of plot vs. plotless methods. 9. List steps to constructing a habitat analysis. 10. What is stratified random sampling? 1. What is GIS? 2. T/F Habitat is not organism specific 3. What is a population? 4. What are the 3 habitat components? 5. What are the 3 data types? 6. What are 4 types of sampling? 7. What is a strip transect? 8. What are 3 mark recapture designs? 9. What is selective availability? 10. Define Habitat.

2 1. What is habitat? 2. What do organisms need for survival and reproduction? 3. What are the levels of biological organization? 4. What are the important Abiotic factors? 5. What are the important biotic factors? 6. What are the eight steps habitat analysis and briefly give a description of how they work? 7. Explain the sampling techniques and which is more accurate. 8. Explain the mark recapture method and describe the close vs. open population. 9. What does GIS stand for? 10. Explain how GPS operates? 1. What is a habitat? 2. Fill in blank. Habitat is specific. 3. A living or single cell organism is a. A. Individual. B. Population C. Community. 4. What is precision? 5. What is Type II Error? 6. What type of sampling allows the equal chance of selection of sampling locations? 7. What is plot sampling? 8. What type of sampling consists of a habitat component in an elongated plot along or across the gradient of a population or species distribution? 9. What does GIS stand for? 10. What does GPS stand for? 1. Define habitat and explain how it is misused. 2. Define the different population distribution patterns. 3. What are the three critical points to measuring response variables? 4. What is assumed when using distance sampling? 5. What is the difference between cluster and multi-stage sampling? 6. What are the mark-recapture designs? 7. What does GIS stand for? 8. Name 3 steps to habitat analysis. 9. What are 2 plotless methods of sampling?

3 10. What is the formula for N using the Lincoln-Peterson model? 1. Lecture: What is Habitat? Question: Why is it incorrect to claim that areas without any individuals of a given species are non-habitat based solely on presence/absence information? 2. Lecture: Populations and Landscapes Question: What kind of biological interactions can produce a clumped distribution pattern? 3. Lecture: Intro to Habitat Analysis Question: Why can two different communities both contain the same number of species, yet one community may still have much higher species diversity than the other? 4. Lecture: Sampling Designs Question: Why might it be advantageous to a researcher to use cluster sampling (i.e. taking multiple measurements at each random point)? 5. Lecture: GPS and GIS Question: You find the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinates for an old black bear den in the Smokies, and want to check it for signs of recent activity. What should you find out about the UTM coordinates you were given before looking for the den with your GPS unit? Note: you don t want to spend all day in the Smokies 6. Lecture: General Sampling Techniques Question: What are some factors that could create error when conducting point counts for song birds? 7. Lecture: Mark-Recapture Methods Question: You are a researcher marking map turtles w/ permanent paint for later recapture, and do not realize that some of the turtles travel through a small, slightly acidic pond that removes the paint. How might this affect your population estimate?

4 8. Lecture: Plant, Invertebrate, and Herpetofaunal Sampling Question: Name and describe 2 methods of invertebrate sampling. 9. Lecture: Bird, Mammal, and Weather Sampling Question: Are recapture rates of banded nongame birds very high? Why might the rates differ from those of game bird species? 10. Lecture: Nantahala and Ruffed-grouse Management Question: What benefit(s) does prescribed fire have on the landscape for a Ruffed-grouse population? For a population of deer? 1. In GPS, what is differential correction? 2. What is the difference between learned and genetic adaptations? 3. What are the three distribution pattern types? 4. Name some of the important abiotic response variables? 5. Why is the Shannon-Weiner Index important and how is it used? 6. What is Stratified Multi-stage Sampling? 7. What is the difference between line transects and strip transects? 8. What is the difference between open and closed populations? Why is the Schnabel model important and how is it used? What is the typical habitat of a Ruffed-grouse? Test Questions 1. What is the definition of habitat? 2. What do the terms Proximity and Permeability mean in relation to habitat components? 3. In terms of population biology, what does the term density refer too? 4. List 3 abiotic factors in the environment. 5. Explain Stratified random sampling. 6. Explain the sampling technique of strip (belt) transects and line transects. 7. Differentiate between an individual, population, and a community. 8. What are a few general assumptions of the Mark-Recapture Models? 9. Give an example of what it means when an animal becomes trap happy. 10. What is meant by nominal, ordinal, and continuous data? 11. What are the 3 measures of liability? 1. Habitat definition? 2. What are the 3 habitat components? 3. Why study populations? 4. What are the differences between Abiotic and Biotic Response Variables?

5 5. Define cluster sampling? 6. When are plotless methods recommended for measureing density? 7. What are the 4 assumption in the Mark-Recapture Model? 8. What are the two data types for GIS? 9. What are the habitat components needed for ruffed grouse to drum? 10.What is the Thermal Neutral Zone(TNZ)? 1) What are the 4 survival and reproduction needs of organisms? 2) What is the definition of a habitat? 3) Differentiate between population, individual, and community. 4) What are the important biotic response variables? 5) What are the important abiotic response variables? 6) What are the advantages and disadvantages of random, systematic, adaptive, and paired sampling? 7) Which is more accurate in estimating population density plot methods or plotless methods? 8) What are the general assumptions of mark-recapture models? 9) What are the three critical points of habitat analysis? 10) What is the difference between grouse management plans in the north than those in the south? 1) Define habitat. 2) What are the three levels biological organization? 3) List four types of sampling designs. 4) What are some abiotic and biotic response variables? 5) What are two general assumptions in mark recapture models? 6) What is a strip transect? 7) Who is E. Lucy Braun?

6 8) Who is the inventor of GPS? 9) What is landscape ecology? 10) What are two components of species diversity? 1. What is one way that the word habitat is misused? 2. What are three patterns of distribution? 3. What are some disadvantages to simple random sampling? 4. What are response variables? 5. What is the basic idea behind mark recapture sampling? 6. What is a line transect? 7. What is a mixed mesophytic forest? 8. What is metadata? 9. What does Nantahala mean? 10. What did E. Lucy Braun accomplish? 1) Name 4 basic survival and reproductive needs of organisms. 2) Why is it that artic species can tolerate extremely low ambient temperatures without an increase in metabolic rate? 3) Match the distribution patterns to the correct description. A. Random distribution B. Regular distribution C. Clumped distribution All locations have equal probability (no biological interaction) Locations have unequal probability (positive biological interaction) All locations have equal probability (negative biological interaction) 4) Habitat components measured for research or management are called response variables. List them below and give examples for each. 5) Choose two of the following sampling methods and briefly describe: Random sampling, systematic sampling, adaptive sampling, or paired sampling 6) T or F Simulations and empirical studies have shown that plot methods are less accurate (bias + precision) than plotless methods in estimation population density. 7) What are two of the four general assumptions about mark-recapture models? 8) When collecting data for measurement of response variables there are three critical points you must follow. Be,, and.

7 9) Match the following terms with their correct definitions. numerical closeness of measurements to a true population parameter unbiased + precision Numerical closeness of measurements to each other A. Precision B. Bias C. Accuracy 10) What are the three levels of biological organization? 11) T or F The following is the correct definition of habitat: Resources and conditions present in an area that produce occupancy (including survival and reproduction) by an organism. 1. What is habitat? 2. What are the three distribution patterns? 3. What is ordinal data? 4. Briefly describe simple random sampling. 5. What are some assumptions of line transect sampling? 6. What is meant by a closed or open population? 7. Which population (closed or open) is more subject to being biased? 8. What would happen that could result in a specimen becoming trap happy? 9. Which of the three methods to regenerate forest stands provides better ruffed grouse habitat? 10. What kind of habitat do brood rearing grouse need? 11. What is GPS? 1. Habitat is organism specific. T or F 2. In a small scale distribution pattern, the environment changes. T or F

8 3. List three habitat components. 4. Define species diversity. 5. List three types of sampling designs. 6. Stratified random sampling occurs within at least three different strata. T or F 7. With distance sampling, it s assumed that detectability of an organism increases as distance increases. T or F 8. Describe the nearest neighbor method of plotless sampling. 9. List two assumptions of mark-recapture models. 10. Trap happy animals are less likely to be recaptured. T or F Choose the Best Answer: 1. Which of the following is NOT considered a level of biological organization? a. individual c. population b. group d. community 2. What is a group of individuals of the same species that have some probability to interact and reproduce (without dispersing)? a. population c. density b. abundance d. distribution 3. What is the term for all woody vegetation > 1.4m in height and < 11.4cm dbh (Forest =100m 2 )? a. biomass c. overstory b. understory d. midstory 4. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the three types of data? a. nominal c. cardinal b. ordinal d. continuous 5. Which of the following is a simple random sample where multiple measurements are taken at each random location? a. simple random sampling c. multi-stage sampling b. cluster sampling d. stratified random sampling 6. What is systematic sampling? a. placement of plots or selection of individuals at a prescribed regular distance or interval b. simple random sampling within > 2 successive levels of randomization

9 c. cluster sampling where there are > 2 successive levels of randomization d. habitat components are measured at an animal location a random direction but fixed distance 7. Which of the following is a plotless method? a. quadrant sampling c. nearest-neighbor b. point counts d. strip transects 8. T/F All recapture methods require recaptures 9. T/F Thermal neutral zone is the temperature where metabolic rate does not change 10. Which governmental department started using GPS in 1973? What is heterogeneity? In clumped distributions, density is A. Underestimated B. Overestimated C. Not estimated Throwing a notebook into a field qualifies as a simple random sampling method True or False Matching Precision Accuracy Bias A. Unbiased and precision B. Numerical closeness of measurements to a true population C. Numerical closeness of measurements to each other What is a landscape? What 4 things must a successful habitat have? What happens in a map projection? Perennial cool season grasses should be planted on forest roads to promote grouse habitat True or False What is a thermal neutral zone(tnz) What 3 types of data are included in GPS 1. What is habitat? 2. What do organisms need for survival and reproduction?

10 3. What are the levels of biological organization? 4. What is the goal of habitat analysis? 5. What are the habitat components that are analyzed? 6. What kind of sampling involves a selection of sampling locations or animals such that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being measured? 7. What kind of sampling involves finding an individual closest to the sampling point and then measuring the distance to another individual of the same species from the first point? 8. What is the goal of mark/recapture method of sampling? 9. What are the 2 data types for GIS? 10. Who is E. Lucy Braun? 1.) Define Habitat 2.) What are the 4 necessary survival and reproduction needs? 3.) Define abiotic & biotic, give examples of each 4.) What level of biological organization does evolution occur? 5.) Define metapopulation 6.) What does the Shannon-Weiner index measure? 7.) List 3 types of data, be able to define each. 8.) What is simple random sampling and why is it important in research? 9.) Name 3 types of sampling designs 10.) Why are plotless sampling methods not desirable when dealing with clumped distributions? 11.) Give the 4 general assumptions associated with mark-recapture methods 1. What are 3 habitat components? 2. Name the 3 kinds of data from GPS. 3.Landscape is the heterogeneous area consisting of habitat and nonhabitat. True or False 4. When comparing 2 communities, the community with the larger H' has the greater or smaller diversity? 5. Which is not a type of habitat analysis data? a. nominal b. ordinal c. lines d. continuous 6. What are the 3 measures of reliability? 7. What type of sampling measures habitat components at an animal location and at a location a random direction, but fixed distance? 8. What assumes probability of capture should not differ among individuals or over time? 9. What are the 2 types of distance sampling? a) line transects and point counts b)strip transects and line transects c) quadrat and point counts d)point counts and strip transects 10. is defined as resources and conditions present in an area that produce occupancy by an organism 1. What was started by the Department of Defense in 1973? 2. T or F Habitat is organism specific.

11 3. List 2 biotic factors of habitat. 4. Habitat components that we measure for research or management are called. 5. What is Distribution? 6. A simple random sample where multiple measurements are taken at each random location is called sampling. 7. T or F T-squared is an example of plot sampling method. 8. List two general assumptions in the mark and recapture model. 9. Who E. Lucy Braun 10. Describe mixed mesophytic forest 1. Name four different types of habitat. 2. Why do we study populations? 3. What are the three most important things you need to know about data when using GPS/GIS? 4. Define species diversity. 5. Name five different types of sampling. 6. T/F In regular distributions density is overestimated. 7. Name two general assumptions of the Mark-Recapture Models. 8. What are the advantages in using the net to capture birds? 9. Name the ideal habitat for grouse. 10. Name the two data types used in GIS. Q1: what is habitat? Q2: with regards to levels of biological organization what is a community? Q3: what are the 3 abiotic response variables? Q4: name 3 types of sampling. Q5: discuss the advantaged and disadvantages of plot and plotless sampling. Q6: what is the goal of the mark and recapture method?

12 Q7: what is Meta data? Q8: what is the advantage and disadvantage of the Have-a-Heart trap? Q9: why are Robel poles not as widely used in the east? Q10: what land characteristics are conducive to a larger grouse population? 1. Define habitat and use it correctly in a sentence? 2. What are hot spots and why are they important to large scale distribution patterns? 3. What is the Shannon Weiner Index used to calculate? 4. Calculate H A for the table below. Community A Abundance What is simple random sample? 6. Give one advantage of cluster sampling over simple random sampling. 7. How are individuals of the same species measured in the T-squared method of plotless design? 8. What are some disadvantages of mark recapture methods of long distance migrating song birds? 9. How does heterogeneity tie in with the equal catchability concept? 10. Name two wild (natural) foods that ruffed grouse favored along the logging roads and foodplot openings. 11. What does GPS and GIS stand for? 12. How is management for ruffed grouse different in the Nantahala National Forest than in the northern areas of its range? 13. What are two political arguments that inhibit the management of grouse in the Nantahala? 1. Habitat is the and present in an area that produce occupancy (including and ) by an. 2. Using the - is a common method of determining species diversity. 3-7.MATCHING Systemic sampling- Paired sampling- Simple Random Sampling-

13 Cluster Sampling- A. A simple Random Sample where multiple measurements are taken at each random location B. The selection of sampling locations or animals such that every individual has an equal chance of being measured. C. Habitat components are measured at an animal location and in a location in a random direction but fixed distance D. Placement of plots or samples at a prescribed regular distance or interval 8. The term is used for a location of concentrated species abundance or diversity. 9. Use the Lincoln-Peterson Model to estimate the following closed population. July 75 individuals captured and marked August-90 ind. Captured ( 50 marked, 40 new) 10. Which is more accurate (bias + precision) in estimating population density, Plot or Plotless sampling? 1.T or F Habitat is not only resources and conditions in an area available to produce occupancy, but is also organism specific. 2.A collection of individuals of the same species that have some probability of interaction and influence is a (an): A. population B. individual C. community D. circus 3.The abiotic, biotic, and spatial structure measured in research and management of habitat are called A.Turbidity B.Understory C.Midstory D.Response Variables 4.T or F Multi-Stage sampling involves greater than 2 levels of successive randomization 5.T or F In distance sampling, detectability of an organism increases as distance from the transect increases.

14 6.In mark and recapture sampling models, trapping effort should always over time. A. increase B. decrease C. remain constant 7.T or F The tree types of stand regeneration used in Ben Jones ruffed grouse are shelterwood, two age, and group selection. 8.The best method for terrestrial insect collection is a A. sheet B. Plastic suit C. D-Vac D. Butterfly net 9. T or F Habitat types is best described as the type of vegetation associated with that area or climax 10.T or F. Landscapes should never be defined in an organisms perception 1. Define Habitat. 2. Define GIS. 3. Define GPS. 4. Explain how GPS is integrated with GIS for use in habitat analysis. 5. Define what a landscape is. 6. What are response variables, list some examples. 7. What are the 8 steps involved in habitat analysis? 8. What are four general sampling methods 9. What are two different mark-recapture sampling methods? 10. Describe the mixed mesophytic forest. 11. What are two ways to collect invertebrates (demonstrated in lab)? 12. What are mist nets? What are they used for? 13. Who was E. Lucy Braun?

15 1. The ability of the environment to provide conditions sufficient for survival and reproduction is? a) habitat quality b) habitat availability c) habitat productiveness d) habitat suitability 2. In a clumped distribution pattern locations have a(n) equal / unequal probability. 3. A sample where all individuals in the population have equal probability of being selected is called what? 4. The selection of sampling locations or animals such that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being measured is called? 5. Plotless methods are recommended only when individuals show distribution and individual spacing (e.g., >20 m) prevents detection in randomly or systematically placed plots. a) clumped b) regular c) random d) ridiculous 6. List two of the four general assumptions for the mark-recapture methods. 7. Name two methods of regeneration that benefit the ruffed-grouse. 8. When talking about GPS systems no degradation of the time signal is called? 9. Groups of populations that interact via dispersal are called? 10. Habitat components that we measure for management or research are called? 1. What is Habitat Q- What are the five components that make up a habitat? Tell which ones are biotic and abiotic. 2. GPS and GIS Q- What are the two GIS data types? 3. Populations and Landscapes Q- What are the differences between the three different types of distribution patterns? 4. Intro to Habitat Analysis Q- List the steps to Habitat Analysis 5. Sampling Designs Q- What kind of sampling has greater than or equal to 2 successive levels of randomization? 6. General sampling techniques Q-Describe the differences between plot and plotless methods 7. Mark-Recapture Methods

16 Q- What are the 4 general assumptions of Mark-Recapture Models? 8. Nantahala and Ruffed Grouse Management Q- What are the two major forest management challenges? 9. Plant, Invert., and Herp Sampling Q- What is the advantage of using a d-vac to collect invertebrates rather than using a net? 10. Bird, Mammal, and Weather Sampling Q- Name one type of live trap that was used to catch rodents. 1. What is the definition of thermal neutral zone (TNZ)? 2. What is the definition of habitat selection? 3. What are three levels of biological organization? 4. What is map projection? 5. What are three types of distribution patterns? 6. What is definition of species diversity? 7. Name eight sampling designs. 8. When is the only time that plotless methods are recommended? 9. What are the general assumptions associated with mark-recapture methods? 10. Ruffed grouse were severely affected by the loss of what species? 1. What is the definition of habitat? 2. List the basic survival and reproduction needs for organisms. 3. What are three types of projections used in GPS? 4. What is the definition of population? 5. What is a metapopulation? 6. Name three types of data. 7. What is the definition of simple random sampling? 8. Give two examples for area sampling, distance sampling, and plotless sampling. 9. What is the goal of mark-recapture method? 10. Ruffed grouse found south of the aspen forests of the Great Lakes region depend heavily on? 1. What four things do organisms need? 2. Does GPS send a. time, b. coordinates, c. data, d. pizzas 3. What is the definition of a habitat? 4. What are the three levels of biological organization? 5. What is a response variable, give two examples, one abiotic, and one biotic 6. What are the three types of data? 7. Name two types of measurement error. 8. What is accuracy? 9. What is every map projection a compromise of? 10. T/F Non-habitat is also referred to as interpatch matrix 1. Name the 2 factors that are the components of habitat?

17 2. Plotting a point of GPS, can be in two or three-dimensional, a two-dimensional point involves what x and y coordinates, and what is the z coordinate in a 3 dimensional point? 3. What are the three basic levels of organization with respect to the management? 4. What are the five categories of biotic response variables? 5. Define a simple random sample? 6. In plot less methods of sampling, you find the closest individual to the sampling point, and then you take the next measurement to what? 7. In mark- recapture designs, that are randomly stratified, what are the two methods called? 8. What is a benefit of shelter wood forest management techniques? 9. What types of terrestrial invertebrate sampling uses suction? 10. Name the methods of amphibian capture techniques? 1) Habitat supports ONLY the biotic factors specific to an organism True False 2) Grid-based layering data is called data? 3) Two components of landscape structure are: a) Spatial positioning and geometric complexity b) Heterogenous and homogeneous c) High abundance and high diversity 4) A is a habitat component that is measured for management or research. 5) The cluster sampling design uses one randomization with multiple measurements that are averaged. TRUE FALSE 6) A sampling technique that uses perpendicular distance from the transect route to the sited individual is called: a) Strip transect b) Line transect c) Point-centered quarter 7) Mark-recapture methods estimate population size by examining individuals caught in each capture period as an indicator of proportionality. TRUE FALSE 8) The main vegetation type for ruffed grouse in its northern region is: a) Hemlock b) Mixed conifers c) Aspen 9) A common method for herpetofaunal sampling is: a) Sherman trapping b) Pitfall trapping c) havahart 10) What aspect of weather renders mist netting less effective? a) Wind b) High barometric pressure c) rain.