Geographic Information Systems and Science: Today and Tomorrow. Michael F. Goodchild University of California Santa Barbara

Transcription

1 Geographic Information Systems and Science: Today and Tomorrow Michael F. Goodchild University of California Santa Barbara

2 Geospatial technologies Positioning on the Earth s surface GPS, RFID Acquisition systems remote sensing volunteered geographic information Data dissemination geoportals virtual globes Analysis searching for patterns and anomalies testing hypotheses, modeling change

3 Positioning technologies Navigation sextant chronometer

4 Positioning technologies Surveying measurement with respect to a known point tape, compass, clinometer GPS, Galileo accurate timing of signals from satellites easily incorporated into mobile devices

5

6 Dynamic geographic information Live feed to desktop, laptop, mobile phone integrated with other map data

7

8

9

10 Pacific Rim Trade - LA/LB ports 2002 = 10 million TEU containers 2003 = 11.8 million TEU containers 2004 = 13 million TEU containers 2005 = 14,194,442 TEU containers 2006 = estimated 8% growth Destination estimates? 50% Intermodal train (21% on-dock rail from ship) 50% Local distribution warehouses for local consumption and outbound distribution On-dock rail containers move from ship to train instead of being trucked to the rail ramps 23% In Los Angeles 27% in Long Beach Combined 1.5 million containers in 2005! This reduces the dwell time on dock and the amount of gate and yard transactions for the marine terminal further reducing yard congestion

11

12 L002: Port terminals

13 L002: LA Basin, 4 months

14 RFID Radio frequency identification scanning without the laser active or passive Tracking of objects goods from production to retail display to sale construction materials pets, livestock, children, parolees

15

16

17 NYC Office of Emergency Management and NY Office of Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure Coordination

18 Street Images + Extraction + Annotation 360 Panoramic + Ad Annotation

19

20

21

22

23 Neogeography A breaking down of the traditional barriers between expert and non-expert The engagement of thousands of individuals in the production of geographic information

24

25

26

27

28 Andrew Curtis, Department of Geography, Louisiana State University

29 1. Google Earth image map of London from David Rumsey collection 3. Pump and death locations from my own web site

30

31 Multiple attribution Shapes ESRI ~~~ USGS Names D aowaga Lake Tahoe Sierra Lake Types +Water Body Plate carre -Lake - Reservoir

32

33 Analysis Mining spatial data for patterns and anomalies Making inferences about disease prevalence and transmission Testing hypotheses about cause

34 Source: Mason et al., Atlas of Cancer Mortality for U.S. Counties, NCI, 1975

35

36

37 Geographic information science The science behind the systems The fundamental issues raised by the technologies The principles implemented in the technologies

38 Major discoveries in GIScience Theories of representation discrete objects and continuous fields object fields, metamaps unification Models of uncertainty error propagation downscaling Principles of spatial cognition Theories of the geographic world spatial dependence, spatial heterogeneity

39 Future prospects Knowing where everything is (at all times) every mobile phone every vehicle every farm animal every item in a store every construction beam every asset for emergency response every victim of a disaster Representation of 3D structures and positioning inside them extending navigation to indoors

40 The role of the citizen Placenames, streets, social characteristics Early notification of change Early reports of damage from a disaster Both producer and consumer of geographic information The local expert

41 Access Systems that are easy to use, open to all A technology of design simulations of future landscapes evaluation of the effects of natural processes and human actions

42 A technology of dynamics Real-time, continuous monitoring The state of the world at all times the state of the transportation network the state of human health the state of the environment Sensor networks static carried on moving objects humans as sensors

43 The grand challenges of GIScience Representing the full range of conditions and phenomena on a dynamic Earth 4D, unary and binary Providing simulations of real processes that are indistinguishable from reality Managing the flow of data from a host of sensors Communicating knowledge of abstract phenomena and uncertainty to the non-expert user Capturing the local geographic knowledge of citizens Making it possible to search efficiently over a distributed, global data resource Preserving what we know about the geographic world for future generations

44 Concluding points A rapidly expanding area of technology Raising some fundamental questions presenting some grand scientific challenges Prompting a rethinking of how we educate