LOWER VANSADHARA PROEJCT, STAGE I, ODISHA DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SECTION 1

Transcription

1 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I LOWER VANSADHARA PROEJCT, STAGE I, ODISHA DETAILED PROJECT REPORT SECTION CHECK LIST NAME OF THE PROJECT : LOWER VANSDHARA PROJECT, STAGE-I. LOCATION: Dam on Sana Nadi River near Village Khaira and Barrage on Vansadhara River near Panidangar. a) State (s) : Odisha b) District (s) : Rayagada c) Taluka (s) / Tahasil (s) : Gudari, Ramanaguda, Gumuda, Gunupur, Kashinagar, Paralekhemundi CATEGORY OF THE PROJECT a) Irrigation or Multipurpose : Irrigation b) Storage or Diversion : Storage Check List i

2 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I SL. No. Item : Reference 1 2 : 3 NAME OF THE PROJECT : LOWER VANSDHARA PROJECT, STAGE - I PLANNING : 1. Has the Master Plan for overall development of the river basin been : Yes prepared and stages of basin development discussed briefly? 2. Have the alternative proposals been : Yes studied and their merits and demerits discussed 3. Does the scheme fit in the overall : Yes development of the river basin and its priority in the overall development of the basin 4. Are there any features which are not : No likely to fit in the overall development of the basin? Have the other departments concerned with the development been informed? 5. Is the present scheme proposed to be : Yes executed in stages? If so, are its various stages of execution and development discussed in the report? 6. Are the effect of the scheme on the riparian rights existing upstream and downstream projects etc. discussed : Yes INTERSTAT AND INTERNATIONS ASPECTS 7. Are there any international/interstate : Refer Chapter -3 issue involved if so, have these issues been identified and present status of agreement indicated specially in respect of:- a) Sharing of water : Yes b) Sharing cost : NA c) Sharing of benefits : NA d) Acceptance of the submergence : NA by the upstream state(s) e) Compensation of Land coming : NA under submergence. f) Settlement of oustees : NA g) Any other : NA Note: - If there no agreement, state the present position against each item above. SURVEYS Check List ii

3 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I 8. Have the detailed topographical : Refer Chapter -4 (Survey and Investigation) surveys have been carried out for the following items and maps prepared as per prescribed scales? (Refer Annexure-1) a) River surveys : Yes b) Reservoir surveys : Yes c) Head works surveys (Dykes, : Yes Barrage, weirs etc. and auxiliary components) d) Plant site and colonies : Yes e) Canals, branch canals and water : Yes conductor systems f) Major canal structure : Yes g) Power house, Switchyard Surge : NA shafts tail race. h) Tunnel (s), adits, penstocks etc. : NA i) Surveys (detailed and sample) of : Yes areas of the command for OFD and drainage works. j) Soil surveys : Yes k) Surveys for soil conservation : NA l) Any other surveys i.e. : NA Archeological right of way communication etc. GEOLOGY 9. Have the geological surveys for the following items been carried out (Refer chapter 4 and Attachment I and report on geology appended.) a) Regional geology (available from : Yes geohydrological report). b) Reservoir : Yes c) Head works and energy dissipation : Yes area d) Power house and appurtenances : NA e) Intake and regulators : Yes f) Major canal regulators : Yes g) Tunnel(s), penstock hill etc. : NA h) Communication routes : No i) Any other : No 10 a) Has the seismicity of the region been studied and co-efficient of vertical / horizontal acceleration for the various structures discussed? : (Refer Chapter-4 (Survey and Investigation) and Chapter-6 and report on Geology appended) : No Check List iii

4 b) Has the approval of the standing committee for recommending design of seismic co-efficient for river valley project been obtained? FOUNDTION INVESTIGATIONS : 11. Have the detailed foundation investigations including insitu tests and laboratory for the following structures been carried out (refer chapter 4 and Attachment- I) and detailed project report (s) appended? a) Earth and rock fill dam/barrage / weir etc. b) Masonary/concrete dam/ barrage / : No Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I (Refer Chapter-4 (Survey and Investigation) and Chapter-6 and report on Geology appended) : Yes : Yes weir etc. c) Canal : NA d) Power house, tunnel(s) / canal : NA e) Any other : NA 12. Any other special features affecting : No the designs? MATERIAL SURVEYS : 13. Have the surveys and laboratory tests : Yes for the following construction materials been carried out (Refer chapter- 4 and Attachment - I and report(s) appended)? a) Soils for impervious semi-pervious : Yes and pervious zones of earth dam. b) Land : Yes c) Rock and aggregate : Yes d) Brick and tiles : NA e) Puzzolana : NA f) Cement & limestones NA g) Steel : NA h) Other scarce materials : NA i) Any other : NA 14. Have the sources for each of above materials been identified and need etc. indicated? 15. Have the proposal for procurement of scarce materials been indicated : Yes : No Check List iv

5 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS: 16. Have the hydrological and : No Meteorological investigations been carried out and status to date discussed in report? a) Rainfall b) Gauge c) Discharge d) Sediment e) Water quality f) Evaporation & whether the above data has been appended HYDROLOGY : Refer Chapter 5, Hydrology 17. Is the hydrology dealt with in detail in : No a separate volume (attached as appendix III)? a) Have the brief details been : NA included in the report? b) Is an index map and barchart : No showing locations of various hydrometric, climatic and rainfall stations and the data availability at those stations been attached? c) Are brief notes about quality : Yes consistency processing and gap filling of the data included? 18. Have hydrological studies been carried out for the following a) To establish the availability of : Yes water for the benefits envisaged. b) To determine design flood for the : Yes various structures (spillway, weir, barrage etc.) 19. Have the analysis for the water flows, Yes sediment flows, evaporation and command area rainfall been discussed? 20. Have the studies regarding reservoir : Yes sedimentation been carried out and revised elevation area capacity curves been used in the simulation studies (working table)?. 21. Have the other requirements such as Yes low flow augmentation, water quality control etc. been included in the project report and incorporated in the simulation studies? Check List v

6 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I 22. a) Have the details of the simulation : Yes (working tables) and conclusion arrived from the various alternatives explaining the factors and assumptions been included and discussed? c) Have the number of failures for : Yes different aspects been indicated 23 Have the likely desirable and : No undesirable changes in the hydrological regime due to the project been brought out in the report? 24. Is the criteria adopted for selection of Yes the constructions diversion flood discussed? 25. Is the basis for fixing up the storage : Yes discussed? 26. Have the flood routing studies been : Yes carried out? 27. Have the back water studies been : No carried out? LAND ACQUSITION AND RESETTLEMENT OF OUSTEES: 28. Have the type and quantum of land : No proposed to be acquired in the submerged area, project area, area coming under canal distribution system area required for rehabilitation of the oustees been detailed? 29. Is the basis for provision for land : No acquisition indicated? 30. Have the rehabilitation measures : No amenities and facilities to be provided to the oustees been discussed specially for the oustees from the upstream status? 31. Are the basis of land acquisition for : No the submerged area upto FRL / MWL etc. discussed? DESIGN: Refer Chapter 7, Design Features and 32. Has the final location of the head works and appurtenance, in preference to the other sites investigated, been discussed? 33. Has the layout of the project area viz. location of head works, work-shop sheds, offices, colonies etc. been Criteria : No : No Check List vi

7 finalized and discussed? 34. Has the layout of the various major Yes components of head works been discussed in the light of site feature geology and foundation characteristics etc.? 35. Have the designs been prepared for the following components and appended in chapters? a) Earth or rockfill dam masonary or : Yes concrete dam spillway, barrage, weir and appurtenances. b) Energy dissipation arrangements, : Yes training walls etc. c) Opening through dam-galleries : Yes head regulators penstocks other outlets sluice etc. d) Regulators : Yes e) Canals and water conductor system : Yes f) Canals structures : Yes g) Power house, tunnels, surge shaft : No h) Instruments : No 36. Have the assumptions made in the : Yes design of above components of the project been indicated and basis of assumption discussed? 37. Have any model studies been carried : NA(DPR stage only) out for location of the dam, spillway and other appurtenances checking the design profile of the spillway, energy dissipation arrangements location of outlets / regulators etc? 38. Has the final alignment of canal(s) and Yes branch canal (s) been discussed in the various alignments studied? a) Does the canal design provide for Yes meeting requirements of rush irrigation? b) Have any intermediate storage and : No tail tanks been considered to reduce the canal capacities 39. Is the canal and distribution system being lined and if so, what is the minimum capacity of the channel proposed to be lined? 40. Is the location of canal structure on : Yes Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I : Main canal is Unlined and Distribution system is lined. Check List vii

8 main and branch canals fixed after detailed survey of the final alignment? 41. Are the regulation arrangements of the : Yes off-taking channel both near and away from the cross regulators discussed? 42. Are sufficient escape including : Yes terminal, escapes provided on the main/branch canal / distributories/ minors? 43. Have the basis for adopting water way : Yes for the cross drainage works been discussed? 44. Have the proposals for rating the canal : Yes section by providing standing wave flumes, rating of the falls, broad crested weirs, V-Notches etc. been discussed for the canal and distribution system? 45. Has any model studies for major canal : No structure (s) been carried out and if, so are the results discussed and incorporated in the design? IRRIGATION AND COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT 46. Have the conveyance and field Yes irrigation efficiencies for paddy and up land crops during Kharif, Rabi etc. been indicated, discussed and justified? 47. Have the weekly/fort nightly crop Yes requirements at the canals worked out? 48. Are there any proposals for No introducing warabandi and if so have these proposals been discussed in the report and sample calculations for a typical distributiory / Minor / Subminor furnished? 49. Has the present position of irrigation in Yes the command through existing canals, tanks, lift schemes wells, etc. been brought in the report. 50. Are the Particulars for minor projects No existing /in the command been indicated? 51. Are there potential areas, indicating the No potential where ground water is available, If so, has the quality of the ground water been indicated Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I Check List viii

9 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I 52. Has the quantum of available ground water been assessed indicating the basis for conjunctive use with surface water discussed? 53. Have the Semi - detailed soil surveys been carried out for the entire command and soil and land irrigability classifications brought out in the report? 54. Is the method used for determining the crop water requirements discussed? 55. Has the project cropping pattern and justification for the proposed cropping pattern been furnished? 56. Are the areas and percentage of the C.C.A. that will be irrigated during Kharif, Rabi, Two seasonal, Summer and perennial been indicated? 57. Is Justification furnished for irrigating perennials and summer crops from the reservoir? 58. Have the monthly reservoir operation studies been carried out at least for 20 years and summary on annual basis attached? 59. Have the number of blocks selected for detailed surveys for on farm development (OFD) works including drainage and total area covered by such blocks been indicated? 60. Have the existing location of the (Trial cum Demonstration Farm) inputs centres (seeds fertilizer and insecticides) in the command been indicated and proposal to strengthening the same discussed? 61. Have the arrangements for financing the OFD works and proposals for strengthening the same been discussed? 62. Have the agencies responsible for execution of OFD works been identified and simultaneous planning of execution of OFD works alongwith engineering works discussed? 63. Has the yearwise phasing of Irrigation development as result of the project No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Check List ix

10 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I discussed? 64. Is the existing communication system within command area sufficient to meet the requirement after full development of irrigation? 65. If not, have the new proposals been planned and discussed? Is the adequacy of the marketing centers in the command area and new proposals to meet the requirements after full development of irrigation been discussed? FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE 66. Have the various flood control components of the multipurpose project been indicated? 67. Have the drainage areas been identified and flood intensities worked out at each of the drainage centre which gets affected? 68. Have the following aspects been discussed? a) Flood cushion in the reservoir. b) Maximum moderated flood out flows over the spillway etc. and its frequency. c) Safe carrying capacities of the channel below the dam existing and after construction of flood embankment channel improvement, river diversion. d) Syncronized moderated peak flood due to release(s) from the dam upstream and unintercepted catchment upto the drainage centre. e) Average annual expenditure incurred on flood relief works. Yes NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Check List x

11 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I f) Area and population affected likely to be affected before/after the project. NA g) Estimated saving in annual loss of life, property, cattle, crops, etc. (evaluated in terms of money) due to flood control 69. Have the following aspects of drainage been discussed? a) Surface and sub-surface drain-age problems of the command area with detailed studies on sub-soil water table. 70 to 78 b) Maximum intensity of 1,2 and 3 day rainfall. NA NA NA c) Deficiencies in farm drains. NA d) Deficiencies in existing natural NA drains. e) Proposal for improvement of NA drainage water logging of the area with criteria. f) Identification of the area in NA command which will get benefited due to execution of drainage net work and benefits, thereof in terms of relief from crop damage, increased yields etc. Navigation NA 79. Power NA Check List xi

12 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME AND PLANT AND MAN POWER PLANNING 80. Are the major components of work Through Contract proposed to be done departmentally or through contractor? Have the various alternative for Yes construction programme been studied and proper justification furnished for the final programme adopted? Has the proposed construction Yes programme been prepared and syncronized for timely completion of each of the major component of work including command area development. Have the yearwise quantities of the following materials of construction been worked out for various components of the project. a) Excavation-soft and hard strata. Yes b) Earth work in filling Yes imprevious, pervious and semipervious. c) Rockfill dam toe, riprap etc. NA d) Stone for masonary NA e) Course aggregate concrete. Yes f) Sand filter masonry concrete. No g) Gravel fitter No h) Steel of various sizes and types of Yes reinforcement. i) Cement normal slow setting No without puzzolana. j) Lime surkhi-puzzolana. No k) Scarce material special steel. No l) Other material fuel electricity No Have the yearwise quantities to be Yes executed by machine/labour for each of the major component been worked out for each of the above material? Have the labour intensive items of the ` Yes venous major components of the project been identified and the quantities of such items worked out Have the details of the plant and No machinery, spares, instruments scarce materials to be imported worked out Check List xii

13 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I and itemwise justified? Has the phasing of imports and No source(s) of import been discussed itemwise. Are the imports under foreign Internal No resources to be affected grants/credits or of the country. FINANCIAL RESOURCES Refer Chap-19 No a) Has the concurrence of the finance department has been obtained? b) Whether the scheme has already No been started? If so, is the present stage of construction indicated? Is the scheme included in the plan? If No, May be included in Year not, what is the present position regarding including in the plan? Have the yearwise requirement of Yes fund been indicated Is the scheme covered under state State sector or Central sector? Is the scheme covered under any No foreign assistance / aid agreement? ESTIMATE: Refer Chap-18 of Vol-I or Vol-II Is the separate volume of estimated No attached as appendix? Is the year to which the rates adopted Yes in the estimate indicated? Have the analysis of rates for various Yes major items of works or the major components of the project been furnished with basis for analysis? Are the provisions for the following Yes items made on the basis of sample survey and sub estimate a) Distributories, Minors and subminors. Yes b) Water course Yes c) Drainage No Are the basis for the following No sources of revenue furnished? a) Betterment levy and proposal for its recovery. b) Irrigation cess. c) Crop protection cess d) Cropwise water rates Check List xiii

14 e) Sale of water for village water supply f) Miscellaneous Have these rates been compared with NA the existing rates at the other projects in the state region? In case the rates are being enhanced NA has the concurrence of the concerned department (s) been obtained? Have the organizational set up for the NA collection of revenue been indicated? BENEFIT COST RATIO Refer: Chapter 21 Are the allocated cost for following NA components of multipurpose project worked and basis furnished? a) Irrigation b) Power c) Flood control d) Navigation e) Water supply f) Any other Have the various departments state NA agreed to the sharing of the above allocated cost? Have the cropwise benefits been Yes worked out for irrigated and unirrigated crop being grown before project in consultation with the agriculture department and statement furnished? Have the cropwise benefits been Yes worked out for the proposed cropping pattern after the introduction of irrigation in consultation with agriculture department and statement furnished? Is the B.C. ratio of irrigation projects Yes acceptable or otherwise justified? 107 Is the B.C. ratio for flood control : NA projects acceptable or otherwise justified? 108 Have the following financial return : statements been furnished keeping in view the phasing of development? a) Irrigation Yes Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I Check List xiv

15 b) Power NA 109 Are the benefits other then considered : NA in the B.C. Ratio and financial return statement been justified ECOLOGICAL ASPECT Refer: Chap a) Is the area likely to have any of : No the following environmental and ecological problems due to the altered surface water pattern and preventive measures discussed i) Excessive sedimentation of the : No reservoir. ii) Waterlogging No iii) Increase in salinity of the ground : No water iv) Ground water recharge : Yes v) Health hazard water borne disease, : No industrial pollution etc. vi) Submergence of important No minerals. vii) Submergence of monuments No viii) Fish culture and aquatic life. Yes ix) Plant life forests Yes x) Life of migratory birds No xi) National park and sanctuaries. No xii) Seismicity due to filling of No reservoir. xiii) Any other No b) Has the concurrence of the No Environmental appraisal committee been obtained? COLONIES AND BUILDINGS 111. Has the planning of the No colony building been done keeping in view the ultimate use for optimum utilization to the investment? 112. Has an estimate of higher cost made No and details of the extent involved been discussed? 113. Are the permanent buildings being Yes constructed required for maintenance of the project only? 114. Can the building other than required Yes for maintenance of the project being constructed be put to some other use at the completion of the project by the Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I Check List xv

16 Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I department or any other agencies? 115. Have the interested been consulted in of the buildings to requirement later on? 116. Have the proposal of temporary Yes Yes buildings discussed? 117. Are the possibilities of these been discussed in a) planning Yes b) Construction Yes c) Improved agricultural practices No d) Any other No SOIL CONSERVATION 118. Is the need for soil conservation measures in the catchment of the project discussed? No Check List xvi

17 LOWER VANSADHARA PROJECT, STAGE-I (POINT WISE REPLY /CLARIFICATION RAISED BY THE STATE GOVT. ON THE FEASIBILITY REPORT ) Compliances to the observations of CWC Comments Yield study: 1.The index map showing catchment area, project location, rain gauge stations etc. may be given in the report Reference Letter No & Date of CWC CWC Lr No 1851 dated (Hydrology) 2. Both Internal (mass curve, F & T tests etc.) and external consistency of the observed data may be checked before using the same in the analysis. The consistency of G & D data may be checked with the catchment rainfall. 3. The water avaibality analysis have been carried out based on residual flows observed at Kashi Nagar G & D sites. Residual flows have been transferred to project sites in the catchment area proposed. 4. Interstate aspects may be got examine in the ISM Directorate, CWC. 5. The catchment area of Kashinagar G & D sites is quiet large as compared to catchment area up to project locations and therefore it may not be appropriate to use catchment pro rata basis for yield transfer. It is suggested to develop rainfall runoff models at Kashinagar G & D sites or other suitable location and derive yield series at Project locations using rainfall runoff models and project specific weighted average rainfall. Compliances The Index map showing the catchment area, project location, rain gauge stations, G & D sites are now furnished in the DPR The internal & external consistency of the observed data have been checked before they are used in the analysis. The details pertaining to these checks have been incorporated in the DPR. Further, the consistency of run-off at the gauging stations have been checked with the corresponding catchment rainfall. The flows measured at Kashinagar G & D sites is actually taking into consideration all the utilisations taking place in the u/s. Therefore, these flows reduced pro-rata to the project catchment is the most conservative value and may pleasebe accepted. Further, while carrying out the simulation studies the planned utilisations proposed in the areas u/s of the projects have been given due consideration. In this context it is further clarified that catchment area below the proposed Upper Vanshadhara project up to the Barrage only has been considered for assessing the water availability at the Barrage site. The Interstate matters have been got examined by ISM Directorate. The rain fall run-off co-relation analysis carried out jointly by Andhra Pradesh and Odisha under the guidance of CWC using observed data and corresponding rainfall at Kashinagar have been referred and the net flow at the project site for the monsoon months have been worked out using the same rainfall run-off relationship developed at Kashi Nagar. These are fairly agreement with the flow series adopted in the DPR. The net flow series

18 adopted in the DPR is very much on the conservative side and hence it is requested the series may please be approved 5. It is suggested to establish G & D sites at the Project locations at the earliest. The suggestion of CWC is noted. Action is being initiated by project Authority to establish hydrological observation station at the projectsites and verification of hydrological parameters would be done before the construction stage. Design Flood Study: 1.In the absence of observed short interval rainfall- runoff data, the unit hydrograph for Sanandi Dam has been derived synthetically and same appears to be in order. However, project authorities are suggested to collect short interval rainfall-runoff data for storm events for validating the unit hydrograph adopted in the study. 2) The observed flood peak data as available at kashinagar G& D site has been used to carry out the flood frequency analysis for computing the design flood at proposed barrage site. The catchment area of Kashinagar G&D site and proposed barrage site are significantly different. It is suggested to use Hydrometeorological approach also for working out100 years return period flood(design flood) and SPF (Check flood) at barrage site. 3) The PMP value has been taken from PMP atlas for Mahanadi and adjoining river basins as data base of PMP atlas is quite old, it is suggested to carry out project specific storm studies for estimating the design storm value for the project. As per CWC observation the unit hydrograph at the project site will be developed based on project specific data to have a check over the Unit Hydrograph developed synthetically now before the construction stage. As suggested now the design flood studies for the barrage has been carried out by adopting hydro metrological approach. The Standard Project Flood (SPF) worked out accordingly is 11000cumecs. The details of the studies have been suitably incorporated in the chapter on hydrology in the DPR. The Probable Maximum Storm Studies for the Sana Nadi Dam Catchment has been reviewed andit could be seen the PMP value adopted is reasonable and quitein order. Hence, the study has been retained. It is requested that the studies as done may please be approved. Sedimentation: The adopted sedimentation of rate 6 ha-m/100sq.km/year and assessments of zero elevations of and m after 50 year and 100 year respectively appears to be in order. The Sedimentation studies carried out at the feasibility stage has been accepted and therefore the same has been retained in the DPR.

19 A water dispute in terms of provisions of Inter-State River Water. Disputes Act, 1956 was raised by Govt. of Orissa in 2006 and following the procedure in the said Act, a Vamsadhara Water Disputes Tribunal has been constituted by MIO Water Resources, ' Govt. of India in 2010 and water disputes raised by Goy[of Orissa has been referred to the Tribunal for adjudication. In this context, it is to mention here. that MoWR issued guidelines in January, 2006 for gi v ing techno-economic clearance to Projects in a basin where an Inter-State Water Disputes tribunal has been constituted to examine inter-state allocation of water and related issues in abasin. These are given below The state Government is making effort to reach an agreement between the co-basins state namely Andhra Pradesh to allow Odisha to take up Lower Vansadhara Project. Intimation to this effect would be furnished to the Tribunal for their concurrence. i) That in a basin where a Tribunal has been constituted for the first time for examining issues relating to inter-state allocation of water, CWC shall not consider its techno-economic clearance except with prior consent of Tribunal concerned ii). Techno-economic and investment clearance could however be considered for those projects; for which an agreement is reached among co-basin States under intimation to the Tribunal. However, neither any agreement an1ong the co-basin States under intimation to the Tribunal nor prior consent of Tribunal is attached with the report in Chapter-3 of Feasibility Report of Lower Vansadhara Project Stage-I. ln view of above, the project cannot be considered for clearance from

20 Reference Letter No & Date of CWC CWC Lr No 12/167/2012-PA (S)/794 dated (Irrigation Management) Comments 1. The total water requirement for irrigation has been assessed as 267.Gotvlcum to provide annual irrigation to an area of 298 I 3ha.The average delta thus comes out about which is acceptable for feasibility report. The crop water requirement; may however be done by using Modified Penman Method at DPR stage. 2. The provision for drinking water requirement as well as industrial demand under the project has not been made. It is suggested that provision for the same may be made at the DPR stage for the projected demand of at least 25 to 30 years. 3. The evaporation losses have to be quantified and included in the total demand at DPR stage for the projected demand of at least 25 to 30 years. 4. In the irrigation planning chapter under conclusions para, it is mentioned that, in order to successfully meet the requirement of Rabi crops, it would be necessary either to make conjunctive use of ground water or Sana Darn height and Vansadhara Barrage height is increased in such a way so as to store additional 20MCM and 10MCM respectively. It is suggested that possibility for conjunctive u se of groundwater along with surface water may be explored in consultation with State groundwater Board/CGWB and the same may be considered at the time of preparation of DPR. 5. The 75 % dependable yield at Sananadi dam site has been repo1ied as l 78.46Mcum (13.85 TMC). The proposed utilization under LMC command ( MCM) is more than the reported 75% dependable yield. Further, the water availability/net 75% dependable yield at proposed Barrage site on Vansadhara River has not been mentioned. The same needs to be established for providing irrigation to the comma nd through right main canal. The net water availability for the project, (after deducting the water demands for U/S &D/S projects and any other reservations including UIS utilization - under proposal of stage-ii mentioned in the report) at proposed Dam site on. Compliances As suggested the crop water requirement has now been calculated using modified PANMAN method and incorporated in the DPR. The provision for drinking water and industrial water requirement has now been made as suggested. The evaporation losses have been quantified and included in the total demand as suggested. The conjunctive use of ground water along with surface water is proposed for meeting the requirement under the project. The availability of ground water in the command has been confirmed. 75% dependable yield at the barrage site on Vansadhara river has been given in the DPR. 75% dependable yield at the barrage site is MCM.

21 Sananadiriver and at proposed Barrage site on Vansadharariver may be got approved from the Hydrology Directorate of CWC. 6. The project is planned to utilize the water from Vansadhara Basin which is an [nter State River Basin between Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. The views of ISM Di rectorate of CV/C rriay be obtained from the interstate angle in respect of water availability and its proposed utilization under the project. The ISM Directorate has been requested for clearing the project from interstate angle and effort by the project authority as suggested by ISM Directorate to get the concurrence from the cobasin states namely Andhra Pradesh is being done by the project authority.

22 LOWER VANSADHARA PROJECT, ODISHA (POINT WISE REPLY /CLARIFICATION RAISED BY THE STATE GOVT. ON THE DPR ) Comments Index Map 1) The main river Vansadhara and its network of tributaries and other streams 2) Catchment area at Sana NadiDam site and Lower Vansadhara Barrage site 3) Reservoir area of Sana Nadi Dam and Pond Area of Lower vansadhara Barrage 4) Command Area served by Sana Nadi Dam and Lower Vansadhara Barrage 5) Alignment of main canal and out fall points in the nearest streams. 6) Location of G& D site and other important features. Pond Level Pond level of the barrage is indicated as 127m in the drawing, whereas in the salient features and working tables, the pond level is indicated as 128m. The correct pond level is to be mentioned. Water Availability The water availability at Lower Vansadhara barrage site is considered on proportionate catchment area basis from the observed flow data at CWC G&D site at Kashinagar on 10-daily basis and is appended at Annexure-5.7. As per CWC guide lines, barrage operation tables should also have been prepared on the basis of 10-daily flows. Barrage Operation tables It is seen that Operation tables for barrage are prepared on monthly basis as is done reservoir projects (refer annexure-8.2). Is it acceptable to CWC? As per CWC guide lines, operation tables for barrage are to be prepared on 10- daily basis (refer page 76 of CWC guide lines 2010). Water availability The water availability at Sana Nadi dam site is derived on proportionate catchment area basis from Reply The map showing the details such as main river with its network, catchment area of projects, reservoir area of Sana Nadi and Pond area of Lower Vansadhara Project, Command areas of the project, Alignment of main canal and their outfall points and location of G&D sites and other important features are already available in the drawing vol. of the DPR, however an Index map showing the above details as sought is enclosed. The pond level of barrage is 128 m accordingly correction is made in the drawing. Since the working table has been prepared taking both Sana Nadi dam & barrage & there is a storage in the Sana Nadi dam, time unit has been taken as one month. Since the working table has been prepared taking both Sana Nadi dam & barrage & there is a storage in the Sana Nadi dam, time unit has been taken as one month.

23 the observed flow data at CWC G&D site at Kashinagar on monthly basis and is said to have been appended at annexure-5.6 but not appended to the report. Instead annexure-5.7 is repeated. It is not clear whether 10% of available flows for upstream utilization and 10% of flows for downstream utilization have been earmarked as per guide lines of CWC in arriving at the net available flows. Ideally, Rainfall-Runoff models should have been developed between the observed runoff and weighted catchment rainfall either at Gunupur or at Kashinagar sites for the monsoon months (June-October) (Please refer comments of CWC vide letter no dated at page-2, item-v). These models should have been used to generate the yield series at Sana Nadi dam site during monsoon months. In fact, R-R models have been developed at Kashinagar G&D site by CWC during the yield studies of Vansadhara river jointly done by Govt. of Andhra Pradesh and Odisha under the guidance of CWC during These models can be used for generating yield series in monsoon months (June to October) using the catchment weighted rainfall att Sana Nadi dam site. The flows during non-monsoon months (November to May) at Sana Nadi dam site should have been considered from the observed flows during non-monsoon months to the total monsoon flows at Kashinagar on percentage basis. Provision for 10% u/s & 10% d/s utilizations may be kept. Net available yields at the proposed dam site after u/s & d/s utilization can be worked out. The water availability series for Sana Nadi Dam is furnished now (attached annex 5.6). The mistake taken place by oversight is now thus rectified. Since, the gauging stations namely Gunupur&Kashinagar are in the d/s of the project location and the flow volume at these sites have been reduced prorata to obtain the flow volumes at the projects namely Panidonger barrage & Sana Nadi dam, the utilisation taking place in the u/s is already taken care of. As far as the mandatory release tothe d/s is concerned, it is to point out that these have been considered while carrying out the simulationstudies. The rainfall runoff model stated to have been developed in CWC jointly by Odisha & A.P. may kindly be provided to us along with up to date rainfall series for the gauged / project catchments to obtain alternative flow series on the basis of updated rainfall series.in this connection, it may however be indicated that the flow volumes at the project sites determined prorata on the basis of measured flow volumes at the gauges sites are on the conservative sites and rainfall run-off modelling may not be needed in this case because observed data is available for reasonably sufficiently long period. Sedimentation Studies The new zero elevation after 100 years of sedimentation has been estimated to be m. But Though 100 year new zero elevation is

24 the DSL is fixed as 123m. The reasons for fixing the DSL at 123m need to be mentioned in the DPR. Is the DSL fixed on the consideration of command level? If it is so, please mention the highest command level and the reasons for fixing DSL at 123m in the report. estimated to be m, the DSL is fixed as 123 m keeping command considerations The sedimentation studies have been conducted with FRL 132m but the reservoir operation tables were prepared with FRL 133m. Reservoir Operation Tables The reservoir operation tables have been prepared with FRL 133m, whereas the FRL indicated in salient features is 132m. In case the reservoir operation tables are run with FRL 133m, the sedimentation studies are to be conducted with FRL 133m and consequently the New Zero Elevation and the revised area capacity at different levels would be different. Reservoir operation tables should be done with FRL 132m or 133m as the case may be aiming at 75% success rate of the project. Accordingly, changes to be made in the salient features / drawings. In the reservoir operation tables, the MDDL is mentioned as 122 m, whereas the salient features indicated that the DSL is 123m. MDDL cannot be lower than DSL fixed on the basis of 100 years sedimentation of reservoir. In the reservoir operation tables, the initial storage at RL 122m is shown as 80 MCM, whereas the capacity at RL m is shown as 41.22MCM. (Refer Annexure-8.1). It needs some verification as storage capacity at lower level cannot be more than that at higher level. The reservoir operation tables have been prepared separately for each individual year, rather it should have been prepared continuously for all the year i.e., the final reservoir level at the end of any year considered should be equal to the initial reservoir level of the following year and so on. In the light of discussions mentioned above, the reservoir operation tables be verified and freshly prepared. In Chapter-8 Reservoir Simulation of Detailed Project Report it was clearly mentioned under Conclusion that the FRL of reservoir is kept at 133 m for Regulationpurposes taking advantage of sufficient Free Board kept. In the case of good monsoon year FRL may be kept as 132 m only. However, the FRL could be 133 m in the case of bad and normal monsoon years. As a matter of reservoir operation policy it is proposed to keep a storage of 80 MCM in the beginning of June in the reservoir so that the criteria to decide the success of the project can be met to the extent possible. The water level against this capacity is m and not 122m.The Simulation table corrected accordingly and enclosed. It has been suggested by CWC vide their letter no dated to make conjunctive use of ground and surface water at the time of preparation of DPR. This aspect needs to be elaborated.

25 The conclusions given at Chapter-6 under reservoir, needs to be specific with reference to the reservoir operation done indicating clearly the FRL, success rate of project, spills, deficits, water use etc. Water Utilization The total water utilization of Sana Nadi dam for irrigation, drinking water, industrial use etc. including evaporation losses may please be mentioned. These are clearly depicted in the Working Table. Design Flood/MWL The Max. Water Level (MWL) has been fixed keeping 10% of the Gates not operational.

26 LOWER VANSADHARA PROJECT, STAGE -I SALIENT FEATURES FOR VANSADHARA BARRAGE 1. LOCATION (a) State Odisha (b) District Rayagada (c) (i) Latitude N (d) (ii) Longitude E (e) River River Vansadhara for barrage (f) Location Barrage Site near Panidonger Village in Rayagada District. (h) Toposheet E44F/15 and E44F/16 2. HYDROLOGY (a) Catchment Area (km 2 ) 2701 sq.km for barrage (b) Maximum Monsoon Rainfall (mm) Hydrology was based on observed data (c) Minimum Annual Rainfall (mm) at Kashinagar site on Vansadhara river. (d) Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) (e) 75% Dependable Rainfall of (i) Catchment (mm) (ii) Ayacut (mm) (f) Maximum Design Flood Discharge m 3 /s (SPF) 3. POND (a) Bed Level (m) 118 (b) Pond Level(PL) ( m) RUNOFF AT THE BARRAGE SITE (a) At 50% dependability ( MCM) (b) At 75% dependability ( MCM) (c) At 90% dependability ( MCM) HEAD WORKS A. Barrage (a) Crest level of other barrage bays (m) (b) Other Barrage bays (no.) 20 (c) Length of each bays (m) 12 (d) No. of Piers single 18 (e) Thickness of each Pier (m) 2.5 (f) No. of double Pier 1 (g) Thickness of double Piers (m) 5 (i) Height of guide bank (m) RMC side 2.5 (j) Height of guide bank (m) LMC side 6.5 (k) Crest level of under sluice (m) both sides (l) No. of under sluice bays RMC sides 3 (m) No. of under sluice bays on LHS 2 (n) Length of under sluice bays (m) both side 11 (o) No. of Piers including fish ladder RMC side 3 (p) No. of Piers LHS side 1 (q) Thickness of each Piers (m) both side 2.5 (r) Length of Barrage (m) 366 (s) Total length of barrage including abutment both side (m) (i)

27 6. DISTRIBUTION (a) Length of RBC (km) (b) Gross Commandable Area (GCA) of RBC (Ha.) 11,578 (c) Culturable Command Area (CCA) RBC (Ha.) 8105 (d) Percentage of CCA to GCA (%) 70 (e) Length of Gudari Distributary LHS of Panidonger Barrage (km) (f) Gross Commandable Area (GCA) of GD (Ha.) 1571 (g) Culturable Command Area (CCA) of GD (Ha.) 1099 (f) Percentage of CCA to GCA (%) 70 (g) Intensity of Irrigation (Kharif) (%) 85 (h) Intensity of Irrigation (Rabi) (%) 71 (i) Intensity of Irrigation (Perennial) (%) 5 (j) Area irrigated during Kharif (Ha.) 7824 (k) Area irrigated during Rabi (Ha.) 6535 (l) Area irrigated during Perennial (Ha.) 460 (m) Annual Irrigation (Ha.) (n) Average Annual Evaporation (MCM) 2.94 (o) Average Annual Irrigation (MCM) (ii)

28 LOWER VANSADHARA PROJECT, STAGE I SALIENT FEATURES FOR SANA NADI DAM 1. LOCATION (a) State Odisha (b) District Rayagada (c) (i) Latitude N (d) (ii) Longitude E (e) River River Sana Nadi for dam, dyke and spillway (f) Location Dam Site near Khaira Village in Rayagada Distt. (h) Toposheet E44F/16, E44L/13, E45G/1, E44F/15, E45A/3 and E45A/4 2. HYDROLOGY (a) Catchment Area (km 2 ) 1205 for dam (b) Maximum Monsoon Rainfall (mm) Hydrology was based on observed data (c) Minimum Annual Rainfall (mm) at Kashinagar site on Vansadhara river (d) Mean Annual Rainfall (mm) (e) 75% Dependable Rainfall of (i) Catchment (mm) (ii) Ayacut (mm) (f) Maximum Design Flood Discharge (PMF) 9089 m 3 /s. 3. RESERVOIR (a) Dead Storage Capacity (MCM) (b) Gross Storage Capacity (MCM) (c) Bed Level 94 (d) Minimum Draw Down Level (MDDL) (m) 122 (e) Full Reservoir Level (FRL) (m) RUNOFF AT THE DAM SITE (a) At 50% dependability (MCM) (b) At 75% dependability (MCM) (c) At 90% dependability (MCM) HEAD WORKS A. Main Dam (a) Type Earthen Dam and Dyke (b) Average Height of Dam (m) 42.5 (c) Top Width of Dam (m) 10 (d) Slope U/s 2.5:1, 2.75:1 & 3:1 D/s 2:1, 2.5:1 & 2.75:1 (e) Length of main Earth Dam (m) 2600 (f) Top Bank Level (TBL) (m) B. Spillway & Earthen Dyke (a) Type Ogee (b) Length of Spillway (m) 213 (c) Length of Non over flow blocks both side of spillway 2 ( ) = 85 m. (d) Average height of spillway (m) 18 (i)

29 (e) Crest level of Spillway (m) 124 (f) Length of earthen dyke right side of spillway (m) 184 (g) Length of earthen dyke left side of spillway (m) DISTRIBUTION (a) Length of Left Main Canal from Dam in (km) 54.4 (b) Gross Commandable Area (GCA) (Ha.) (c) Culturable Command Area (CCA) (Ha.) (d) Percentage of CCA to GCA (%) 70 (e) Intensity of Irrigation (Kharif) (%) 85 (f) Intensity of Irrigation (Rabi) (%) 71 (g) Intensity of Irrigation (Perennial) (%) 5 (h) Area irrigated during Kharif (Ha.) (i) Area irrigated during Rabi (Ha.) 9192 (j) Area irrigated during Perennial (Ha.) 647 (k) Annual Irrigation (Ha.) (l) Average Annual Evaporation (MCM) (m) Average Annual Irrigation (MCM) (n) Average M& I Water Supply (MCM) 6 (ii)

30 LOWER VANSADHARA PROJECT, STAGE -I SALIENT FEATURES FOR ESTIMATE OF COST Unit I Civil Works Direct Charges Indirect Charges Total Civil Works Unit II Main Canal, Branch & Distribution System Direct Charges Indirect Charges Total Civil Works crore 3.76 crore crore crore 1.96 crore crore TOTAL COST OF THE PROJECT B/C Ratio crore IRR 15.31% (i)

31 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 ODISHA STATE Odisha, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal, is the ninth largest state by area and the eleventh largest by population. Odiya is the official and most widely spoken language of the state. Odisha has a relatively unindented coastline (about 480 km long) and lacks good ports, except for the deepwater facility at Paradeep. The narrow level coastal strip, including the Mahanadi River delta supports the bulk of the population. The interior of the state is mountainous and sparsely populated. Deomali at 1672 m is the highest point of the state. Odisha is subjected to intense cyclones. The most intense one in October 1999 caused severe damage and around 10,000 deaths. Odisha is home to the Hirakud Dam, one of the longest dams in the world. Odisha has several popular tourist destinations. Puri, with the Jagannath temple near the sea, and Konark, with the Sun Temple, are visited by thousands of tourists every year. The Lingaraja Temple of Bhubaneswar, the Jagannatha Temple of Puri, the Sun Temple of Konark and the Barabati Fort of Cuttack are important in the archaeological history of India. 1.2 THE RIVER BASIN Vansadhara is an important east flowing river between Mahanadi and Godavari in southern Odisha and north east of Andhra Pradesh. In fact, name of the river is derived from the words bansa means bamboo and dhara meaning flows. The river originates near village Lanjigarh in Kalahandi district of Odisha and flows for about 254 km in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh before its outfall into the Bay of Bengal near Kalingapatnam. The river basin lies between to N latitude and to E longitude and has total catchment area of about 10,830 km 2. Tourist attractions of Srimukhalingum and Kalingapatanam in Srikakulam district are situated on the bank of this river. During its journey from source of outfall, the river is formed by 13 WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 1 Haryana

32 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report tributaries. The major tributaries are 1) Bhangi, 2) Pedageda ( 1 and 2 are on right bank), 3) Bada nalla, 4) Chauladhua, 5) Pondka nalla, 6) Badajhor, 7) Harabhangi, 8) Sananadi and 9) Mahendratanaya (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 on left bank). 1.3 THE PROJECT Aim Government of Odisha has embarked upon an ambitious plan of harnessing the untapped irrigation potential of various river basins of the state. Vansadhara river basin is one such river basin which is proposed to be partly tapped for creating additional irrigation potential in its lower reach through the proposed Lower Vansadhara Project. With the aim of ameliorating the lot of the poor inhabitants of the area, this project has been taken up by the Water Resources Department of Govt. of Odisha. A Feasibility Report has already been prepared by WAPCOS Ltd. The subsequent work of a Detailed Project Report has also been entrusted to WAPCOS Ltd Location The Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage I comprises two storage schemes viz. Sana Nadi Dam & Vansadhara Barrage near Khaira and Panidonger in the District of Rayagada respectively to cater mainly irrigation, industrial, municipal demands and flood control etc. The project command lies downstream on Left & Right bank of the river Vansadhara and left bank of Sana Nadi. A Project Location map is shown in Volume-III (Drawings Part I/II) vide no. WAP/WRD/LVP/ Project Planning in Brief The Sana Nadi Dam envisages construction of a 2600 m long earthen dam, 1400 m long earthen dyke with an Ogee Spillway of 213 m in length across Sana Nadi River at N latitude and E longitude near village Khaira in Rayagada district of Odisha. The catchment area intercepted by dam is 1205 km 2. The construction of the dam at Khaira creates a reservoir having gross storage capacity of WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 2 Haryana

33 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report MCM. The live storage capacity is MCM at Full Reservoir Level (FRL) of m. The culturable command area of km length of the Left Bank Main Canal and its distribution system is ha CCA out of its Gross Command Area of ha. The FSL at the head of Left Main Canal is kept at 120 m. The annual irrigation is ha with an intensity of 85%, 71% and 5% during Kharif, Ravi and Perennial seasons respectively. The area irrigated during Kharif is ha while the area irrigated during Ravi is 9192 ha and during perennial in 647 ha. The Vansadhara Barrage envisages construction of m Barrage on Vansadhara River at Panidanagar at N and E. From this barrage, a Right Bank Main Canal off takes, which is km of length and irrigates 8105 ha of CCA with its distribution system out of ha of its Gross Command Area (GCA) having m FSL at 0 chainage of Right Main Canal (RMC). Further, 9.35 km long Gudari distributary off taking from left bank of Vansadhara Barrage irrigates 1099 ha of CCA with its distribution system out of 1571 ha of GCA having FSL of m head of Gudari Distributary. The annual irrigation is for an area of ha with an intensity of 85%, 71% and 5% during Kharif, Ravi and Perennial seasons respectively. The area irrigated during Kharif is 7824 ha while the area irrigated during Ravi is 6535 ha and during perennial in 460 ha. The salient features of Lower Vansadhara Irrigation Project (Stage -I) for dam and barrage are given separately for ready reference Accessibility to the Project Odisha is crisscrossed by a network of excellent National / State Highways. Bhubaneswar is well connected with all major metros (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Bangalore) by flights operated by Air India and other Airlines. There is no regular passenger ship but charter ships and cruise liners call at Paradeep Port, a major sea port of India. WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 3 Haryana

34 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report The Project area lies in the district of Rayagada in Odisha. The state of Odisha is well connected by major roads and railway facilities. It is nearly 390 Km from Bhubaneswar the capital of Odisha by road. 1.4 GENERAL FEATURES General features like climate, rainfall, temperature, socio economy, demography etc., pertaining to state/ basin is briefly discussed below Climate The climate of entire basin is of tropical monsoon type with different seasons such as Summer (March to May) Monsoon (June to Sept.), Post Monsoon (October to November), Winter (Dec to Feb). As there is no met eorological station inside the basin within Odisha, Gopalpur IMD station has been considered for recording climatological and meteorological information Temperature The maximum temperature during summer days at Gopalpur is 41.9 C and minimum temperature is about 25 C. Minimum winter temperature recorded at Gopalpur is 9 C. The maximum and minimum mean temperature of the basin varies from 33 C to 7 C respectively Rainfall Rainfall in the basin is mainly due to southwest monsoon, which is active from June to October. About 80% of annual precipitation occurs during monsoon period. The annual rainfall varies from 2391mm to 410 mm Relative humidity It is seen that relative humidity is maximum in the month of August and minimum in the month of March. The relative humidity in the basin varies from 88% to 93% during July to September. WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 4 Haryana

35 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report Wind velocity The main wind direction in the basin is between Southwest and Northwest during the first half of the monsoon seasons. In the second half of the monsoon season, the wind direction is between West and Northwest. The wind velocity varies from about 0.5 km /hr to 3.2 km/ hr on normal days Cloud cover During Southwest monsoon, sky is generally over-cast. For the rest of the year, sky is generally clear and lightly clouded. The maximum cloud cover is observed in the month of June and July and minimum cloud cover is in December and January Natural Resources Forests: The forest area is nearly 58,136 km 2 which constitutes % of the geographic area of the state. While the reserved forests constitute %, protected area as 26.7% and unclassified forest as %. The geographic area of Rayagada district is 7073 km 2. The total forest area is nearly 3038 km 2 which is really % of the WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 5 Haryana

36 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report FOREST COVER MAP OF ORISSA geographical area. The total forest area covers the dense forest, moderate dense forest, open forest and scrub. The moderately dense forest area is nearly 1076 km 2. Minerals: Odisha produces enormous minerals including nonmetallic, metallic and fuel minerals like Chromite, Nickel, Iron, Manganese, Coal, Fire clay, Mineral sands, Graphite, Bauxite, Lead and Zinc. Nearly % of mineral production comes from state of Odisha. The rich reserves of minerals have led to establishment of several mineral based industries. Other minerals which are being mined in the State include Quartz, Quartzite and Soap stone. Many different locations in the state are being zeroed in for the excavation of Gemstones and Garnets. WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 6 Haryana

37 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report MINERAL MAP OF ODISHA Soil: Taking into account the soil type, climate and topography the state has been divided into ten agro climatic zones as shown in the table below. The soil quality index of Odisha state (0.54) is very low as compared to the neighboring states. The state has different types of soil ranging from fertile alluvial deltaic soils in coastal plains, mixed red and black soils in central table land, red and yellow soils with low fertility in northern plateau and red, black and brown forest soils in Eastern Ghats region. Sr. Agro climatic Zone Climate Soil Group No. 1 North Western Plateau Hot and Moist Red and Yellow 2 North Central Plateau Hot and Moist Red Loamy 3 North Eastern Coastal Plateau Hot, moist & sub humid Alluvial 4 East and South Eastern Hot and Humid Coastal alluvial saline ( near Plateau the coastline) 5 North Eastern Ghat Hot, moist and sub Laterite and brown forest humid 6 Eastern Ghat High Land Warm and Humid Red WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 7 Haryana

38 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report 7 South Eastern Ghat Warm and Humid Red, mixed red and yellow 8 Western Undulating Warm and moist Black, mixed red and black 9 West Central Table Land Hot and moist Red, heavy textured colours 10 Mid Central Table Land Hot and dry sub humid Red loamy, laterite mixed red and black. The Rayagada district falls under the northern Eastern Ghats agro climatic zone. The north Eastern Ghats agro climatic zone comprises of brown forest soils, sandy loam, loamy & clay, medium textured. The soil type is loamy but in higher elevation the soil is rocky with small to big boulders. On the basis of aridity index, the state can be divided into four zones: Sr Zone classification based upon aridity Classification of district No index 1 High moisture deficit zone (45 and above) North-western districts 2 Moderately high moisture deficit zone (40 South coastal districts to 45) 3 Medium moisture deficit zone (35 to 40) Central table-land districts 4 Low moisture deficit zone (35 and less) North coastal districts Socio economic status Agriculture is the main source of livelihood of the people of the basin. The economic growth of the people of the basin can be enhanced only by assured irrigation both in Kharif and Rabi Demography Odisha has a population of 41.9 million (Census-2011). The total male population is 50.54% while the female population is 49.46%. About 83.32% of the population lives in the village and one third of the rural population does not own any land other than homesteads. Nearly 83.32% of the population in rural and 16.68% in urban. Some of the important tribes in Odisha are Santhal, Bonda, Munda, Oraon, Kora and Mahali. Schedule Tribe population constitutes nearly 22.13% of the State s population. Population density of the state is 260 persons per km 2. Literacy rate is 73.45% with 82.40% of male and 64.36% of female being literate. According to livestock census 2003 the livestock population is nearly million. WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 8 Haryana

39 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report Food and agriculture Agriculture is the primary occupation of the inhabitants of the basin. A large number of ponds existing in the basin act as supplement during the period when water is scarce. Paddy is the main crop grown in the area in addition to oilseeds, vegetables, pulses and cotton. Sugarcane is also grown in small pockets in the basin. The total cultivable area is 2311 km CHOICE OF THE PROJECT The irrigation facilities available in Rayagada are very meager. In addition to providing irrigation, the project fulfills drinking water and industrial water demands. To some extent the project will be useful in controlling floods. The socio-economic conditions of the poor people in the command area will improve considerably with the coming up of the project. 1.6 INTERLINKING OF THE SCHEMES The Lower Vansadhara Irrigation Project is not related with any adjoining basin. 1.7 INTERSTATE AND INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS The project lies entirely in Odisha and therefore, no interstate issues are involved in the planning of this project. However, there is an interstate agreement between Odisha and Andhra Pradesh to share the waters of the basin on a 50:50 basis. This aspect is discussed in detail in Chapter 3 of this report volume. 1.8 BENEFIT FROM THE PROJECT The direct benefit is for irrigation and indirect benefits are flood mitigation, drinking water and industrial water demands. 1.9 PUBLIC CO-OPERATION AND PARTICIPATION The general public in the command is very much interested for implementing this project (except a few people resistant) very early and there will be good co-operation WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 9 Haryana

40 Lower Vansadhara Project (Stage-I) Detailed Project Report from the people in this regard. However, there will be no public participation as far as finance for implementing the project concerned PUBLIC VIEW AND BENEFITS AND PROPOSED LEVIES The public of Rayagada district in general is very much keen that the project should come and they are anxiously waiting for deriving from the project. They are prepared to pay the water rates fixed by the Govt. from time to time. WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 10 Haryana

41 Lower Vansadhara Project(Stage-I) Detailed Project Report CHAPTER 2 PHYSICAL FEATURES 2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL DISPOSITION The river Vamsadhara is an important east flowing river between Mahanadi and Godavari. The river originates near Lanjigarh village in the Kalahandi district of Odisha. Flowing for a distance of about 254 km in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, it falls in to Bay of Bengal at Kalingapatnam. The Lower Vansadhara Project, Stage-I envisages construction of a 2600 m long Earthen Dam 1400 m long across Sananadi a tributary of Vanasadhara River on left side out falling near Gunupur at N latitude and E longitude near village Khaira in (near Gunupur) Rayagada district of Odisha. The Left Main Canal having length of km off takes from Earthen Dam and irrigates ha CCA with several distribution Canal Systems. The F.S.L at Head of Left Main Canal is kept 120 m. Further, a Barrage of length m is also proposed to construct on Vansadhara River near village Panidangar (near Gudari) with N latitude and E longitude. The Right Main Canal having length of km off-takes from proposed Barrage and irrigates 8105 ha CCA with its system. Further, 9.35 km long Gudari distributary off taking from left bank of Panidanger Barrage irrigates 1099 ha of CCA. The FSL at the head of both the canals is m. 2.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY Odisha State lies within latitude N to N and longitude E to E and is bounded on the north by Bihar, on the west by Madhya Pradesh, on the south by Andhra Pradesh and on the north east by West Bengal. On the south east, is the Bay of Bengal with a coastline of 480 km. The State consists of 30 districts covering an area of 1,56,000 km 2. The State is divisible into four regions namely the Northern Plateau, the Central River Basin, the Eastern Ghats hill ranges and the Coastal plains. The principal rivers include the Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Rushikulya, Vanasadhara, Nagavali and Budhabalanga etc. The Chilka Lake, the widest lagoon in India, is a prominent coastal feature in the State. WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 1 Haryana

42 Lower Vansadhara Project(Stage-I) Detailed Project Report The total catchment area of the basin is km 2. Urban Centres in the basin are Srikakulam, Narsannapeta, Pathapattanam, Sompeta, Paralakhemundi, Gunupur, Kashinagar, Bisamcuttack, Rayagada, Muniguda etc. With regard to industries, the basin has no large scale industry. However, number of agro-forest based small scale industries are located in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh and Koraput and Kalahandi district of Odisha. Important minerals found in the basin are Manganese, Graphite, Mica, Quartz, etc. Manganese ore is abundantly available in Srikakulam and Koraput districts. Hydrological observation stations at Kashinagar and Gunupur are maintained by CWC, who are regularly collecting stage discharge and sediment data. At Kashinagar, water quality parameters are also determined by CWC. The northern plateau, covering the district of Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Sundergarh and a part of Dhenkanal, is an undulating topography having a general slope from north to south. There are hill ranges in the north east at elevation of over 1,000 m with peaks of 1,188 m (Malaygiri) in Dhenkanal, 1,117 m (Mankarnacha) in Keonjhar and 1,116 m (Meghasani) in Mayurbhanj. The average elevation in the central area, forming the watershed of the Baitarani and Brahmani rivers, is about 1,000 m. The central River basin lies between the northern plateau and the eastern hills and covers the districts of Bolangir, Sambalpur and Dhenkanal and it comprises the watershed areas of the principal rivers of the State. The river valleys are Mahanadi Tel, Mahanadi, Brahmani and Baitarani. Isolated hills rises abruptly from the plains. On the east, the East Ghats stretches for about 250 km and covers Koraput, Kalahandi, Kandhamal and Ganjam districts. The high peaks are 1,673 m. (Deomali) in Koraput, 1,599 m. (Turiakonda) in Koraput, 1,531 m. and 1,501 m. (Mahendragiri) peaks in Ganjam. Most of the area has a general elevation of over 900 m. which form the watershed of some rivers. The Coastal Plains form an extensive alluvial tract between the hills and the coast, and includes parts of Balasore, Cuttack and Ganjam district. The alluvial areas are well watered by river and canals and the coastal area is sandy or marshy. WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 2 Haryana

43 Lower Vansadhara Project(Stage-I) Detailed Project Report ODISHA The physical features showing the location of the Vansadhara valley in district Rayagada Odisha 2.3 STRUCTURE AND TECTONICS The regional trend in the Eastern Ghats belt is dominantly N.E. S.W. in the south western part (Koraput district) which gradually changes to N.-S. in the western part (Kalahandi district) and then to E.N.E.- W.S.W. through N.E.- S.W. in the northern part. The E.N.E. - W.S.W. trend in the Bolangir district abruptly changes to N.W. - S.E. trend (Mahanadi trend) and continues in the north eastern part of the orogen (eastern Phulbani, Dhenkanal, Cuttack and Puri District) until it disappears under the coastal sedimentary cover. This spectacular change in the trend is considered to be due to major cross folding alone a N.W. S.E. axis. That superimposed or cross folding had taken place is amply evidenced from the result of structural studies carried out several workers in part of the belt. Further, it is likely that the emplacement of the anorthosite bodies in the Puri and Bolangir districts is controlled by these cross fold movements. The abrupt change in Mahanadi trend WAPCOS Limited 76-C, Sector-18, Gurgaon 3 Haryana