Distribution Utilities In The Areas Of Khash City By Taxonomic Model

Transcription

1 International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences 2014 Available online at ISSN X / Vol, 8 (8): Science Explorer Publications Distribution Utilities In The Areas Of Khash City By Taxonomic Model Abdolaziz Kurdi Tamandani, Mahmoud Reza Anvari, Esfandiar Bandrian Corresponding Author rezaanvari2000@yahoo.co.in ABSTRACT: This study analyze the spatial distribution of the four areas of Khash through processing methods - descriptive analysis of the entropy factor models, standardized values and taxonomy. Four different communities of Khash city are studied for this purpose. Khash city in 1996 had inhabitants, and a growth rate of %4.05 per year per person in 2011 has increased, but the distribution of city services have grown in proportion to 155,652 individuals. But public service hasn t shown much progress compared to the population growth. The correlation coefficient between the local areas and values has standardized the inverse relationship between the extent of land and standard scores are significantly extends the area of optimal distribution utilities which have no role. Also, the Pearson correlation between population density in urban areas and Z-Score indicates that the service distribution and population density in the city of Khash city has weak relationship on basis of significance level of 0.094, there is a significant level of %95 of difference between these two variables. On the following basis of facility distribution according to population of different region across Khash city, region one and two are at average level while three and four regions are unstable zones in providing facilities for population. Therefore by providing suitable resources in Khash city as well as its surrounding stability can be achieved throughout the whole region. Thus, negative communication and coordination between population distribution in rural and urban areas in four region of Khash city has been shown and is necessary to achieve lasting looks. Keywords: Population distribution, Distribution services, Sustainable development, Khash city. INTRODUCTION Inter relationship between culture and environment itself creates countless subcultures which are quite sustainable and professional. Less difference between individual work and lifestyle are originated which in result give birth to a special culture from individuals behalf. (Shakoei, 2004). Thus, a balanced spatial organization and urban sustainability will be achieved when the logical harmony between population distribution and distribution services in cities arise. The result is obvious ecological segregation in the urban service distribution effects the spatial distribution of population in urban areas. Optimal distribution of the social, economic, cultural and health among the areas most important factors in preventing the inequality gap and develop appropriate spatial distribution of the population across the land. It is vital establishing sustainable urban development due to economic factors, environmental and social health in the context of urban planning (Marcotullio, 2001). Khash city acts as a medium limb for the province connecting all other regions to beside its social, economic and cultural heritage with an area equal to 3,150 acres in central of Sistan and Baluchestan province. This paper attempts to provide distribution services in the areas of Khash city to review and rationalize strategies to achieve harmony with outskirts of Khash city. Now the basic question arises in this connection is that one must find desirable answers in this research paper. Whether there is a relationship between the distribution of public services and urban development? Basically, the concept of social justice is so pervasive that it can be in the form of a social welfare judge. Justice as the main principle can be considered to resolve the conflicting claims. Social justice is the application of certain principles. In urban area, land speculation along with dozens other problem will follow. So identifying the major aspects of social justice issues in urban areas as social justice must covers all the angles of a society. Sustainable urban development originates due to economic factors, environmental and social health in the context of urban planning (Marcotullio, 2001), thus offering new strategy for localization and distribution services in Khash city.

2 Literature and Review Scientific principles and patterns of urban growth began in the first decade of the nineteenth century, which led to a lot of theories in this field. In first theory primarily spatial structure - social consideration and explanation of urban growth patterns and internal construction of the city were simultaneously presented. There are numerous theories on the development that stressed upon the construction of theory of concentric Ernest Burgess and Hammer hoyit(1939). Another theory based upon a girl inspired by economic and growth theory known as the city of a metropolitan area which focuses on the relationship between monetary details (Avalizadeh, 2005). Debut at the congress of Siam (1932), the city which have been provided in your heart (Astrvfsky, 1999) Research objective The objectives of this research was to specify the need and distribution of public services and identify the effect of public services on community in districts of Khash city. Hypothesis To identify the effects of public services on community in Khash city Methodology and Database This is a descriptive analytical research work. Area under study is Khash city. This research has been completed through following phases: Required data were collected via different means like observation, questionnaire, analytical means, literature and site visiting. The main resources of this research were gathered from ground site visits and literature and were analyzed via AutoCAD and GIS software s and the results are shown via tables and diagrams. Location of Study Area The area of Khash city is about 23,105 square kilometers and also it located in the South East of Sistan and Baluchestan province and it has 175 km distance from the center of province. The city lies at 60 degree longitudinal with 55 minutes and 61 degrees 30 minutes East and at 27 degrees latitude 50 minutes and 28 degrees 40 minutes North of the plain on smooth oriented North-West-South-East across the mountains of the Panj Angosht on the West side of the city are heights of harnesses of the Darehe Omr, Zirok. Mount Taftan is also located near the North of the city. This city contains 2 city centers, 3 towns and 11 villages that it has population around 799 rural points, four districts and 14 neighborhood. Figure1. The study area location Four districts of Kash city These districts includes industrial, workshop, commercial, administrative, police, sports, parks and green spaces, a nursery school and primary school. Metropolitan applications scale include an industrial workshop, the municipal facilities, commercial and equipment office, administrative, sports, cultural, parks, green spaces, the tourism, the entertainment, the health, secondary schools and vocational schools and traffic terminals. 1072

3 District Number One District Number One: Khash city is located in the northwest region, a region encompassing the districts and acre surface area of service user about acres of which are acres of urban functions, 18.3 acre practice area and 26.4 acres are in the neighborhood. Per capita of any city in the region, a hierarchy of divisions, respectively, 61.8, 3.6, square meters. About 37.7 of the area to residential landuse, 27.2 percent for accesses network and 9% is dedicated to parks and green space. Also 6% of the area in district number one will also cover the administration and pertaining to police. Figure2. The existing landuse map of District 1 District Number Two: Region two is located in the northeast of the city of Khash and included four neighborhood. Roodaki Ave, South Boundary Street and Avenue Imam western border area also forms the Enghelab. Users of the service area of acres acres of urban performance 22.7 acres practice area and 41.6 acres neighborhood will function. User services per capita yield a measure of 1.4, 81.47, and 14/8 square meters would be (Khash Master Plan, 2013). About 34.1 of the area to residential landuse, 25 percent for accesses network and 9.1% is dedicated to higher education. 6.9% of these area contain agricultural and other landuses with low percent. Figure3. The existing land map of District

4 District Number Three: The areas South West of the city limits are included. Enghelab Street and East boundaries of the North-Western border of the city are included in the Moalem Boulevard. Landuse urban service levels are acres, in order for a hierarchy of metropolitan division contain 4.2, 18.72, 15 square meters would be. Residential landuse with 3/7% accounted for a greater percentage. Accesses network 23.8%, 8/5 percent to parks and green space, and 7/5% of the area is dedicated to agricultural lands. Figure4. The existing Land Use of District 3 District Number Four: District four in the South-Eastern part of the city is situated on Roodaki Boulevard in the North, Imam Street at West area covers area acres is the total area uses the city, acres, the area 18.9 acres and yield neighborhood of 25.1 per acre is the service. The urban equivalent of the square meters, an area equivalent to 10.6 square meters and an area of nearly 14 square meters. About 33.3 of the area to residential users 24.8 percent and 21% of the accesses network is dedicated to parks and green spaces equipped. Also, about 4.6 percent of the area of the district number four 25.9 acres will also cover the use of administrative and pertaining to police. Figure5. the existing land use District 4 Distribution of urban services in the districts of Khash city on basis of taxonomic model The most important criteria for analyzing spatial justice in the distribution of urban services. To illustrate how the distribution of urban services in areas of Khash city using standard rating methods, the distribution model and taxonomy was based on the number of service units. To explain the distribution of urban services by eight indicators for the four districts are used for surveys conducted district two as stable neighborhoods and districts 1074

5 three and four, are the most volatile urban area in the optimized distribution and service of citizens' access to the utilities are known. In all four districts divisions based on balancing the body, the first was stable, two was semi stable and three and four was unstable neighborhood. Table 1. Selected distribution of urban services of standard scores in four areas of Khash city District Residential Administration Education Commercial Cultural Athletic Pertaining to police Green space Rank Status area Stable Semi- Stable Unstable Unstable Pearson correlation to assess the relationship between population and standardized scores shows that the correlation coefficient obtained in The correlation coefficient between the surface area and standardized scores were significant inverse relationships between the extent of the area and standard scores, there are areas that span the optimal distribution of urban services in the area do not have. In these areas, most immigrants and low-income people have settled lower per capita urban and high population and households of the prominent features of these neighborhoods. In Table 2, level areas of Khash city in terms of equity in the spatial distribution of urban services are shown: Table 2. Classification of Khash city regions in terms of spatial distribution of justice in civil service Districts Z -Score Frequency 1 Between and balance and equality Between and semi-balance Between and unbalances and inequalities Between 0.99 and unbalances and inequalities 13.5 Pearson correlation to assess the relationship between population and standardized scores shows that the correlation coefficient obtained in The correlation coefficient between the surface area and standardized scores were significant inverse relationship between the extent of the area and standard scores, there are areas that span the optimal distribution of urban services in the area do not have. In these areas, most immigrants and low-income people have settled lower per capita urban and high population and households of the prominent features of these neighborhoods Table 2 level areas Khash city in terms of equity in the spatial distribution of urban services shows. Distribution of urban services in Khash city areas based on the number of service units One of the main problems of spatial development and the lack of a settlement hierarchy among regions of neighborhoods is formed in the same direction within the hierarchy of settlements that as an effective distributes services areas of the can be of different functions, employing essential criteria therefore Method the low level of settlements in space will not only understand the differences between regions, but also a criterion to determine the level of services required and adjust the disparity via (Mousavi, 2003) service units in only %2 of the area of distribution are 1-2 and 1-1 respectively ranked first among metropolitan areas in the number of service units have to exclusive areas of the 4 26 of service unit % 1.5 of the total service units, which is the lowest number in relation to local population as the majority of services are faced with a shortage of resources.. Numerical taxonomy model One of the grading methods in terms of the degree of development, is the method of taxonomic analysis. A special type of this method is analyzed by numerical taxonomy. This method was first proposed in 1763 by Adanson. This method is able to make a more or less homogeneous subsets divide a scale to be used in the planning, to understand the degree of development offer (Kalantari, 2001). Step1: Calculate the mean and standard deviation of service units, at the first four district of Khash city that has 8 indexes of services and facilities we considered, then mean and standard deviation are calculated for each of the columns. 1075

6 Table 3. Mean, standard deviation and ideal values of Khash city service areas Index Residential Administrative Education Commercial Cultural Athletic Pertaining to police Green space Average Standard deviation The ideal measure Step 2: Standardization of different data (Z-score). Step 3: Calculate the combined distances between areas and determine the shortest distances. Having the Z- matrix standard can be the difference (distance) in any area other than the area found in each of the indexes. Then, by using the following formula can be combined distances between areas in terms of a set of indexes to be achieved. Table 4. The shortest distance between areas District 1 ٢ ٣ ۴ The shortest distance X (D) = (D) = D (+) = D(-) = a,b Representing the area of evaluation from their combined distance Where: Daa=0 Dbb=0 Dab=Dba Step 4: find out the homogenized district = = = = D+ = D + 2Sd= D- = D 2Sd= All connections length greater than the upper limit (high critical distance ) can be excluded. Also all connections length is smaller than the lower limit (low critical distance) can be excluded. Finally areas where distances between D + and D - are the two extremes were homogenized in a same group and two district distance less than D + and D- indicate that they do not develop any significant similarity. In this step of Taxonomic model, all areas of Khash city was homogeneous. Therefore in four districts of Khash city 8 are known to be homogeneous. Step 5: Classification of homogeneous areas and determine the development pattern, because all the areas in previous step are in a homogeneous class. So before the We show that with Cio is the area between the o and 1to be calculated from the following formula: C io - called development pattern that is small enough to indicate that the development is less than the distance between I and the area is ideal for much CIO is greater than the lack of development of the area I. Step Six: Calculate the degree of development areas. Then develop a model for determining the degree of development 1076

7 of each of the following formula is obtained. Fi value is variable between zero and one which is much closer to zero, indicating further development and is much closer to the mark lack of development. Based on taxonomic studies area number Four of Khash two regions 1 and 2, respectively, in terms of having the utilities relatively good grades I and II are located in this region has 28 training centers, nine medical centers, 13 health centers, 35 religious centers, seven cultural centers and more than 100 business units that are proportional to the amount population in them, the most per capita in comparison to the standard are adequate.table 5 Distribution Service at district level in four areas Khash Table 5. Four districts of Khash city rankings based on taxonomy model No. District Neighborhoods Degree Development Rating of Neighborhoods Status of Distribution Services Stable Semi-stable Unstable Unstable RESULTS To combine the results of standardized values (Z-score) distribution of the number of service units and taxonomic models value of each region are used as the areas with the highest number of service units have gained high scores are the results of combining the three models show areas of second and first respectively in terms of the distribution of relatively balanced regional three-and four-position imbalance that table 6 is rated zone 4 persons Khash city in terms of the distribution of the results of combining the models show shows. Status of Distribution Services Table 6. four districts ranking of Khash in terms of distribution utilities by using a combination of models District Number of service units Taxonomy Mode (Z-score) Standard Total Point- Rating zones score Semi-stable Stable Unstable Unstable Development values are located in the lower ranks. Survey concluded that Area 2 as the most stable area and area 4 as most volatile metropolitan area in the optimized distribution and service of citizens' access to the utilities. A total of 4 regions were divided on basis of physical balanced zone. The results show that three quarters of the combined areas 1 and 2, are relatively balanced in distribution of services and neighboring area 3 and 4 are imbalance states. The following table shows the ranking of urban areas of Khash in terms of the distribution of the combined model result 1077

8 Recommendations and strategies to achieve stability in the districts To achieve sustainable development and equitable distribution of urban services and social justice in the districts of Khash city following are our recommendations: 1-In order to realize importance of social justice in macro scale, we must provide access to justice or balanced development at the national level through landuse of territory. As long as the regions of the country develop and are equally equipped with resource only then balanced can be achieved not among the different cities areas thus removing cracks of inequality and social injustice will appear. The poverty in the city can be solved through politics of wealth distribution in society to reduce poorer classes and transfer them to the middle class. The existing use of the uncultivated land in all regions to remove the deficiencies of land and increase development in form of agricultural thus the austerity rate should fall. It is obvious that establishment of services when providing the needs of population of the city that is didactic services, university, school health services and therapy, hospital radiology, pharmacy and clinic activities must be established. REFERENCES Amoozadeh M investigation the spatial and physical development of Behshahr, master's thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran. Bastanifar I, Sameti M "An Inquiry of Green Tax Effect on Decreasing of Air pollution in Isfahan Province" Gilan International Symposium & Workshop, Isfahan University Press, Fakuhi N Urban Anthropology, Second Edition, Nei publication, Tehran. Farid Y Iran cities research methods, Tabriz University Press, Tabriz. Marcotullio Peter J Asian Urban Sustainability in the era of globalization, United Nation University, Institute of Advanced Studies, Tokyo, Japan. Mashhdizadeh Dehaghani N An analysis of the characteristics of urban planning in Iran, Fourth Edition, University of Science and Technology Press, Tehran. Mojtahedzade GH Urban Planning in Iran, Payame Noor University Press, Tehran. Mokhtarpour R Evaluation of methods for determining the area of semiconductor design urban planning in Iran, Iranian Interior ministry Press. Runciman WG Relative Deprivation and Social justice, (London). Shiee E The city and the region, Third Edition, Science and Technology University, Tehran. 1078